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QUANTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL
     IMPACTS OF URBAN AND PERI URBAN
    AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, SRI LANKA
            ON CLIMATE CHANGE




C. Semasinghe, N. Jayathilake,
H.Manthrithilake, K. Jinapala, R. Ariyaratne
Climate Change
 Climate change is caused due to absorption of infrared
  radiation by green house gases (GHGs) which slows its
  escape from the atmosphere
 Main consequences of Climate change are global
  warming, change in cloud cover & precipitation,
  melting ice caps & glaciers, reducing snow cover etc
 It has serious impacts on economy, health & safety,
  food production and food security
Climate Change in Global Picture
How it affects Sri Lanka
 Sri  Lanka is an agricultural economic based
  developing country
 CC causes change in temp, extreme weather events
  such as high intensity rainfall followed by flash floods
  & landslides and extended dry periods causing water
  scarcity which directly influences crop & livestock
  production, hydrologic balances, input supplies etc
Why urban Agriculture & Forestry
(UPAF)
 Urban areas are more vulnerable to CC due to high
  population, deforestation and urban heat island effect
 Urban agriculture is a viable solution as a mitigation
  measure to CC as well as it contributes to the
  economical development of the country
How UPAF contribute to adapt CC
 Reduce food miles
 Reduce fertilizer miles

Other advantages ;
 Green environment
 Micro climate environment
 Clean air
 Aesthetic value
 Reduce soil erosion
 Solid waste management
How to Monitor
 Good monitoring mechanism has to be introduced to
  demonstrate the results of the project
 has to be done in two folds
     To monitor the success of the project
     To monitor its impacts on climate change
 Record maintaining for the Lessons learnt in order to
 replicate the project elsewhere
Monitoring Mechanism
1.   Impacts on Climate Change
        Collect and plot data for at least 10 years of time period
        Monitoring indicators are daily temperature, daily
         precipitation, frequency of flooding an frequency of
         drought

2.   Progress of the project
        Food ( Qty, Price)
        Fertilizer ( cost of fertilizing)
        Energy ( bio gas production)
        Water resources ( rainwater harvesting,reusing wastewater)
        Aesthetic value ( increase in land value & bio diversity)
Monitoring Mechanism ctd…
3. Other indicators
     Solid waste management ( reusing disposable
      materials such as plastic bottles, vessels etc)
     Institutional changes ( in terms of capacity &
      commitment for planning, implementing and
      sustaining the project)
Quantification of potential impacts of UPAF on
Climate Change
Development                        Contribution of UPAF to Contribution of UPAF to           Indicator to Measure
interventions                      CC Mitigation and       Reduce Food/ Fertilizer/Fuel
                                   Adaptation              miles

Food
Development of Home                Temperature, GHG             Increase of UPAF food        Household income and
Gardens                            emissions, Urban heat        production and income        savings
                                   island effect, Heat waves,                                Monthly expenditure on food
                                   Rainfall, C sequestration,
Vertical gardens                   minimize storm water                                      Transporting, storing,
                                   runoff                                                    refrigerating(cost/ volumes)
Introduction of new                                                                          Food prices
Cropping patterns
Increase agro forestry cover                                                                 Food waste

Reuse non-biodegradable                                         Collection/transport of SW   Number/extent of dumpsites/
solid waste as cultivate vessels                                                             cost of collection and disposal
(bottles, plastic bags, etc.)                                                                of SW
                                                                                             Sun light intensity meter

Fresh water fish production                                     Increase in UPAF fish        Monthly expenditure on fish
(Inland ponds)                                                                               Transporting, storing,
                                                                                             refrigerating fish(cost/
                                                                                             volumes)
Development interventions         Contribution of UPAF to         Contribution of UPAF to               Indicator to Measure
                                  CC Mitigation and               Reduce Food/ Fertilizer/Fuel
                                  Adaptation                      miles

