International Journal of Environmental Chemistry aims to serve as a platform for the dissemination of innovative ideas and research in entire areas of Environmental Chemistry. Aim and Objective is to create interest among Researcher Scholars in Environmental Chemistry dealing with the atmospheric, aquatic and soil chemistry, as well as profoundly depend on Environmental Sciences. Environmental chemistry is an interdisciplinary science that includes the chemical processes occurring in the environment which are impacted by humankind's activities. All manuscripts go through a rigorous peer review process. Journal targets to publish original, high quality papers that are peer-reviewed by our expert editorial team to ensure the publication of only good quality papers.

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impacted by humankind's activities. All manuscripts go through a rigorous peer review process. Journal
targets to publish original, high quality papers that are peer-reviewed by our expert editorial team to ensure
thepublicationofonlygood qualitypapers.
Focus andScopeoftheJournal
! Air quality monitoring
! Soil and water management
! Wastewater treatment and reuse
! Disposal and recycling of waste
! Environmental quality parameters
! Flora and fauna
! Bio-monitoring
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! Safety and sustainability of environment
! Pesticides
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Alexander Russell
Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg,
Germany
Dr. Arpana Mishra
Faculty of Science & Environment, Mahatma
Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya
Vishwavidyalaya, Satna, Madhya Pradesh,
India
Prof. Ateeq Rahman
Department of Chemistry, Bindura University of
Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe
Dr. Bashir Ahmad Dar
University of Kashmir, North Campus, Delina,
Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Dr. Bharat Modhera
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology,
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Technology & Engineering, The M. S.
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India
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,
Surabaya, Indonesia
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Education Society's College of Arts, Science &
Commerce, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Feyzullah Tokay
Department of Chemistry, Expert Dr. Balikesir
Universtiy, Research Center of Applied Sciences,
Turkey
Dr. Gengan Saravanan
Department of Chemistry, Central University
of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur,
Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Goutam Banerjee
Department of Civil & Env. Engrg, The
University of The West Indies, St. Augustine,
Trinidad & Tobago
Dr. Jayanta Kumar Biswas
Department of Ecological Engineering &
Environmental Management, International
Centre for Ecological Engineering University
of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
Dr. Linthoingambi Ningombam
Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central
University of South Bihar, BIT, Patna, Bihar,
India
Dr. Nagamalleswara Rao Kanidarapu
Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous),
Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Nanda Gopal Sahoo
Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology, Centre D.S.B. Campus,
Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Dr. Neetu Singh
Department of Chemical Engineering, Thapar
University, Patiala, Punjab,
India
Dr. Parin Shah
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Institute of Technology, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Prof. Pushpa Jha
Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Sangrur, Punjab,
India

7. EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. R. Chandrasekharan Nair
PG College, Kerala, India
Prof. Radha Das
Department of Chemical Engineering,
West Bengal University of Technology,
Kolkata, West Bengal,
India
Dr. Rajendra Sharma
Applied Chemistry Department,
Shri G. S. Institute of Technology & Science,
Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. Rajendra Singh Jadega
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara,
Gujarat, India
Dr. Rajesh Kumar Sahu
Department of Chemistry, Vishwavidyalaya
Engineering College, Lakhanpur Sarguja
University Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India
Prof. Ramakrishna Karipeddi
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science,
GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra
Pradesh, India
Ranganathan Subramanian
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of
Technology, Patna, Bihar,
India
Dr. S. R. Shah
Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of
Technology & Engineering, The M. S.
University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Saeed Soltanali
Research Institute of Petroleum Industry,
Iran
Dr. Santhi Raju Pilli
Department of Chemical Engineering,
National Institute of Technology,
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Seema Gupta
Department of Chemistry, Acharya Narendra
Dev College (University of Delhi),
New Delhi, India
Dr. Shi-Peng Sun
National University of Singapore,
Singapore
Dr. Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri
Department of In vitro carcinogenesis,
Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Dr, Srinivasan Anandan
Center for Nano-materials, International
Advanced Research Center for Powder
Metallurgy & New Materials, Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Stoyan Novakov Nedeltchev
Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf,
Institute of Fluid Dynamics,
Germany
Dr. Sufia Hena
Bioprocess Technology Division, School of
Industrial Technology, University Sains
Malaysia, Malaysia
Dr. Suhas Natyan
Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri
University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand,
India
Dr. Sumita Nair
Department of Applied Chemistry, Bhilai
Institute of Technology, Durg, Chhattisgarh,
India

8. EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Vajjiravel Murugesan
Department of Chemistry, B. S. Abdur Rahman
University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Prof. Velluru Sridevi
Department of Chemical Engineering, A. U.
College of Engineering, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

