1. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• When dealing with IP addressing, it can be very
management intensive to manually assign IP
addresses and subnet masks to every computer
on the network.
• The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) enables automatic assignment of IP
addresses.
• This is usually performed by one or more
computers (DHCP Servers) that assigns IP
addresses and subnet masks, along with other
configuration information, to a computer as it
initializes on the network.
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2. Domain Name System (DNS)
• The Domain Name System (DNS) protocol
provides host name and IP address resolution
as a service to client applications.
• DNS servers enable humans to use logical
node names, utilizing a fully qualified domain
name structure, to access network resources.
• Host names can be up to 260 characters long
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3. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol
for sharing files between networked hosts.
• FTP enables users to log on to remote hosts.
• Logged-on users can inspect directories,
manipulate files, execute commands, and
perform other commands on the host.
• FTP also has the capability of transferring files
between dissimilar hosts by supporting a file
request structure that is independent of
specific operating systems.
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4. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
• The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a
protocol for routing mail through
internetworks.
• SMTP uses the TCP and IP protocols.
• SMTP doesn’t provide a mail interface for the
user.
• Creation, arrangement, and delivery of
messages to end users must be performed by
an email application.
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5. HTML Audio
 Using Plug-ins
• A plug-in is a small computer program that extends the
standard functionality of the browser.
• Plug-ins can be added to HTML pages using the <object>
tag or the <embed> tag.
• Using The <embed> Element
<embed height="100" width="100" src=“song.mp3">
• Using The <object> Element
<object height="100" width="100" data=“song.mp3"></object>
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6. Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
• What does Very Small Aperture Terminal
(VSAT) mean?
• A very small aperture terminal (VSAT) is a small
telecommunication earth station that receives and
transmits real-time data via satellite.
• A VSAT transmits narrow and broadband signals to
orbital satellites. The data from the satellites is then
transmitted to different hubs in other locations
around the globe.
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7. • It is used for the reliable transmission of data,
video, or voice via satellite.
• It requires no staff or additional technology to
operate it.
• It simply plugs into existing terminal equipment.
• A VSAT consists of two parts, a transceiver that is
placed outdoors in direct line of sight to the
satellite and a device that is placed indoors to
interface the transceiver with the end user's
communications device, such as a PC .
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8. • VSAT end users have a box that acts as an interface
between the computer and the external antenna or
satellite dish transceiver.
• The satellite transceiver sends data to and receives data
from the geostationary satellite in orbit.
• The satellite sends and receives signals from an earth
station, which acts as the hub for the system.
• Each end user is connected to this hub station through the
satellite in a star topology.
• For one VSAT user to communicate with another, the data
has to be sent to the satellite.
• Then the satellite sends the data to the hub station for
further processing. The data is then retransmitted to the
other user via a satellite.
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9. • The majority of VSAT antennas range from 30
inches to 48 inches.
• Data rates typically range from 56 Kbps up to 4
Mbps.
VSATs are most commonly used to transmit:
• Narrowband data: This includes point of sale
transactions such as credit card, polling or radio-
frequency identification (RFID) data, or supervisory
control and data acquisition (SCADA) data
• Broadband data: For the provision of satellite
Internet access to remote locations, Voice over
Internet Protocol (VoIP) or video 9

10. Configurations of VSAT
• A star topology, using a central uplink site, such as a
network operations center (NOC), to transport data
back and forth to each VSAT terminal via satellite.
• A mesh topology, where each VSAT terminal relays
data via satellite to another terminal by acting as a
hub, minimizing the need for a centralized uplink
site.
• A combination of both star and mesh topologies.
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11. Working of HUB station
• Each end user is interconnected with the hub station via
the satellite, forming a star topology.
• The hub controls the entire operation of the network .
• For one end user to communicate with another, each
transmission has to first go to the hub station that then
retransmits it via the satellite to the other end user's VSAT.
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12. VSAT customers
• Supermarket Shops.
• Chemist Shops.
• Garages / vehicle sales / petrol stations / motor spares.
• Hotel chains.
• Insurance offices.
• Car rental offices.
• Airlines, travel agents.
• Financial institutions - ATM machines.
• Manufacturers - sales offices, service divisions, plants.
• Job centers.
• Customs and tax offices / border passport control
checkpoints.
• Data file and software distributors.
• Pipeline monitoring, oil rigs.
• Rural telephony, data, videophone.
• Schools, news channel Vans.
• Environmental monitoring. 12