Fertilizer
Composting                        GHG emissions, Reuse of         Fertilizer replaced by compost        Fertilizer( Quantity, cost)
                                  waste
                                                                  Transport of fertilizer               Cost incurred for fertilizer
                                                                                                        transporting
                                                                  Collection of SW                      Labour and other related costs to
                                                                                                        collect SW
                                                                  Transport of solid waste              Fuel needs for transporting SW
                                                                  soil quality                          C-N ratio, soil water retention
                                                                                                        capacity
                                                                  Cost of rehabilitating dump sites     Number/ extent of dump sites/
                                                                                                        Area freed for UPAF
Erosion control & soil            Minimize degradation of soil,   Soil quality                          C-N ratio, soil water retention
improvement measures              minimize storm water run off                                          capacity

Energy

Bio Gas production                GHG emissions, Reuse of         Reduction of domestic fuel needs(LP   Household energy cost/
                                  waste                           gas/wood)                             Dependability on CEB electricity
                                                                                                        supply

Promotion of use of fire wood


Use of energy saving Stoves(saw                                   Collection/transport of SW            Cost of collection and disposal of
dust and other waste as fuel)                                                                           SW
Development                        Contribution of UPAF to Contribution of UPAF to                 Indicator to Measure
interventions                      CC Mitigation and       Reduce Food/ Fertilizer/Fuel
                                   Adaptation              miles

Water Resources
Wastewater/Grey water              Mitigate floods, water        More water resilient cities       Area of water retention
irrigation                         scarcity, Droughts, Erosion
Ground water development                                                                           Monthly water bill
Rainwater harvesting                                                                               Water treatment cost

                                                                                                   Labour days
Management of storm water                                                                          Storm water O&M cost
drainage                                                                                           reduction
                                                                                                   Disaster relief cost
Aesthetic Value
Eco forestry                       Temperature, GHG              Reduction of energy to cool(      Land use maps( forestry)
                                   emmissions,Urban heat         A/C,Fans)
Wind/ shelter belts                island effect, Heat waves,                                      Attraction of tourists/ new
                                   wind erosion                                                    citizens
Institutional Changes

Institutional audit and capacity   Empowering institutes to      Institutional changes to reduce
building                           adapt and mitigate CC         food/fertilizer/fuel miles
                                   impacts
Gender

Greater involvement of women       Empower women to adapt        Self-reliance on local food       Involvement of women in
in UPAF(individuals, groups        to CC                                                           UPAF( number of individuals,
etc.)                                                                                              groups etc.)
Thank you

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Quantification of Potential Impacts of Urban and Peri Urban Agriculture and Forestry, Sri Lanka on Climate Change