9. From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Environmental Chemistry. This journal is part of the
Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of Environmental Sciences, from theoretical
aspectstoapplication-dependentstudiesandthevalidationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of atmospheric, aquatic and
soil chemistry as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of
scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Environmental Science
community,addressing researchersandpractitionersinthisarea.
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awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional research
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International Journal of Environmental Chemistry focuses on original high-quality research in the realm of
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PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

10. 1. Analysis of Impure and Pure Underground Water in Post Monsoon of Rewa City, MP, India
Manoj Kumar Solanki, Omprakash Gupta 1
2. River Bihar Water Analysis in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Om Prakash Gupta, Manoj Kumar Solanki, Dinesh Kumar Jain, Jayshri Kanoje 10
3. Characterization of Tesu Colour Dyeing on Excel Fibre and to Study the Effects of Caustic Treatment
S.R. Shah, P. Patel 20
4. Square Wave Pulsed Electrodeposition of Chromium from Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)
Based on Choline Chloride
Gengan Saravanan, Subramanian Mohan 26
5. Trees Conservation: Protecting Life on Earth
Chhavi Jain 34
Contents

11. IJEC (2016) 1–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Analysis of Impure and Pure Underground Water in Post
Monsoon of Rewa City, MP, India
Manoj Kumar Solanki1
*, Omprakash Gupta2
1
Department of Chemistry, Govtment Engineering College, Rewa, M.P., India
2
Department of Chemistry, Govtment Science College, Rewa, M.P., India
Abstract
Present papers to analysis of underground water in postmonsoon of Rewa city, Madhya
Pradesh, India in a year of 2015. Most of the samples analyzed are within the prescribed
limits as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), Indian Standard Institute (ISI)
and BIS desirable limit. Seasonal variation in physical and chemical parameters like
Temperature, Turbidity, Color, Odor, Taste, pH value, Total hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Total alkalinity, chloride, Nitrate, Total dissolved solid, sulfate etc. All parameters were
found in some limits.
Keywords: analysis of underground water, analysis of water in post monsoon, physical and
chemical properties of water
INTRODUCTION
All life on earth depends on water. Fresh
water is a critical, finite, vulnerable,
renewable natural resource on the earth
and plays as important role in our living
environment without it life is impossible.
India is endowed with rich water
resources. Underground water found in an
under the earth, it is called underground
water. The Rewa district underground
water quality evaluated on the basis of
dissolved some minerals and salts. Most of
the Underground water of Rewa District is
hard and alkaline and quantity of salts and
minerals are deepened as the source areas
of water. In this paper proposed results of
the study of impure and pure underground
waters in the post monsoon for analysis of
temperature, turbidity, color, odor, taste,
pH value, total hardness, calcium,
magnesium, Total alkalinity, chloride,
Nitrate, Total dissolved solid, sulfate etc.
in a year of 2015 in the winter season of
Rewa city, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Sample-1 is indicated by impure
underground water and sample-2 is
indicated by pure underground water after
purification. Some parameters were found
in some limit see Table 1.[1–4]
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The underground water sample was
collected from Rewa city, Madhya
Pradesh, India in a year of 2015 in winter
season. Material requirement for sampling
and analysis of water of Itinerary for the
trip, Personnel and sample transport
arrangement, area map, location map for
the sampling site, ice-boxes, rope,
weighted bottle sampler, D.O. sample,
D.O.D. bottles, sample containers,
bacteriological and special sample, heavy
metals, D.O. fixing and traction chemicals,
glasswares, thermometer, tissue papers,
other requirements for field measurement
are sample identification forms, labels for
sampling containers, field note bottle, pen
or pencil, markers, soap, towels, match-