13. Advantages of VSAT
• Reliable Communications
• Remote Communications
• Efficient Network Management
• Less Deployment time
• Less Maintenance
• Less Setup Cost
• Expansion Flexibility
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14. Uniform Resource Locator(URL)
• Definition: URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. A
URL is a formatted text string used by Web browsers, email
clients and other software to identify a network
resource on the Internet.
• Network resources are files that can be plain Web pages,
other text documents, graphics, or programs.
• URL strings consist of three parts :
1. network protocol
2. host name or address
3. file or resource location
• These substrings are separated by special characters as
follows: protocol :// host / location
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15. • URL Protocol: The 'protocol' substring defines a network
protocol to be used to access a resource. Typical URL
protocols include http://,https://, ftp://, and mailto://
• URL Host: The 'host' substring identifies a computer or
other network device. facebook.com, gmail.com,
yahoo.com are various hosts.
• URL Location: The 'location' substring contains a path to
one specific network resource on the host. Resources are
normally located in a host directory or folder.
Eg.: parul.ac.in/result.pdf or facebook.com/login.php
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16. WEB PORTAL
• A web portal is a term, often used interchangeably
with gateway, for a World Wide Web site whose
purpose is to be a major starting point for users
when they connect to the Web.
• Apart from the standard search engines feature,
web portals offer other services such as e-mail,
news, stock prices, information, databases and
entertainment.
• Some major general portals include Yahoo, CNET,
AOL, and MSN.
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17. • Typical services offered by public portal sites
include a directory of Web sites, a facility to search
for other sites, news, weather information, e-mail,
stock quotes, phone and map information, and
sometimes a community forum.
• Private portals often include access to payroll
information, internal phone directories, company
news, and employee documentation.
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18. • Web portals are sometimes classified
as horizontal or vertical.
• A horizontal portal is used as a platform to several
companies in the same economic sector or to the
same type of manufacturers or distributors.
• A vertical portal is a specialized entry point to a
specific market or industry niche, subject area, or
interest.
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19. Types of web portals
• Personal portals
• News portals
• Government web portals
• Cultural Portals
• Corporate web portals
• Stock portals
• Search portals
• Tender's portals
• Hosted web portals
• Domain-specific portals
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20. Portal vs WebSite
• A portal is generally a vehicle by which to gain access to a
multitude of 'services'.
• A web site is a destination in itself.
• As such the term website refers to a location on the
Internet (see this) that is unique and can be accessed
through a URL (see this).
• By that definition a web portal is in fact also a website.
• However there is a distinction between the two terms
based on the subject and content of the website.
• A website is also a web portal if It transmits information
from several independent sources that can be, but not
necessarily are, connected in subject; thus offering a public
service function for the visitor which is not restricted to
presenting the view(s) of one author.
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21. • The Portal and website can be differentiated as :
 Authentication:
Portal: It provides facility of Logging-In. Provides you with information based on
who you are. e.g. mail.yahoo.com, gmail.com, rediffmail.com
Website: No log-in. e.g. www.yahoo.com
 Personalization:
Portal: Limited, focused content. Eliminates the need to visit many different sites.
e.g. You type in your user name and password and see your yahoo mail only.
Website: Extensive, unfocused content written to accommodate anonymous users
needs.
 Customization :
Portal: You will select and organize the materials you want to access. Organized
with the materials you want to access.
Website: Searchable, but not customizable. All content is there for every visitor.
e.g. you can navigate to yahoo mail, yahoo shopping, geo cities, yahoo group. If
you wish to use any of these services you will either have to authenticate yourself
and see things personalized to you or you can simply visit sections that are for
everyone like yahoo news were if you are not signed in then the default sign in is
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guest.

22. Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Definition - What does Internet Service Provider
(ISP) mean?
• An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that
provides customers with Internet access.
• Data may be transmitted using several
technologies, including dial-up, DSL, cable modem,
wireless or dedicated high-speed interconnects.
• ISP provides a software package username ,
password and access phone number
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23. Classification of ISP
1.Access providers
2.Mailbox Providers
3.Hosting ISPs
4.Transit ISPs
5.Virtual ISPs
6.Free ISPs
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24. WWW
• Definition: The term WWW refers to the World Wide
Web or simply the Web. The World Wide Web consists
of all the public Web sites connected to the Internet
worldwide, including the client devices that access
Web content.
• The WWW is just one of many applications of the
Internet and computer networks.
• The World Web is based on these technologies:
– HTML - Hypertext Markup Language
– HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol
– Web servers and Web browsers
• Researcher Tim Berners-Lee led the development of
the original World Wide Web in the late 1980s and
early 1990s. 24

25. TELNET
• The ability to log onto a network from a distant
location. Generally, this implies a computer,
a modem, and some remote access software to
connect to the network.
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26. Why we need FTP ?
• Purpose: To Transfer files between two computers
• Goals of FTP Service
• Promote sharing of files (programs and/or data)
• Encourage indirect/implicit use of remote computers
• Shield users from variations in file storage among
hosts
• Transfer data reliably and efficiently
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27. • At first, file transfer may seem simple
• Heterogeneous systems use different:
– Operating Systems
– Character Sets
– Naming Conventions
– Directory Structures
– File Structures and Formats
• FTP need to address and resolve these problems
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28. FTP Client Commands (issued by user interface)
Command Description
get filename Retrieve file from server
mget filename* Retrieve multiple files from server*
put filename Copy local file to server
mput filename* Copy multiple local files to server*
open server Begin login to server
bye / close / exit Logoff server
ls / dir List files in current remote dir on server
lcd Change local directory
cd Change remote directory
rhelp / remotehelp Lists commands the server accepts
* Sent to server as multiple command by User Protocol Interpreter

29. • There are two modes of transfer in FTP: ascii and binary.
• Textual: ASCII is used only for files saved in ASCII format .
• Binary is used for files that are formatted and saved using
a wordprocessing software like WordPerfect (.txt),
spreadsheets (.xls), images (.jpg, .gif), and many
executable programs (.exe) and videos (.avi).

30. FTP Client
• WS_FTP
• FileZilla
• FTP Voyager
• WinSCP
• FireFTP
• SmartFTP
• Microsoft Internet Explorer
FTP Servers
• WS_FTP Server
• zFTPServer Suite
• Golden FTP Server
• FileZilla Server
• Serv-U
• Xlight
• War FTP Daemon
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31. E-Commerce
• E-commerce is the buying and selling of products
and services by businesses and consumers over the
Internet.
• E-commerce works as follows:
1. Consumers choose a product or service on a website
2. Consumers pay electronically on the website (online
credit card transactions) or using a third party payment
provider such as PayPal
3. The business owner or merchant receives the order
and payment and the order is fulfilled (delivered by
post, booked in for services etc)
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32. Examples of Ecommerce
• Online Shopping
• Online Auctions
• Electronic Payments
• Online Ticketing
• Internet Banking
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33. Types of Ecommerce
Ecommerce can be classified based on the type of participants in the
transaction:
• Business to Business (B2B)
B2B ecommerce transactions are those where both the
transacting parties are businesses, e.g., manufacturers, traders,
retailers and the like.
• Business to Consumer (B2C)
When businesses sell electronically to end-consumers, it is called
B2C ecommerce.
• Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
Some of the earliest transactions in the global economic system
involved barter -- a type of C2C transaction. But C2C transactions
were virtually non-existent in recent times until the advent of
ecommerce. Auction sites are a good example of C2C ecommerce.
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34. Advantages of E-Commerce
• Quick, easy and convenient
• Security Improvements
• Convenient for Shoppers
• Prices Often Lower
• Product comparisons
• Increased consumer reach
• Shorter time frames
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