Presented by Hippolyte Dossa at the Second Annual Review and Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 13-17 September 2005. ILRI-BMZ Project on 'Improving the Livelihoods of Poor Livestock-keepers in Africa through Community-Based Management of Indigenous Farm Animal Genetic Resources'

1. Community-Based Management of Small Ruminants in Benin: Interim Report Hippolyte Dossa, PhD Fellow Georg-August University of Göttingen, Germany Second Annual Review and Planning Workshop Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 13-17 September 2005

5. Study Area Dassa (Centre) : 7°46’N and 2°10’E 37.4 inhabits/sq km Agriculture, livestock and trade Cotton growing zone Toffo (South) : 6°50’N and 2°5’E 122.0 inhabits/sq km Agriculture, livestock, and trade Particularly noted for palm oil and banana production S N

6. Methodological Approach Situational analysis Stakeholder analysis & household census Accessing relevant data & local knowledge Community dialogue: Problem census & prioritization Participatory action planning Development of Framework for CBM (incl. development of institutions & rules & monitoring plans) Implementation of action plan & rules Participatory monitoring & evaluation of outcomes

9. Identification of Communities: Resource Mapping

13. Rich Households keep more Livestock Species than poor Households X ² > P value: 0.0005 13 38 34 16 146 Total 2 26 51 21 39 Poorest 9 38 24 29 34 Poor 14 41 34 11 44 Rich 31 48 21 0 29 Richest > Three to five species Three species Two species One species Percent (%) of observation n Group

14. Regardless of Location and Wealth, Chicken and Goat are the Species kept by the Majority of Households 0.909 0.955 0.069 0.218 0.0000 X ² > P value 97 95 97 97 97 chicken 34 27 72 15 146 Total 31 18 64 2 39 Poorest 32 21 68 6 34 Poor 36 30 73 16 44 Rich 34 45 86 41 29 Richest pig sheep goat cattle Percent (%) of observation n Group

15. Cattle and Pig are more Kept in the Centre than in the South 0.1600 0.0000 0.0004 0.055 0.0013 X ² > P value 97 100 95 100 92 chicken 34 27 72 15 146 Total 8 36 56 10 39 S2 32 47 71 0 38 S1 0 13 81 32 31 C2 89 11 82 21 38 C1 pig sheep goat cattle Percent (%) of observation n Village

19. Spatial Differentiation of Goat Ecotypes by Phenotype Other variables measured: Thorax depth, rump height, body length, heart girth, tail length, neck length, horn length. Means ± SD <0.0001 11.2±1.8 9.6±0.9 9.44±1.1 Ear length <0.0001 49.9±5.9 43.1±2.7 41.7±2.7 Height at Withers Pr>F North (n=616) Centre (n=164) South (n=488) Variable (in cm)

21. Local Name of Goat Types in Dassa and Toffo Very short legged type S1 & S2: Gbò Ak ètè C2: Gbò Gli or Gbò wl èkè wlèkè C1: Erèwo Idégb é Local average legged type S1 & S2: Gbò koungbo , Gbò assaga C2: Gbò koun or gbagba C1: Erèwo guiga or Erèwo lakoun

22. Local Name of Goat Types in Dassa and Toffo (Cont.) Long legged type from North Benin S1 & S2: not mentioned C1 & C2 : Nord Gbò or Djabadjaba Long legged type from Sahel S1& S2: Haoussa Gbò, Ayògbò C2: Haoussa Gbò, Fulani Gbò C1: no specific name

23. Local Name of Goat Types in Dassa and Toffo (end) Crossbred long legged type from North Benin with Local average legged type (F1) S1 & S2: not mentioned C1: no specific name C2 : no specific name Goat with wattles S1: not mentioned S2: Gbò akandokò C2: no specific name C1 : Erèwo Olud é

24. Reproductive and Productive Traits are Equally Important for Farmers ª W= Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance , *** P<0.001 W=0.40*** W=0.49*** W=0.41*** W ª =0.53*** STATISTIC 5.11 (3) 6.60 (6) 3.98 (3) 4.22 (3) Disease resistance 6.70 (6) 4.10 (3) 3.81 (2) 3.86 (2) Good mothering 2.93 (1) 2.76 (1) 4.09 (4) 4.75 (4) Size 3.61 (2) 3.17 (2) 3.34 (1) 2.03 (1) Litter size S2 (n=22) S1 (n=24) C2 (n=29) C1 (n=18) Mean Rank (order) Traits

25. Formal Markets do not play any Role in Breed Stock Acquisition 14.6 17.5 11.9 Other (caretaking,..) 2.4 0.0 4.8 Formal market 4.9 0.0 9.5 Another region 24.4 7.5 40.5 Neighboring village 53.7 75.0 33.3 Keeper in the village 0.0002 Overall (n=82) Toffo (n=40) Dassa (n=42) Χ ² >P % of responses Source of stock

26. Irrespective of the Location, Sale and Ceremonies Purposes are the Main Reasons for Offtakes ª W= Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance , *** P<0.001 0.82*** 0.77*** 0.71*** 0.66*** STATISTIC (W ª) 5.15 (5) 5.00 (6) 4.40 (5) 4.71 (6) Gift 4.20 (4) 4.32 (4) 4.02 (3) 4.57 (5) Home consumption 3.42 (3) 4.82 (5) 4.64 (6) 3.90 (4) Sacrifices 6.70 (6) 3.80 (3) 4.31 (4) 3.50 (3) Stock sharing 2.04 (2) 2.04 (2) 2.47 (2) 3.07 (2) Ceremonies 1.00 (1) 1.00 (1) 1.14 (1) 1.23 (1) Sale S2 n=20 S1 n=20 C2 n=21 C1 n=21 Mean Rank (order) Reasons for offtakes

27. Diseases rank high as a Major Constraint ª W= Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance , *** P<0.001 5.62 ( 6) 5.60 ( 5) 4.88 (7) 4.45 (5) Early disposal of animals 5.62 (5) 5.67 (6) 4.12 (3) 4.71 (6) Lack capital 0.63*** 0.77*** 0.47*** 0.29*** STATISTIC (W ª ) 5.62 (7) 5.67 (7) 4.81 (5) 4.85 (7) Limited access to market 3.22 (4) 4.50 (4) 2.52 (2) 3.85 (3) Theft 2.12 (1) 2.05 (1) 4.85 (6) 4.33 (4) Feeding 2.67 (2) 2.20 (2) 4.69 (4) 3.26 (2) Lack housing 3.10 (3) 2.30 (3) 2.12 (1) 2.52 (1) Diseases S2(n=20) S1(n=20) C2(n=21) C1(n=21) Mean Rank (order) Constraints

30. Thank You For Your Attention

32. The Average Household Flock Size of Goat is Not Affected by Wealth 7.0 1.9 7.9 6.8 7.8 SD 0.051 Pr > F value 6.0 8.2 75 Total 4.0 4.4 16 Poorest 6.0 8.2 21 Poor 10.0 10.8 21 Rich 7.0 8.6 17 Richest Median Mean n Group

33. Farmers’ Preference is for the Local Goat with Average Legs Length *The number of types kept by a farmer ranges from 1 to 3 in Dassa while in Toffo all respondents keep only one type. - 0 2 With wattles - 0 4 Crossbred 2x4 - 0 2 Long legged from North Benin (4) 0.950 91 92 Local with average legs (2) 0.247 9 17 Very short legged (1) Toffo* Dassa* Χ ² >P Frequency (%) of responses ( NB:multiple responses ) Goat types kept by farmers

34. Irrespective of the Village, The Major Disease is The Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)