Young child playing in squatting position
Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy. It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child. It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences. Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development. Related terms include developmental psychology, referring to development throughout the lifespan, and pediatrics, the branch of medicine relating to the care of children.
2. CHILD DEVELOPMENT
• CHILD DEVELOPMENT refers to change or growth
that occurs in a child during the life span from birth to
adolescence.
• This change occurs in a orderly sequence involving,
• BIOLOGICAL
PHYSICAL
COGNITIVE
EMOTIONAL development.
3. • It is the individual progresses from dependency to increasing
autonomy.
• The first 5years of life are a time of incredible growth and
learning.
• About 95% of the development is completed before 5 years
• Developmental change is a basic fact of human existence and
each person is developmentally unique.
4. Difference between growth and
development
• Growth refers to the physical changes in child’s size,
height, weight, face, shoe size, length of arms and
legs and body shape.
• Development refers to the continuous progression
whereby a children gains more complex knowledge.
5. • NEW BORN(0-4weeks)
• INFANT (weeks 4-1year)
• TODDLER(1-3years)
• PRESCHOOLER(4-6years)
• SCHOOL –AGED CHILD(6-11years)
• ADOLECENT(12-19years)
PEDIATRIC AGE GROUP
CLASSIFICATION
6. Characteristics
• Young infants (six weeks – 12 months)
Social development, developing trust
Responds interactively to faces, talking, cooing
Standing, walking
• Mobile young toddlers (13 months-23 months)
Judgement obased on perception rather than logic
Expresses feelings through crying,body language
Color by moving the entire arm
7. Older active toddlers (24 months- 35 months)
Working on physical skills,less clumsy.
Empathetic if others hurt
Verbal, rapidly learning words
Preschoolers (36 months- 5 years 11 months)
Good vocabulary; application of grammer
Trying to find reasons and meaning
Can jump on foot,walk backwards
8. Early elementary (6- 11 years)
Sense of justice, judgement based on reasoning.
Acquiring skills, physical as well as learning
Young teens (12- 19 years)
Potentially habe strong skills, interest,skills
Self conscious: beginning to be emotional
Can do all physical task
10. 5 DOMAINS OF
DEVEOLPMENT
• PHYSICAL : Biological growth,acquisition of fine
motor(small muscle) skill and gross(large muscle)
motor skill.
Gross motor skills: This skills are the use of large
muscles in arms, legs.
Fine motor skills: This skills are the use of small
muscles as fingers wrists
• COGNITIVE: It refers skills such as learning,
remembering, thinking, intelligence.
11. 5 DOMAINS OF
DEVEOLPMENT
• SOCIAL & EMOTIONAL :It refeses to the abilities
to establish positive attitude and maintain
relationship with peers and the ability to regulate and
express feelings in an appropriate way
• SPEECH AND LANGUAGE: It involves gaining
skills neded to understand and use a language.
• SELF HELP & ADAPTIVE: It refers to the skills
used for daily living such as dressing, eating etc
13. COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
• Piagets constructivist theory explained how children
learn by constructing their own knowledge through
their experiences.
• The SCHEMA goes through periods of
ADAPTATION either by ASSIMILATING OR
ACCOMODATING
14. SOCIAL AND EMOTION BASE
DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY
This theory is given by ERIK ERIKSON and its based
on social,cultural,experiences shaping development.
This theory emphasizes the impact of the sociocultural
environment where a child experiences each stages
of the challenge.
17. PIAGETS THEORY
JEAN PIAGET believed biology affected cognitive
development in 4stages that every child will go
through.
Sensorimotor(birth-2)
Preoperational(2-7)
Concrete Operational(7-11)
Formal Operational(11-adult)
20. Maslows theory
Maslows hierarchy of humans needs shows that needs
motivates behavior and goals and his discovered
pyramid shows our basic needs and growth needs.
This theory helps us understand how children are
motivated .Basic needs of foods,shelter,security and
belongings etc.
24. WINDOWS OF
OPPORTUNITY(0-10age)
• Young childs brain are much more ACTIVE
,CONNECTED and FLEXIBLE than an adults
brain
• During the early childhood years,the brain is the
most receptive and responsive to experiences
• (+)and(-)experiences,especially those most
emotionally intense will have lasting effects.
26. Effective Parenting Practices
• Responding to children in a predictable way.
• Showing warmth & sensitivity
• Having households & routine rules
• Sharing books and talking with children
• Supporting health & safety
• Using appropriate discipline without harshness