  • 1. QUANTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF URBAN AND PERI URBAN AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, SRI LANKA ON CLIMATE CHANGE C. Semasinghe, N. Jayathilake, H.Manthrithilake, K. Jinapala, R. Ariyaratne
  • 2. Climate Change  Climate change is caused due to absorption of infrared radiation by green house gases (GHGs) which slows its escape from the atmosphere  Main consequences of Climate change are global warming, change in cloud cover & precipitation, melting ice caps & glaciers, reducing snow cover etc  It has serious impacts on economy, health & safety, food production and food security
  • 3. Climate Change in Global Picture
  • 4. How it affects Sri Lanka  Sri Lanka is an agricultural economic based developing country  CC causes change in temp, extreme weather events such as high intensity rainfall followed by flash floods & landslides and extended dry periods causing water scarcity which directly influences crop & livestock production, hydrologic balances, input supplies etc
  • 5. Why urban Agriculture & Forestry (UPAF)  Urban areas are more vulnerable to CC due to high population, deforestation and urban heat island effect  Urban agriculture is a viable solution as a mitigation measure to CC as well as it contributes to the economical development of the country
  • 6. How UPAF contribute to adapt CC  Reduce food miles  Reduce fertilizer miles Other advantages ;  Green environment  Micro climate environment  Clean air  Aesthetic value  Reduce soil erosion  Solid waste management
  • 7.
  • 8. How to Monitor  Good monitoring mechanism has to be introduced to demonstrate the results of the project  has to be done in two folds  To monitor the success of the project  To monitor its impacts on climate change  Record maintaining for the Lessons learnt in order to replicate the project elsewhere
  • 9. Monitoring Mechanism 1. Impacts on Climate Change  Collect and plot data for at least 10 years of time period  Monitoring indicators are daily temperature, daily precipitation, frequency of flooding an frequency of drought 2. Progress of the project  Food ( Qty, Price)  Fertilizer ( cost of fertilizing)  Energy ( bio gas production)  Water resources ( rainwater harvesting,reusing wastewater)  Aesthetic value ( increase in land value & bio diversity)
  • 10. Monitoring Mechanism ctd… 3. Other indicators  Solid waste management ( reusing disposable materials such as plastic bottles, vessels etc)  Institutional changes ( in terms of capacity & commitment for planning, implementing and sustaining the project)
  • 11. Quantification of potential impacts of UPAF on Climate Change Development Contribution of UPAF to Contribution of UPAF to Indicator to Measure interventions CC Mitigation and Reduce Food/ Fertilizer/Fuel Adaptation miles Food Development of Home Temperature, GHG Increase of UPAF food Household income and Gardens emissions, Urban heat production and income savings island effect, Heat waves, Monthly expenditure on food Rainfall, C sequestration, Vertical gardens minimize storm water Transporting, storing, runoff refrigerating(cost/ volumes) Introduction of new Food prices Cropping patterns Increase agro forestry cover Food waste Reuse non-biodegradable Collection/transport of SW Number/extent of dumpsites/ solid waste as cultivate vessels cost of collection and disposal (bottles, plastic bags, etc.) of SW Sun light intensity meter Fresh water fish production Increase in UPAF fish Monthly expenditure on fish (Inland ponds) Transporting, storing, refrigerating fish(cost/ volumes)
  • 12. Development interventions Contribution of UPAF to Contribution of UPAF to Indicator to Measure CC Mitigation and Reduce Food/ Fertilizer/Fuel Adaptation miles Fertilizer Composting GHG emissions, Reuse of Fertilizer replaced by compost Fertilizer( Quantity, cost) waste Transport of fertilizer Cost incurred for fertilizer transporting Collection of SW Labour and other related costs to collect SW Transport of solid waste Fuel needs for transporting SW soil quality C-N ratio, soil water retention capacity Cost of rehabilitating dump sites Number/ extent of dump sites/ Area freed for UPAF Erosion control & soil Minimize degradation of soil, Soil quality C-N ratio, soil water retention improvement measures minimize storm water run off capacity Energy Bio Gas production GHG emissions, Reuse of Reduction of domestic fuel needs(LP Household energy cost/ waste gas/wood) Dependability on CEB electricity supply Promotion of use of fire wood Use of energy saving Stoves(saw Collection/transport of SW Cost of collection and disposal of dust and other waste as fuel) SW
  • 13. Development Contribution of UPAF to Contribution of UPAF to Indicator to Measure interventions CC Mitigation and Reduce Food/ Fertilizer/Fuel Adaptation miles Water Resources Wastewater/Grey water Mitigate floods, water More water resilient cities Area of water retention irrigation scarcity, Droughts, Erosion Ground water development Monthly water bill Rainwater harvesting Water treatment cost Labour days Management of storm water Storm water O&M cost drainage reduction Disaster relief cost Aesthetic Value Eco forestry Temperature, GHG Reduction of energy to cool( Land use maps( forestry) emmissions,Urban heat A/C,Fans) Wind/ shelter belts island effect, Heat waves, Attraction of tourists/ new wind erosion citizens Institutional Changes Institutional audit and capacity Empowering institutes to Institutional changes to reduce building adapt and mitigate CC food/fertilizer/fuel miles impacts Gender Greater involvement of women Empower women to adapt Self-reliance on local food Involvement of women in in UPAF(individuals, groups to CC UPAF( number of individuals, etc.) groups etc.)