The use of treated wastewater and sludge in forest ration practices is one of preferable and safe reuse options in most of communities

1. Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company
Industrial Wastewater, Sludge and Reuse Sector
Presented by
Dr. Helalley Abdel Hady Helalley
Chief of Industrial wastewater, Sludge and Reuse sector.
Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company.

3. Is the optimum use of Alexandria treated effluent
through appropriate technologies and the best
management practices to achieve best outcomes in
terms of environmental basis and public health .

4. The provision of sewage treatment in Alexandria has resulted
in the production of substantial quantities of effluent and sludge.
In an arid country such as Egypt, these materials should be
regarded as valuable resources for agricultural irrigation and soil
fertilization, particularly as water resources are strictly limited
and there is an urgent need for continued horizontal expansion
of agriculture into the desert areas as the population increases.

5. Wastewater production and STP’s capacity (Master plan 2037)
3000000
2500000
Wast water daily rate
S.T.P capacity
2000000
Produced
1500000
1000000
500000
0
2006
2012
2017
2022
Year
2027
2032
2037

7. Final Disposal points of Alexandria wastewater
The Main drains in Alexandria are:
• El Qalaa which receives the effluent of ETP.
• West Noubaria and El Omoum drain dispose into the Mediterranean through Lake Maryout.
Quala Drain
92,358
El-Mex Pumping
Station
7,993,945
Sea Locks
82,200
East Treatment Plant
607,000
432,236
West Treatment
Plant
410,325
Evapotranspiration
169,344
Semouha Drain
19,152
Amlak Drain
65,664
Lake
Mayout
receives pollution
loads from rural areas
QUALA
915,790
Underground water
24,974
Nubaria Canal
2,530,000
Omoum Drain
4,200,000
Gonet Zohra
Drain
131,616

10. Factors that are relevant for the
feasibility of treated wastewater reuse
for forestation will largely depend on:

11. Type of treatment and of industrial pollutants
The reuse potential obviously will depend on the quality of the
wastewater. This depends on the type of treatment of domestic
wastewater and, especially, on the industrial pollutants and their
removal during the on-site treatment process.

12. Availability of suitable areas for forestation
To find suitable areas for forestation around the New
Industrial Cities in the desert does not seem to be a
problem

13. Irrigation methods and soil types
The most suitable irrigation method for reuse of treated
wastewater is drip irrigation because irrigation efficiency is high,
labor requirement is low, and contact between farm workers and
effluent is minimal. However, high quality effluent is required to
prevent clogging of the emitters. Sprinkler irrigation is not
suitable because it will expose workers to pollutants and may
result in severe damage to the leaves of the plants and
significant yield loss.

14. Environmental impacts
As part of the strategy, site-specific feasibility studies should be
carried out to determine the potential and options for reuse of
treated wastewater. As part of these studies an environmental
impact assessment will be made, with special emphasis on the
risks of groundwater pollution.

15.  Dr. Sama MZ
Maximum Standards Permitted for Reusing Treated Sanitary Drainage Water
& Degree of Treatment
contd…..
Presented by Dr. H.A.Helaly
Degree of
Treatment/Standards
Metal
Unit
First Group
Preliminary
Second Group
Secondary
Third Group Advanced
Cadmium
Part per million
0.06
0.01
0.01
Lead
Part per million
10
5
5
Copper
Part per million
Undetermined
0.2
0.2
Nickel
Part per million
0.5
0.2
0.2
Zinc
Part per million
Undetermined
2
2
Arsenic
Part per million
Undetermined
Undetermined
0.1
Chrome
Part per million
Undetermined
Undetermined
0.1
Molybolenum (green fodder only)
Part per million
Undetermined
0.2
0.2
Manganese
Part per million
0.2
0.2
0.2
Iron
Part per million
Undetermined
5
5
Cobalt
Part per million
Undetermined
0.05
0.05

16.  Dr. Sama MZ
Presented by Dr. H.A.Helaly
Group
First
Second
Third
Degree of
Treatment
Primary
Secondary
Advanced
Plants
Environmental & Health
Precautions
Trees for Timber
Fencing farms
No direct contact with water
and entrance of farm workers
only
Prohibit from entering farms
Take health measures required
for the protection from
infection with pathogenic
organisms and treatments
Palm trees, cotton, flax, linen, jute
Fodder crops & dried cereals
Husky fruits & crops
Cooking vegetables
Heat processed fruits
Flower nurseries
Raw edible plants
Husky plants
All kinds of horticulture crops
Fodder & green grasses
Cattle not yielding milk, and
producing met could be used
Food should be cooked prior to
eating
None
Suitable
Irrigation
Methods
Furrow
Proposed Kind of
Soils
Light texture
authorized for use in
desert land 5 km away
from dwelling
communities while
complying with
periodical assessment
of the environment
Furrow &
sprinkling
Light medium texture
All
methods
except
spraying
All kinds for soil

17. Reuse options of Alexandria WWTPs effluent:
In Alexandria, effluent from wastewater treatment systems could
be reused for urban landscaping, irrigation of many areas in each
district.
The direct reuse of treated wastewater into irrigation is preferable
in the following cases:
•Irrigation of green areas in resorts and golf playgrounds and similar
conditions.
•Green areas inside residence cordons in new cities.
•Irrigation of green belts all around the cities.
•Plantation of highways.
•Irrigation of desert lands to be reserved for agricultural investment and
specially irrigated with treated wastewater.
•The use of the treated waste water and of the sludge in
Forestation practices

18. Site 9N forest

20. Current location of Alexandria effluent reuse from km 26 WTP.

21. Location of proposed reuse areas of Alexandria
reuse
effluent

22. Cost Analysis of the proposed options
 Dr. Sama MZ
1st Conference for Modern Nano-Technology in Water and Waste Water projects (MNTW'2012), Cairo, Egypt. 15 September 2012

23. Proposal for reuse effluent of Hanoville, Amriya and Agamy WWTPs.

24. Effluents form Borg Al –Arab WWTPs
Borg Al-Arab WWTP: lie in a desert location and near to the West
Egyptian Desert and therefore, the effluent of the existing and the
new proposed wastewater treatment plants in this zone could be
reused for many purposes such as: irrigation of green belts all
around the zone, plantation of highways and irrigation of desert lands
that can be reserved for agricultural investment and specially
irrigated with treated wastewater,

26. Flow diagram of the Alexandria sludge
treatment system using windrow
composting

27. moisture adjustment
Effective composting operation
Sludge unloading
Mixing and turning process

28. High quality compost

29. Pathogens
Fecal Coliform Bacteria
DS/MC
Count/100/ ml
-ve
DS/MC/G
Count/100 ml
-ve
Salmonella
<2
<2
Ascaris ova
-ve
-ve
Table (3): Typical pathogens count after the composting and co-composting. .

30. Average of heavy metals content
1400
1200
(mg/kg)
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Zn
Cu
Ni
DS/MC
Cd
Pb
Cr
DS/MC/G
Figures (6): The heavy metals content in the final composts from composting and co-composting.

32. 2nd International Conference and Exhibition
Sustainable Water Supply and Sanitation. 27-29 February 2012