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Presented to
THE PROJECT MANAGER
LUCKNOW METRO
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
of
B.Tech. CIVIL ENGINEERING
BY
ADARSH DWIVEDI
(ROLL NO. -1405200004)
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
LUCKNOW
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. V.K.SINGH
(Civil Engg Department ,IET LUCKNOW)
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CONTENT
SNo. TOPIC Page no.
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3
2. OBJECTIVE 4
3 THE LUCKNOW METRO 5-7
4. CASTING AREA 8-12
5. UDERGROUND
CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE
13-25
6. ELEVATED STRUCTURE 26-29
7. CONCLUSION 30
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank The Deputy Engineer of
LUCKNOW METRO Mr. Arvind Singh sir ,Mr.
Manoj sir,Mr. Satendra sir,Mr. Suraj sir and all staff
of LMRC and L&T for giving me such golden
opportunity to train at the site, and providing a chance
to get a more hands on approach for better
understanding.
This Summer Training wouldn’t have been possible
without the guidance and support of the Training In-
charge Mr. Mayur Kr Sangal (J.E/CIVIL) and the
officers and staff of LMRC.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my
Parents and relatives who made my works easier at
home so that I can concentrateon my internship.
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OBJECTIVE
The Summer Training Program has mainly two
objectives viz. ‘Learning New Things’ and ‘Gaining
Practical Experience’. It helps to get exposure to the
environment of the industry wherein we are to be
placed.
This 4 weeks of training also enhances our soft skills
and meeting so many engineers and learning from them
makes us a confident professional.
It also teaches us the sense of responsibility, taking
initiatives, projecting the innovative ideas and most
important management.
It is also needed for the completion of the bachelor’s
degree in the field of Civil Engineering.
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THE LUCKNOW METRO
The Lucknow Metro is a Mass Rapid Transit
System (MRTS) being constructed to provide the
city of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh with an
environment friendly atmosphere. The
commencement of civil works started on 27
September 2014.Lucknow Metro Rail Corporation
Limited or LMRC is working on this project which
will be an alternative mode of transport since
approximately 94% of the city’s registered
vehicles are private.Growing population and huge
traffic has called for the transformation of private
modes of conveyance to public transport. The
metro project will be the most expensive public
transport system in the state of Uttar Pradesh,
costing approx. ₹6,928 crore (US$1 billion) in
phase 1 of construction.
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Lucknow Metro will be having two routes, from
North to South and East to West. The North-South
corridor starts at Amausi toMunshi Pulia, with a
total length of 22.878 kilometres (14.216 miles).
19.051 km elevated , 0.774 km ramp and 3.053 km
underground .This corridor will have a total 22
stations including19 overhead and 3 underground.
The elevated stations would have included the
Airport terminal, Amausi, Transport Nagar,
KrishnaNagar, Singaar,Nagar, Alambagh, ISBT,
Mawaiya, Durgapuri, Charbagh.
This shall be followed by an underground section
that will include Hussain Ganj, Sachivalaya and
Hazratganj.
Here after, the track will be elevated again,
stations in the sequence are KD Singh Babu
Stadium, Lucknow University, IT College,
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Badshahnagar, Lekhraj Market, Ramsagar Mishra
Nagar, Indira Nagar and a new terminus Munshi
Pulia.
The Lucknow Metro system, when completed, will
be the fastest and most economical high speed
rapid transit system project in India.
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LUCKNOWMETRO CASTING AREA
1.CASTING YARD
The casting yard is the place where the girders (U
shaped and I shaped)and beams (I shaped and
rectangular shaped)arecasted. The casting yard is used
to cast various parts of the metro frame work
1.1 U GIRDER
U girder is a ‘u’ shaped girder which acts as a base of
the lucknow metro system .The metro train runs in the
girder,so it has to be precisely and effectively doneso
that it gains a desired strength and should be durable.
The casting procedureis given below:
First of all the reinforcement caging is prepared.The
reinforcement is of high strength steel (Fe 500).The
casting is donein three zones namely zone a,b,c. The
different zones have different spacing and different
diameter of bars are used .The spacings are:
Zone a :85 mm
Zone b: 85 mm
Zone c:170 mm
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Second the reinforcements are tied together with
the help of steel wires. Each bar is tied to its
proximity bars so that the bars are not loose.
Third the sheathing pipe is introduced in the
between the reinforcement layers and the strands
are passed in them. A strand is a group of cables
twisted together to provide greater strength .Each
strand consists of 6 cables twisted together.
Overall in the total u girder in all the sheathing
pipes counted together there are 72 strands can be
used. All 72 strands are used in long girders of
greater than 25 meter length and about 36 strands
are used in small girders.