12. IJEC (2016) 10–19 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 10
International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
River Bihar Water Analysis in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa
District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Om Prakash Gupta1*
, Manoj Kumar Solanki2
, Dinesh Kumar Jain3
, Jayshri Kanoje4
1
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College, Rewa, MP, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Govt. Engineering College, Rewa, MP, India
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Govt. Engineering College, Rewa, MP, India
4
Department of Home Science, Govt. Girls College, Dhar, MP, India
Abstract
This paper aims to carry out analysis of water in Bihar River during winter season in year
2015 in Rewa district of Madhya Pradesh, India. We have analyzed the seasonal variation
and change in physical and chemical properties such as temperature, pH, color, odor,
alkalinity, turbidity, hardness; and presence of total dissolved solutes (TDS) like calcium
(Ca2+
), magnesium (Mg2+
), chloride (Cl
), and sulfate (SO4
2
), of Bihar river water. The
variable data of samples were compared with the prescribed limits as suggested by World
Health Organisation (WHO), Indian Standard (ISI) and BIS; desirable for water used for
drinking purpose. The analysis was carried out for a period of one year 2015 (winter).
Readings of some parameters were found within the limits.
Keywords: physico-chemical, Rewa, river water, seasonal variation
INTRODUCTION
All living organisms on Earth depend on
water. Fresh water is a critical, finite,
vulnerable, renewable natural resource that
plays an important role in our living
environment such that without it, life is
impossible. India is endowed with rich
water resources. The chemical
composition of river waters is not constant
and carries different types of impurities
dissolved in it. Due to this, the river waters
are usually polluted. The water quality of
Rewa district Bihar River was evaluated
on the basis of dissolved minerals or salts
or impurities, etc. River waters were
analyzed for temperature, turbidity, color,
odor, test, pH, total hardness, calcium
(Ca2+
), magnesium (Mg+2
), total alkalinity,
chloride (Cl
), TDS, sulfate (SO4
2
), etc.
The analysis was done in the year of 2015
during winter season in the month of
October. Bihar river water samples are
indicated by sample-1 and sample-2 in
Tables 1–3 as given below.[1–4]
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The material requirement for sampling and
analysis of water included: itinerary for the
trip, personnel and sample transport
arrangement, area map, sampling site
location map, icebox, weighted bottle
sampler, D.O.D. bottles, sample
containers, bacteriological and special
sample containers, heavy metals, D.O.
fixing and traction chemical and
glassware, thermometer, tissue papers. For
field measurements, the materials needed
were sample identification forms, labels
for containers, field note-book, pen or
pencil, markers, etc. All analyses were
carried out as per APHA (1998) and BIS
desirable limit for drinking water. Some

13. IJEC (2016) 20–25 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 20
International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Characterization of Tesu Colour Dyeing on Excel Fibre and to
Study the Effects of Caustic Treatment
S.R. Shah*, P. Patel
Department of Textile Chemistry, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of
Baroda, Vadodara, India
Abstract
Tesu, the natural flower colour, was extracted in such way that the maximum colour yield
can be obtained on textile fibre. The extracted Tesu colour was applied on excel, the third
generation regenerated cellulosic fibre, at different pH, time, temperature and electrolyte
concentration. The characterisation of Tesu colour dyeing on excel fibre was developed.
Further, the effects of caustic soda treatment on dyeability of excel fibre with natural Tesu
colour was evaluated and the results found are quite energetic.
Keywords: Caustic soda, dyes, fibre, Tesu
INTRODUCTION
Anciently, textile materials were dyed
using colours obtained from natural
resources until synthetic colours were
invented. Due to easy access of pure
synthetic dyes of different classes and cost
advantages associated with it, most of the
textile dyers and/or manufacturers chose to
shift towards using synthetic colorant.
Almost all synthetic colorants are
synthesized from petrochemical sources
after undergoing through hazardous
chemical processes that possess threat
towards its eco-friendliness. Hence,
worldwide growing awareness about
organic value of eco-friendly products has
generated new interest of consumers
towards usage of textiles dyed with eco-
friendly natural dyes.[1]
Due to this, even
after a century, the use of natural dyes has
not vanished completely and they are still
used in different places across the world.
Natural dyeing of different textiles is
continued mainly in the decentralized
sector for specialty products while
synthetic dyes are used in the large scale
sector for general textiles/apparels.[1–5]
Recently, most of the commercial dyers
and textile export houses have started
looking to the maximum possibilities of
using natural dyes for dyeing and printing
of different textiles for targeting niche
market. Natural colorants produce very
uncommon, soothing and soft shades as
compared to synthetic dyes. On the other
hand, synthetic dyes, which are widely
available at an economical price and
produce a wide variety of colours,
sometimes causes skin allergy and other
harmfulness to human body, produces
toxicity/chemical hazards during its
synthesis, releases
undesirable/hazardous/toxic chemicals
etc.[6–9]
Excel, a third generation manmade
cellulosic fibre, having high dry and wet
strength, good dimensional stability and
clean manufacturing technology is the
answer to the fashion, with comfort luxury
and engineered precision of a manmade
fibre.[10]
No literatures available pertaining
to the processing of excel fibres in
specifically. Excel fibres are mainly dyed

