e

1. Rizal’s Second Sojourn
in Paris
and the Universal
Exposition of
1889

2. Universal Exposition
(Exposition Universelle) 1889
• World's Fair held in Paris,
France
• 100th Anniversary of the
"storming of the Bastille", an
event traditionally considered
as the symbol for the beginning
of the French Revolution

7. Difficulty of Finding Quarters
• For a short time, Rizal lived in the house
of his friend Valentin Ventura, at No. 45
Rue Maubeuge.
• He transferred his residence several
times.
• Finally, he lived together with two other
Filipinos – Capitan Justo Trinidad and
Jose Albert.

10. Life in Paris
• He used most of his time in..
- the reading room of the Bibliotheque
Nationale
- living quarters writing letters to his
family and friends
- the gymnasium for his daily physical
exercises
- visiting his friends

14. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
• Kidlat Club
- Among the members were Antonio and
Juan Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando
Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio Llorente,
Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas
- To bring together the young Filipinos
in the French capital

20. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
• Indios Bravos
- It’s members pledged to excel in
intellectual and physical prowess in
order to win the admiration of the
foreigners, particularly the Spaniards.
- They practised with the great
enthusiasm the use of the sword and
pistol.
- Rizal taught them judo.

25. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
• R.D.I.M. Society - Redencion de los
Malayos (Redemption of the Malays)
- He only mentioned this secret society
to:
*Jose Maria Basa
*Marcelo H. del Pilar
- It was patterned after Freesmasonry

26. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
- Only a few trusted friends of Rizal
became members: Gregorio Aguilera, Jose
Ma. Basa, Julio Llorente, Marcelo H. del
Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Baldomero Roxas &
Father Jose Maria Changco (Filipino priest)
- The aim of it was “the propagation of all
useful knowledge – scientific, artistic,
literary, etc. – in the Philippines & the
Redemption of the Malay Race”

27. Three Filipino Societies Rizal
Founded
- Rizal’s writing to Blumentritt from Hongkong
revealed his intention to be a leader of
freedom, if not in the Philippines, then in other
lands.
- Provisions for Bornean colonization:
*Right of the colonists to buy the lands
*Free use of the seashores
*Unusual long term of lease for 999 years
*“a period of time long enough for many
generations to form a nation and to
consolidate its status”

28. Annotated Edition of Morga
Published
• Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris (1980)
• He wrote in in the British Museum
• It was printed by Garnier Freres
• Professor Blumentritt – wrote the Prologue
• Rizal’s errors:
- Appraising the events of the past in the light of present
standards
- Attacks on the church were unfair and unjustified because the
abuses of the friars should not be construed to mean that
Catholicism is bad
• Rizal published Morga’s Sucesos = best of the many histories of
the Philippines written by the early Spanish writers
• Dedicated new edition of Morga to the Filipino people, to know
their glorious past : TO THE FILIPINOS (p.159)
- Proved that Filipinos were already civilized before the advent
of Spain

30. Comment on Morga’s Publication
Date
• “Paris, Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890” – title page of
Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga
• Documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s edition of
Morga must have come off the press in 1889 – not 1890.
3 Letters:
*October 12, 1889 – Blumentritt received the edition
(Leitmeritz)
*December 28, 1889 – Rizal sent copies to Dr. Baldomero
Roxas from Paris to Lipa
*December 31, 1889 – Mariano Ponce received the book
• Incontrovertible proofs that Morga’s Sucesos came off
the press in 1889.

