This document provides information about forensic psychology and how it is used in legal contexts. It discusses several topics:
- Uses of forensic psychology in court, including jury selection, competency evaluations, and custody cases.
- Investigative tools used by forensic psychologists such as polygraphs, hypnosis, and profiling.
- Tasks of forensic psychologists like assessing mental illness, sanity, and competency to stand trial.
- How forensic psychology is applied to determine state of mind at the time of a crime and offer profiles to aid investigations.
2. Forensic Psychology
• Courtroom Uses:
– Jury Selection (Voir Dire)
Voir Dire
– Competency for Hearings
– Custody Cases
• Investigational tools:
– Polygraph and Brain-
Fingerprinting
– Hypnosis
– Profiling (a lot more later)
3. Forensic Psychology
• Voir Dire - French for "to speak the truth."
– Process through which potential jurors are
questioned by either the judge or a lawyer to
determine their suitability for jury service.
– The preliminary questioning of witnesses to
determine their competence to testify.
• Ask Open Questions (questions begin with ‘what,’
‘how,’ ‘could you,’ ‘would you.’)
• Repeat the words the juror uses
• Give verbal and nonverbal cues to keep jurors
talking
4. Psychology
• Tasks:
– Testing for mental illness
– Assessing suspects sanity
– Estab. Mental state at time of crime
– Competency to stand trial
– Detect signs of deception and malingering
(fake illness)
– Profiling Perpetrators
5. Psychology
• How forensic psychology used:
– Assess role of alcohol/drugs
– Determine sanity
– Assess defendants understanding of reality
and responsibility
– State of mind at the time of the crime
– Offer investigators info for use in
witness/suspect interrogations
– Psychological profile
6. Major aspect of FP:
Recognizing Lying Suspects
• Look for signs of nervousness
• Read body language
• Use Neuro-Linguistic Programming (eye
movements)
• Getting at the truth:
– Lie-detectors (not allowed in court)
– Hypnosis
– Use of Drugs
8. How to Determine Competency
• Mental retardation
• Severe drug/alcohol addiction
• Organic brain syndromes
• Severe Neuroses
• Psychoses and schiophrenias w/ altered
perception of reality
9. Profiling
• How did the killer get at the victim?
• What was done?
• Cover track or in the open?
• What was the attraction?
• What was the motive?
• Info:
– Physical and psychological makeup
– Areas of residence and work
– Behaviors exhibited
13. Polygraph (Lie detector)
• Inadmissable in most states - however, a number of family
and juvenile courts have admitted polygraph results as
evidence.
• Selected physiological activities are simultaneously recorded
- A polygraph instrument will collect physiological data from at
least three systems in the human body. Rubber tubes are
placed over the examinee's chest and abdominal area record
respiratory activity. Two small metal plates, attached to the
fingers, will record sweat gland activity, and a blood pressure
cuff, or similar device will record cardiovascular activity.
16. Forensic Hypnosis
• Forensic hypnotism, investigators
access a subject's deep, repressed
memories of a past crime to help identify a
suspect or fill in details of the case. Since
hypnotists may lead subjects to form false
memories, this technique is still very
controversial in the forensics world.
19. Before we begin….do the following and be prepared for a
Socratic Discussion
Read - Life as a non-violent psycopath by James Fallon
Write up an article review - Here is article review writing info
Read and listen to the the 3 part series NPR series - Inside the
Criminal Brain
Part 1 - Inside the criminal brain
Part 2 - Inside the psychopath’s brain: The Sentencing Debate
Part 3 - Can your genes make you murder?
29. Goals in Forensic Profiling
1. Provide police with a social and
psychological assessment of an offender
based on crime scene
• Age Range
• Race
• Employment
• Religion
• Marital status
• Education
30. Goals in Profiling
2. Provide police with a psychological
evaluation of belongings found in
possession of offender
• Souvenirs of crime
• Fetish items
• Pornography
31. Goals in Profiling
3. Provide interrogation suggestions and
strategies
• Come on strong or soft
• Give sense of control to some perps
32. What crimes need profiling?
• Serial Rape
• Serial murder
• Child molestation
• Workplace violence
• Serial arson
• Threatening communication
33. Forensic Profilers
• Used at times
– Serial Crimes
• Look at crime scene and develop a profile
of the offender (Based on FBI data)