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After this process the strands are pre stressed so
that they get elongated to the maximum pressure
applied ,i.e.,165N/mm^2. The pressure is applied
increasingly in steps of 10 so that the stress is
maintained continuously.
Concreting is succeeded by pre stressing process
in which ready mix concrete is poured in the
reinforced cage which is fitted in the casing.The
concrete is made available from the nearby
batching plant which has two plants of 60 and 30
cubic meter capacity. The mixture is transferred
from the transit mixture truck of 6 cubic meter
capacity to the u girder casting area.
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After concreting ,the mixture is left for setting so
that the mixture can attain its desired strength in
the specified number of days. The mix is of M55
strength .also some admixtures are used in the mix
proportional (2% of the total weight of mix).
After the setting process is completed and desired
setting time is over, the girders are transferred to
the desired place for placing.
Also the spaces for drainage and shear key
attachment are left in the girder for efficient
working.
Process of U-GIRDER
1- Label Alignment
2- Cleaning of Bed
3- Shutteringoil
4- Reinforcement cage and Lowering
5- Threading
6- Slag Removal
7- Stressing
8- Inner shutterfixing & Alignment
9- Track beam reinforcement fixing
10- Casting
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1.2 BEAMS
There are two types of beams used in the
lucknow metro namely PIB beams and cross
beams. Both the beams are casted there and are
used at different locations in the metro
construction.PIB beams are used in the
construction of platforms while I beams are used
in the various places where required.
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UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTURE
There are two types of method for the construction
of underground metro station.
1.top to bottom 2.bottom to top
Bottom to top method requires a huge space which
is basically not provided at the site.Hence top to
bottom method is preferred.This consists of three
steps:
1.Construction of roof slab.
2.Casting of concourse slab.
3.Construction of base slab.
For starting these type of construction we have to
follow some steps-
First we have to check site conditions and
divert traffic accordingly.
Construct D-wall (Retaining wall) and Guide
wall for the construction management.
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D wall ( Diaphragm wall)
A diaphragm wall is constructed using a narrow trench
excavated inground and supported by an engineered
fluid (typically a bentonite mud) until the mud is replaced by
thepermanent material.
Generally diaphragm walls are made from reinforced
concrete, though unreinforced walls can also be used.
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Piling
A pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong
cylinder such as concrete that is pushed into the
ground to act as a steady support for structure built
on top of it.
Pile foundations are used in the following
situations:
When there is a layer of weak soil at the
surface. This layer cannot support the weight
of the building , so the loads of the building
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have to bypass this layer and be transferred to
the layer of stronger soil or rock that is below
the weak layer.
When a building has very heavy, concentrated
loads, such as in a high rise structure, bridge ,
or water tank.
Pile foundations are capable of taking higher
loads than spread footing
There are two types of pile foundations, eah of
which work in its own way.
End bearing piles:
In end bearing pile, the bottom end of the pile rests
on a layer of especially strong soil or rock.
The load of the building is transferred through the
pile onto the strong layer in a sense, this pile acts
like a column the key rests on the surface which is
the intersection of a weak and strong layer. The
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load therefore bypasses the weak layer and is
safely transferred to the strong layer.
Friction piles:
Friction pile work on a different principle. The pile
transfers the load of the building to the soil across
the full height of the pile, by friction. In other
words, the entire surface of the pile, which is
cylindrical in shape, works to the transfer the
forces to the soil.
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PLUNGE COLUMN
A plunge column is a structural steel or
concrete section embedded in a freshly poured
concrete pile, eliminating the need for
baseplates and holding-down bolts.
The sequence of steps for installing plunge
columns is outlined. Positioning systems (top
of pile at or below ground level), applications,
pile sizing, modes for transferring vertical
loads to the pile (interface bond,modifying the
section size, adding flange plates, adding
shear studs or connectors, and end bearings)
are described.
The magnitude of column moments and
lateral forces in the column is discussed. The
advantages and disadvantages of plunge
columns are outlined.
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ROOF SLAB
Ground level at hazratganj is 112.300m and
according to design Roof level is109.790m.
Distance between ground level and roof level
is 2.51m {2510mm}. This 2510mm consist of
two parts:
I. 750mm is the Thickness of Roof Slab.
II. 1760mm is the Soil placed for levelling to come upto
ground level so thatconstruction of road can be done.
Proper cutouts are given at certain distance of
dimension 8x8 in roof slab for excavation of
concourse and further base slab.
Roof slab are cast by connecting the iron rods
from the couplers which are connected to the
D- wall.Couplers are the bars tightly attached
to the D- wall which have very high strength
and can not be bent easily.