14. IJEC (2016) 26–33 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 26
International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Square Wave Pulsed Electrodeposition of Chromium from Deep
Eutectic Solvent (DES) Based on Choline Chloride
Gengan Saravanan1
*, Subramanian Mohan2
1
Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Tamil Nadu, India
2
CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, EMFT Division, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract
Electrodeposition of chromium from hexavalent chromium ion is very toxic, carcinogenic, not
environmentally benign, cathodic efficiency is low, and the quality of coating is very poor
(due to H2 evolution). Ambient temperature Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) can be formed by
reacting choline chloride (HOC2H4 (CH3)3Cl) with metal salts. These low cost DES are not
sensitive to air and moisture and have good electro-conductivity and they do not have vapour
pressure. DES is promising electrolyte for electrodeposition of nano-sized metals and alloys
in the metal finishing industry. In the present study, the electrodeposition of chromium films
from a solution of DES containing chromium (III) has been investigated by square wave
pulse current technique. Homogeneous and well adherent Cr films have been obtained with
65% current efficiency which is 50% higher than Cr deposited from aqueous Cr(III)-based
electrolyte.
Keywords: chromium, choline chloride, deep eutectic solvent, desorption, metals
INTRODUCTION
In recent year’s ambient temperature DES
have been studied extensively for
electrodeposition, electropolishing and as
an electrolyte for batteries.[1,2]
Key
advantages that enable them to overcome
the limits imposed by common aqueous or
organic media are their wide
electrochemical windows, spanning up to
6 V in some cases; extremely low vapour
pressures, high ionic conductivities. Early
investigations focused on imidazolium or
pyridinium cations with chloroaluminate
anions although increasing amounts of
work has been carried out using inert
anions such as CF3SO3
-
, PF6
-
and
(CF3SO2)2N-
. Osteryoung showed that n-
alkylimidazolium salts gave liquids over a
wide range of composition with AlCl3.[3,4]
The properties of these DES are controlled
by various chloroaluminate anions, whose
relative concentrations change
considerably with the melt composition.[5]
These DES have been used for metal
deposition, and as media to carry out a
variety of reactions.[6,7]
It has recently been
shown that eutectic solvents can be formed
using metal chloride with pyridinium,[8]
dimethylethylphenylammonium,[9]
and
imidazolium salts.[10,11]
These have higher melting points than the
corresponding chloroaluminate melts but
are still fluid at ambient temperatures.
Abbott et al. recently reported that eutectic
solvent can be formed using zinc or tin
chlorides with substituted quaternary
ammonium salts such as choline
chloride.[12]
These eutectic solvents are
resistive to air and water but their low cost
enables their use in commercialization in
metal finishing industry.

15. IJEC (2016) 34–35 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 34
International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
Vol. 2: Issue 1
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Trees Conservation: Protecting Life on Earth
Chhavi Jain*
MM College, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
A BRIEF ON TREE CONSERVATION
Today, one of the biggest concerns about
the environment and our Earth is the need
for tree conservation. Trees are the
cornerstones of all the ecosystems and the
building blocks for all the living organisms
on Earth. It is difficult to even imagine our
lives without trees. There would be no
place for the birds and animals to live and
have leisure time. Trees stabilize soils,
regulate water and carbon cycles, and
provide oxygen and other wealth of
products to living beings on Earth.
Without trees, these all would be gone and
it is easy to believe that there would be no
life on Earth. Trees are thus a fundamental
part of our life.
Tree conservation involves ensuring that
trees are regularly planted, maintained
and/or saved for future generations. By
doing this, we can ensure that trees will
remain a part of our lives, thereby
protecting us and preserving life on Earth.
Certain strategies that can be adopted to
save trees include:
Education
Obtaining information from professional
foresters, horticulturists, landscape
architects and planners and educate people
and property owners about how to care for
and maintain the trees will be helpful in
conserving trees.
Voluntary Measures
Interested citizens, landowners, local
readers should be invited and encouraged
to donate time and money towards tree
preservation efforts.
Provide Incentives
It is one of the best ways to promote tree
conservation. It includes providing
incentives i.e., grants or funds as financial
assistance to encourage landowners to
protect their trees, plant new trees and
improve the community.
Regulatory Measures
This includes adopting organized
regulations that emphasizes rules to on
protect environmental and economic
benefits of trees.
More than 9600 tree species are threatened
with extinction and above 1,850 species
are listed as critically endangered. The
latter are likely to become extinct unless
immediate action is undertaken to preserve
them. The Global Trees Campaign is a
joint initiative between Fauna & Flora
International (FFI) and Botanic Gardens
Conservation International (BGCI). It is
the only international campaign dedicated
to conserving threatened trees. It aims to
protect the future of the world’s threatened
tree species thereby benefiting the living
beings and the environment.
The Global Trees Campaign works in
three ways:
(1) Directly supporting threatened tree
projects: This includes providing direct
support to different projects that
focuses on conservation of world’s
most threatened tree species.
Currently, the Global Trees Campaign
is supporting such projects in more
than 15 different countries. The
threatened trees that are under focus

16. IJECJAN – JUNE 2016
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