• Age Range
• Race
• Employment
• Religion
• Marital status
• Education
42. Why Arson?
• Vandalism
– Juvenile lower class
– Afternoon
– Weekdays
– Up to Grades 6-8 education
– Lives close
– Stays at crime scene
• Excitement
– Juvenile middle class
– Afternoon
– Lives alone
– Lives close
– Stays at crime scene
– Up to Grade 10 education
43. Psychology of Arson
• Revenge
– Adult lower class
– Afternoons
– Weekends
– Lives alone
– Alcohol/drug use
– Lives close
– Doesn’t stay at crime scene
– Employed
– Up to grade 10 education
– Single
44. Psychology of Arson
• Crime Concealment
– Adult lower class
– Evening
– Alcohol/drug use
– Lives more than a mile away
– Single
– Doesn’t stay at crime scene
– High school education
45. Psychology of Arson
• Profit
– Adult working class
– Evening
– Weekdays
– Lives alone single
– Alcohol/drug use
– Doesn’t stay at crime scene
– Unemployed
– High school education
46. Two Classes of Arsonists
• Jealously-motivated adult male
• Would-be hero
50. Classes of serial killers
1. Geographically Stable
• Lives in same area for some time
• Kills in same or nearby area
• Disposes bodies in same or nearby area
2. Geographically Transient
– Travels often
– Travels to confuse police
– Disposes bodies in far-flung areas
52. Serial Killers
1. Visionary Killer:
• Hear voices to kill
(Devil or Demon or
God)
• No staging of a
crime scene
2. Hedonistic Killer:
• Kill for lust or thrill
• Sexual gratification
• May have torture,
necrophilia,
dismemberment…
• Will take a long time
to kill victim
Harvey Carignan
Jerome
Brudos
53. Serial Killers
3. Mission Killers:
– Conscious need to kill certain groups of
people
– Not psychotic
– Duty to rid world of prostitutes, Jews, Blacks
etc.
– Often said to be “a fine young man”
– Pride in service to community
54. Serial Killers
4. Power Control Killers
– Pleasure in controlling people
– Sexual pleasure in domination
– Not psychotic
– sociopath having own rules and norms
– Prolongs killing event for satisfaction
– Will usually be hands-on in killing (ie.
Strangulation)
55. Serial Killers
5. Comfort Killer
– Kills for profit
(insurance,
assassination fee etc.)
– Kills a person of close
relationship
– Controlled Crime
Scene
– Many are women
Judy Buenoano-”Black Widow”
56. Who are the killers?
• Male
• White
• 25-34
• Intelligent
• Charming
• Charismatic
• Police groupies
57. Ken Bianchi
• “Alphabet Murders” of Rochester
• “Hillside Strangler”
• Rapist
• Attracted many women
• Covered heads with plastic bag until they
passed out and then revived them to begin
again
• Police Dept. Reject
58. Victim Selection
• Their “ideal” victim is rarely who they kill
– Why?
– Caution when actively searching for a victim
– Acts on compulsion for violence
• Will not care to know the victim as a
person-victim is an object
59. Evolution of Serial Killer
1. Imagination of Violence
2. Books, magazines ,movies depicting violence
3. Imagines acting out (or practicing ) on people
he knows
4. Serious thought of using real people
5. Looks at people as props in his mind play
6. Needs psychological relief by real act and
crosses the line
7. He is now “somebody” in his mind
60. View of Victim
• Victim like a disposable cup
– He takes a long satisfying drink
– Once water is gone, thirst is quenched
– No longer needs cup
– Crush cup and throw away without
thought as if it never existed
(Satisfaction in brutalization rather than
actual act of killing)
61. Additional Details
• Blindfold
– Hide identity
– Further depersonalizes victim
– Terrorizes victim
– “I blindfold my victims because faces scream
at you”
• Attacks at the face
– Depersonalizes the attack itself
– Eliminates the shame factor when there is no
“real person” to face
62. Additional Details
• Disposal of Body
– Lust, Thrill and Power-Control Killers dispose
victim
– Serial murder not concerned about families of
victims and that a body is never found
– Dumping is signal that killing process is over
– Killer’s “advertisement” of crime
63. Additional Details
• Weapons
– Hands-on weapons (straps, hose, hands,
knives, handguns, hammers)