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They are imported from Malasia.Iron rods are
attached between the couplers from both side
D-wall.Giving with proper reinforcement.
After this all, we allow M40 grade concrete
over that to compact with the help of needle
vibrator.Proper testing of concrete is done at
site at the time of use. Some tests are:-
a. Slump cone test
b. Temprature test
After this left it for settlement for 15 days with
proper curing.Afterward leveling is done to
get surface leveled with road.
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CONCOURSE SLAB
From cutouts further excavation is done in all
directions for concouse slab.
At concourse, D-wall have couplers and the
iron rods are tightened between both side of
the couplers.With proper reinforcement a mess
is created over which concreting should be
done.Difference between concourse level and
roof slab level is 5.95m(5950mm).The clear
height of concourse storey is 5200mm from
the roof slab.
Thickness of this concourse slab is 600mm.
Concourse level is 103.840m and Roof slab
level is 109.790m.
In this slab concreting is done by machines
and same by using needle vibrators.
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After finishing of this slab the concourse area
is used for making Food stalls, ticket
counters,entry & exit for metro station.
Underground station are generally two stories
with concourse & platform area.
BASE SLAB
After Casting of concourse is done further
excavation for base slab is done.Base slab is
casted for Tracks & Platforms.
Base slab level is 94.140m & Dropped base
slab level is 95.670m whereas D-wall Toe
level is 90.670m.
In this slab clear height of base storie is
6090mm whereas 7570 is the clear height of
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base storie at dropped level .Here thickness of
base slab is 1000mm(1m). This is also done by
the same process.
The coupler are exposed from the D-wall
fromboth the side.The iron rods of varying
diameter is used for making mess.
Proper reinforcement is provided in the mess.
Concreting is done over it of M40 grade.At
last track is prepared for running of metro.
Platform is given with final touch.
Mess created crosses the plunge columns
provided with stiffners and proper shear
members.
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TUNNELLING
Tunnelling is necessary to connect the
underground station. The total of underground
passage is created through tunnelling.
Tunnelling word basically means that the
formation of tunnel which is below the ground
surface.
Tunnelling is generally done through the
TBM(Tunnel Boring machine). TBM has a
cutter at boom which cut sand & collect it
which throws back outside. Boom opened in
forward direction creating tunnel.
In lucknow metro launching shaft is at
Sachivalaya station & going for a break-
through at Hazratganj station.
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TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM)
A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known
as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate
tunnels with a circular cross section through a
variety of soil and rock strata.
They may also be used for microtunneling.
They can bore through anythingfrom hard
rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from
a metre (done with micro-TBMs) to
19.25metres to date.
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Elevated Structure:
Construction of elevated stations are done in a
proper arrangement. The lucknow Metro
(LMRC)map shows all the details about the
stations.
There are almost 19.051 km of elevated tracks
are designed to be constructed in N-S corridor.
A proper procedure is followed for the
construction of elevated stations
whereas elevated tracks are also designed for
movement of the trains.
Steps involved in construction of pillars for
movement of trains:-
Pile
Pile cap
Peir
Cross Barrier
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Pier cap
U or T Girder
Rails
Trains
PILING
In piling there are three reference points. The
excavation point is in the middle.After that
checking the verticality ,casing is fitted into
that bar hole.The casing length is 3m.
The dia. of casing is 1200mm. After that
piling machine is used and piling is done upto
30m.
Then polymer is putted into hole. Polymer
named ALPHAMONPOLYMER is used.
After that concreting is done .M40 grade is
used.Total time 6 hrs required to complete.
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PILE CAP
Pile cap is a rectangular shape structure of
concrete. Reinforcement is also provided.
It splits the load of pier to piles.
PIER
Pier is a column shaped structure is built over
the pile cap and is protected from a cross
barrier. Cross Barrier is a barrier made of iron
bars at 50mm spacing from the pier.
If a vehicle collides with pillar then it can bear
the impact.
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U- GIRDER
U girder are pre cast in casting yard with a
proper dimension and is concreted with a
space of shear key locker. U Girder in casting
yard will be manufactured ‘6’ at a time all are
tensioned and given with concrete at a time.
Two U girder are placed over one pier ,one
for going and one coming. U girder is
transported from pre cast yard in trails.
U girder are Pre-tensioned before concreting
to give maximum strength.
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CONCLUSION
Overall, I had a fantastic experience while
training with the engineers of Larsen and
Toubro. I feel extremely fortunate to be a part
of the biggest construction company of India
for a month. This summer training helped me
grow a lot and get a deeper look into the
construction field.
The summer training programme in LMRC is
unique because of more exposure we get in the
company.
Thanks L&T staff and LMRC staff for making
my internship an unforgettable journey.
