Research

1. ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF
RESEARCH

2. POPPING QUESTIONS….
How can we say that
we have done the
right thing?
Can we strike a balance
between what is right
and what is moral?
Are the things we have
done widely accepted
in the community?

3. PRE-LEARNING
CHECK
How does being moral
relate to being ethical?
What is
plagiarism?

4. Morality
Set of unwritten rules that guides
individuals on the things that they
should or should not do in order to
attain harmony and orderliness in any
undertaking
ETHICS
The process of applying the moral
standards and principles in any
undertaking.
WHAT IS ETHICS?

5. Ethics promotes essential values that help researchers to have a
common understanding and work on the topic harmoniously.
Ethics binds experts together in the spirit of important values such as
accountability, coordination, mutual respect, and fairness, among
others.
Ethical principles also draws out public trust
Why is ETHICS be considered in conducting research?

6. What Ethical Principles should be considered in conducting
research?
1.HONESTY- Intellectual honesty should be upheld
in planning, execution , and of writing research
report.
- The research proposal must be transparent,
stating all the concerns so as not to deceive the
respondents and other researchers.
- Fabrication or falsification of research data
must never be an option.

7. What Ethical Principles should be considered in conducting
research?
2. Objectivity- Research investigations must be free
from any form of bias
3. Integrity- Must uphold sincerity and consistency.
- The planned research methodology
must be consistent with the executed procedures.

8. What Ethical Principles should be considered in conducting
research?
4. Carefulness- Error in procedures must be foreseen
so that measures must be planned to avoid them
- Good record- keeping and journal
making must be maintained in all stages of the study.
**JOURNAL-MAKING- documenting all activities
during the investigation.

9. 5. Openness- Researchers must be open to
constructive criticisms.
- No researcher has the monopoly of
knowledge
- Any methods can still be refined and
improved.
- Conversely, any ideas, results, and
resources must be shared for the
benefit of future investigations.
What Ethical Principles should be considered in
conducting research?

10. What Ethical Principles should be considered in conducting
research?
6. Respect of Intellectual property – Ideas,
copyrights, patents, and other forms of intellectual
property owned by individuals must be
acknowledged properly when used as bases in any
investigations
- The principle, “give credit to whom the
credit is due” must be observed

11. What Ethical Principles should be considered in conducting
research?
7. Trustworthiness- Manifested if data and
information about human respondents are used
only for the purpose of the research.
- Keeping the data confidential
for the protection of the respondents from public
scrutiny or discrimination.

12. What Ethical Principles should be considered in conducting
research?
8. Social and Legal Responsibility- Legalities, rules and
regulation of an institution or government must be
considered when conducting a study.
- Research must be published with the aim of advancing
knowledge and promoting social welfare, minimizing
harm and risk, and maximizing the benefits for the
target population.

13. Human rights- upheld in the
studies participated by humans
Ethical Issues must
be considered:
What are the current issues involving ethics in research?
Animal Rights and Welfare-
Considered in biological
studies involving animal
behavior
Scientific Misconduct-
related to scientific
dishonesty.

14. Animal Rights and Welfare- Considered in biological studies
involving animal behavior
If the use of animals in research is inevitable, it
is suggested that the 3R’s must be considered.
1. REDUCE-
Minimize
without
sacrificing the
quality of
research results.
2. REFINE-
Research
procedures are
evaluated and
refined carefully to
minimize possible
pain and suffering
of the animals
subjects.
3. REPLACE- If there
is a possibility of
replacing animals by
other materials or
other non-living or
non biological
subjects, replacement
option must be
explored.

15. MISCONCEPTION ALERT !!!
Animal Welfare and
Animal Rights are two
different concepts.
ANIMAL WELFARE refers to
the consideration of what
the animals feel when a
certain procedure is done
on them.
ANIMAL RIGHTS assume
that animals think, feel and
protect the interest of animal
species.
Researchers are concerned with
the welfare of the animals in
research. That is why they
ensure that every research
procedure , there should be
minimal pain and stress to the
animal.

16. THE ANIMAL WELFARE ACT OF 1998
Based on the Philippine Republic Act No. 8485
- The purpose of this act is to protect and
promote the welfare of the animals in the
Philippine in supervising and regulating the
establishment and operations of all facilities for
breeding , maintaining, keeping , treating or
training of all animals either as objects or
research.

17. QUICK QUIZ 2-1
½ CROSSWISE
1.DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN ANIMAL
RIGHTS AND ANIMAL WELFARE.
2.IN CONDUCTING RESEARCH,WHY IS IT
MORE APPROPRIATE TO PROTECT THE
WELFARE OF ANIMALS RATHER THAN
THEIR RIGHTS?

18. HUMAN RIGHTS IN RESEARCH
1. Right to voluntary Coercion

19. HUMAN RIGHTS IN RESEARCH