32. Rizal as Historian
• Rizal’s research studies in the British Museum (London)
and in the Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his
historical knowledge
• His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read
historical documents:
- Pigafetta’s famous “First Voyage Around the World “
(Italian)
- Works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and Wallace
(English)
- Writings of Blumentritt, Jagor, and Virchow (German)
• Historical Commentaries which qualify Rizal to be a real
historian:
• Ma-yi (December 6, 1888) and Tawalisi of Ibn Batuta
(January 7, 1889) (both written in London)

33. The Philippines Within a Century
• In this article, he expressed his views on the
Spanish colonization in the Philippines
• He predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end
of Spain’s sovereignty in Asia
• Parts:
- Beginning - glorious past of the Filipino people
- Middle - economic stagnation and happiness under
the harsh Spanish Rule
- Last - peered into the future and warned Spain of
what would happen to her colonial empire in Asia if
she would not adopt a more liberal & enlightened
policy toward the Philippines

34. The Indolence of the Filipinos
• Defense of the alleged indolence of the
Filipinos
• Critical study of the causes why the
Filipinos did not work hard during the
Spanish regime
• Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by
nature indolent

35. The Indolence of the Filipinos
• 10 Causes of decline in economic life:
- Native revolts and other internal
disorders
- Wars which the Filipinos fought for
Spain (Dutch, Portuguese, English, etc.)
- Raids on the coastal towns and village by
the Muslim pirates of Mindanao and Sulu
- Forced labor
- Lack of stimulus to work harder (people
could not enjoy the fruits of their labor)

36. The Indolence of the Filipinos
- Government neglect and indifference
(agriculture, industry, and commerce)
- Bad example shown by Spaniards -
despising manual labor
- Teaching of Spanish missionaries
- Gambling
- System of Spanish education

37. International Association of
Filipinologists
• Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris)
• Letter to Blumentritt – January 14,
1889
• Prospectus: aim of the association – “to
study the Philippines from the scientific
and historical point of view”

38. International Association of
Filipinologists
• Officers:
- President: Dr. Ferdinand
Blumentritt(Austrian)
- Vice-President: Mr. Edmund
Plauchut(French)
- Counsellors:
*Dr. Reinhold Rost(Anglo-German)
*Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor(Filipino-
Spanish)
- Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal(Filipino)

40. International Association of
Filipinologists
• August 1889 (Paris) – scheduled holding of
the inaugural convention
• Renowned scholars in Europe:
- Dr. Reinhold Rost
- Sir Henry Yule
- Dr. Feodor Jagor
- Dr. A.B. Meyer
- Dr. H. Kern
- Dr. Czepelak

42. Project for Filipino College in Hong
Kong
• Planned by Rizal while still in Paris
• To establish a modern college in Hong Kong
• Aim: “to train and educate men of good
family and financial means in accordance
with the demands of modern times and
circumstances”
• Mr. Mariano Cunanan (Mexico, Pampanga)
- 40,000 pesos (initial capital)

43. Project for Filipino College in Hong
Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):
- Ethics
- Religion
- Natural Law
- Civil Law
- Deportment
- Hygiene
- Mathematics
- Physics and Chemistry
- Natural History
- Geography

44. Project for Filipino College in Hong
Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):
- Political Economy
- Universal History
- Philippine History
- Logic, Rhetoric, and Poetics
- Spanish
- English
- French
- German
- Chinese
- Tagalog

45. Project for Filipino College in Hong
Kong
• Curriculum (Subjects):
- Gymnastics
- Equitation
- Fencing
- Swimming
- Music
- Drawing
- Dancing

46. “Por Telefono”
• La Vision del Fray Rodiguez
- Fray Jose Rodriguez
• Por Telefono (Barcelona, 1889)
- Fr. Salvador Font (banning of Noli)
• “Dimas Alang”
• Telephone conversation between Fr.
Font (Madrid) and the father provincial
(San Agustin Convent-Manila)

47. Christmas in Paris
• Jose Albert
• Capitan Justo Trinidad
• Christmas dinner: fried chicken, rice,
and vegetables
• Rizal’s last Christmas dinner in Paris
• After New Year – brief visit to London
(unknown purpose)

48. Christmas in Paris
• Two theoretical reasons:
- To check up his annotated edition of
Morga’s Sucesos with the original copy
in the British Museum; and
- To see Gertrude Beckett for the last
time
• Middle of January 1890 – back in Paris