The Tank Cascade System and the Contribution of Ground water to the Livelihoods of the Dry Zone in Sri Lanka
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IWMI’s Yoshiaki Inadi takes a closer look at Sri Lanka’s water storage reservoirs, locally known as “tanks”, and the growing importance of “agro-wells” for accessing groundwater.
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The Tank Cascade System and the Contribution of Ground water to the Livelihoods of the Dry Zone in Sri Lanka
- 1. Photo:DavidBrazier/IWMIPhoto:TomvanCakenberghe/IWMIPhoto:DavidBrazier/IWMI www.iwmi.org A water-secure world The Tank Cascade System and the Contribution of Ground water to the Livelihoods of the Dry Zone in Sri Lanka Yoshiaki Inada 6th November 2013 INWEP 10th Steering meeting and Symposium at Centara Duangtawan Hotel in Chiang Mai, Thai Land
- 2. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Today’s presentation 1.Review the past tank cascade system and ground water recharge studies in IWMI 2. Agro-well development due to high ground water level 3. Multiple benefits of high ground water level derived from irrigation project
- 3. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Rainfall, Agro ecological zone
- 4. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Climate and cultivation season • Climate seasons • First inter monsoon – March to April • Southwest monsoon – May to September • Second inter monsoon – October to November • Northeast monsoon – December to February • Cultivation Season • Yala: March to September – less rain in dry zone area • Maha: October to February – major rainy season in dry zone area
- 5. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Location of the study site and tank distribution in dry zone
- 6. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Average Month Total Rainfall & Evaporation
- 7. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Water Balance and Groundwater Studies in Tank Cascade • Tank balance model in Thirappane Cascade System (TCS) • Itakura 1995 • Shinogi 1997 • Shanthi 2002 • Sub-watershed balance (on going) – 2013 Ministry of Water Resource Management/Water Resource Board of Sri Lanka • JIRCAS conducting a utilization of water balance model study in Thirappane (on going) • Cascade study – upper Yan Oya - Matsuno -1996
- 8. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Thirappane Cascade Located at Anuradhapra district in the North Central province 6 interlinked small tanks are situated 8 km between top and bottom tanks Jun Itakura’s initiated Study in 1991
- 9. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Tank water balance in Shinogi’s study
- 10. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Cross Sectional View of Meegassagama Tank (Shanthi’s study)
- 11. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Seepage and percolation values found in the Studies
- 12. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Agro-well development around tank
- 13. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Uda Walawe Irrigation and Resettlement Project
- 14. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Economic benefits on recharging ground water(home-garden produce) Total value of US$14.4 million/year (Molle, F; Renwick, M 2005) 13,000 ha (satellite images) Amount(sampling survey) Value(local market price) Fruit value US$8 million/year Timber value of US$6.40 million/year
- 15. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Economic benefits on recharging ground water(domestic water supply) • value of drinking water is estimated at US$0.14 million/ year. (Molle, F; Renwick, M 2005) average water supply cost of 15 Rs/m3 (recent communal water supply projects) average current usage of 20 liter/person/day and population estimate of 120,000 (Irrigation Department)
- 16. www.iwmi.org A water-secure world Multiple benefit derived from the Uda Walawe Project