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Route Selection and Navigation

North ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],True North Magnetic North Grid North

True North ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Magnetic North ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Isogonics chart http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Dictionary/Poles/DI81.htm The Agonic Line is the line of zero degree variation Declination angle

Magnetic declination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],MAGNETIC NORTH TRUE NORTH GRID NORTH

Grid North ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of compass ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Types of Azimuth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Azimuths (cont.) ,[object Object],5 46 000m E 38 18 000m N 19 20 22 21 23 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 GN

Orthodrome A great circles arc that is casted between two points on a surface of a sphere. Is the shortest geodetic connecting line between two points on a sphere.

Measuring an Azimuth Protractors

Measuring an Azimuth Compasses Magnetic Lensatic Compass (Military Type) Silva Polaris Compass (Civilian Orienteering)

Direction - Some Examples Where is north on this map? Where is north on this map?

Position Determination ,[object Object]

Resection method ,[object Object],[object Object],http://www.map-reading.com/resect.php

Nautical Charts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Buoys - floating objects that are anchored to the bottom. Beacons -Which are structures that are permanently fixed to the sea-bed or land. http://www.boatus.org/onlinecourse/ReviewPages/BoatUSF/Project/info5d.htm

Symbols used in Nautical Charts

Position Determination ,[object Object],[object Object]

LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Global Positioning System ,[object Object]

Aeronautical charts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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