• Allows for touching victim
• Touch degrades victim
• Touch terrorizes victim
• Lust, Thrill or Power-Control Killer
• Dismemberment
– Validates power and control
– Proving that victim is nothing
64. Additional Details
• Souvenirs
– A reminder of what happened
– Prevention of victim identification
– Strips victim of identity
– Ex. Personal belonging
• Trophies
– Has value
– Visual reward serving as an aphrodisiac
– Ex. Leg, breast
65. Additional Details
• Duct Tape
– Clue of past prison time
– May have been in the special forces of
military
67. Profiling Satanic or Cult Killing
Rosemary’s Baby and
The Exorcist enhanced
curiosity in the occult
68. Satanism in the U.S.
• 1966 Church of Satan founded by Anton
Lavey (Former actor in Rosemary’s Baby)
• The Satanic Bible
– Lists important dates in Satanism
– Lists important colors
– Lists important numbers (1,3,5,7,13,4*4, 7+9,
666)
– Lists symbols (ex. Swastika, pentagram)
– Doctrines and rituals
69. Elements in Satanic and Devil
Worship Killings
Ritual Elements Satanic Sects Devil Worship cults Self-styled deviler
Animal Sacrifice yes yes yes
Human Sacrifice yes yes yes
Victims members strangers strangers
Blood Sacrifice yes yes yes
Burn Sacrifice yes no no
Executioner priest leader self
70. Body of Satanic Ritual
• Sacrifice is revered and body is cared for and
not dumped or dirtied
• Burned bodies are placed in an easily
discoverable location as a message that this
person violated confidentiality (Prevents
Reincarnation)
• Sacrifices usually done by experience person
that is intelligent (Self-styled devilers are usually
young and uneducated)
71. Human Sacrifice
• Martyr is cut from upper part of the chest
to above the pubic bone
• Heart removed and mixed with blood,
urine and feces
72. Crime Scene Elements of Satanic
Cults
• Circle of salt
• Candles
• Mockery of Christian Symbols
• Satanic Symbols
• Blood
• Animals (Goat or other hoofed animal)
73. Busy times for the Sadist
• Satanic Masses (Thursdays, Fridays and
Saturdays)
– Initiation Mass
– Gnostic Mass
– Mass of Angels (Male Chicken Sacrifice)
– Mass for the Dead (Lamb Sacrifice)
– Black Mass (Orgy)
• Night of the Beast (3rd full moon of year, 3 wks)
• The Passover (Feb. and Aug.)
• May Day Rite (May 1)
76. Types of Molesters
• Situational Child Molester
– Few victims
– No true sexual interest but will “experiment”
when stressed
– Will also molest elderly, impaired or sick
77. Situational Child Molester Subtypes
• Regressed Child Molester
– Uses children for sex occasionally
– Coerces kids
– May have child porn
– Will have normal adult relationships
– Uses children when stressed
– Geographically stable, married and employed
– Some alcohol abuse and low self esteem
79. Situational Child Molester Subtypes
• Morally Indiscriminate Child Molester
– Abuses all persons
– A User
– Lures, forces and manipulates
– Experiments sexually
– “into” everything and everyone
80. Situational Child Molester Subtypes
• Sexually Indiscriminate Child Molester
– Likes to experiment sexually
– Otherwise “normal” person
– Motivated by kids out of boredom
– Views kids as new and different
– Highly likely to have kiddy porn
– Works with kids in some fashion
81. Situational Child Molester Subtypes
• The Naïve or Inadequate Molester
– Mental disorder (Don’t know right from wrong)
– “strange or bizarre” reputation
– Loners
– Fondles but does not have sex with kids
– Nonthreatening
– Porn but not kiddy
82. The Preferential Child Molester
• Prefers children over everyone! (Full time)
• Types:
– The Mysoped Molester/Killer
• Harms/kills victims for pleasure
• Stalks victims and abducts by force
• No Love for victim but rather likes to kill most
vulnerable
• Mutilates
• Terrorizes and has ritual
83. Albert Fish
• “Moon Maniac”
• Preyed on at least a
100 kids and killed at
least 23, mostly
African American
boys
• Sadist
• Cooked and ate last
victim, Grace Budd
84. The Preferential Child Molester
• 2nd type:
– The Fixated Child
Molester
• Single
• No activities with
people own age
• Childlike in appearance
and behavior
• “Loves” kids
• Buys gifts-seduction
• Nonintercourse sex