school-administration

1. FUNCTIONS AND
PRINCIPLES OF SCHOOL
ADMINISTRATION
Compiled By:
Dr Muhammad Nadeem Anwar
University of Sargodha

2.  What is Administration? and School
Administration
Major Functions of School
Administration
 Principles of School
Administration
TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION

3. Meanings and definition of
Administration
The word “administration” is derived from Latin
word “minister”, means service rendered to
others for their welfare, to care for or to look
after people to manage affairs.
The meaning itself reflect that the administrator
regards himself as servant, not that the master to
look after, perform all the functions. It is a
cooperative effort, directed towards the
realization of a consciously laid down
objectives.

4. Administration is interpreting policies
and making them operational.
Administration is the organization &
direction of human & material
resources to achieve desired ends.

5. “Administration is the organization and
direction of human and material
resources to achieve desired ends.”
- Pfiffner and Presthus
“Administration has to do with getting
things done; with the accomplishment
of defined
objectives.”
- Luther Gullick

6. School Administration
American Association of School
Administration describes
administration as the total of the
processes through which appropriate
human and material resources are made
available and made effective for
accomplishing the purpose of an school
organization.

7. In an educational setting, it is the process of
planning, directing, organizing,
and controlling
human or material resources
efficiently so as to direct activities
toward common goals and objectives.
What is School Administration?

8. INPUTS
(Men, machine,materials,
means, money and methods)
PROCESS
(Functions)
OUTPUTS
(Results or
outcomes)

9. MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF ADMINISTRATION
- Planning
- Organizing
- Staffing
- Directing
- Coordinating
- Reporting
- Budgeting

10. If you are planning for one year, grow rice. If you
are planning for 20 years, grow trees. If you are
planning for centuries, grow men!
Chinese Proverb
PLANNING

11. PLANNING
Planning means to decide in advance what is
to be done. It charts a course of actions for the
future.

12. It is defining roles, responsibilities and
arranging and coordinating the resources
needed to successfully carry out plans.
ORGANIZING

13. “Putting right people in the right position”
to insure maximum effectiveness and
efficiency in the organization.
STAFFING

14. DIRECTING
Leading people in a manner that achieves the
goals of the organization. This involves proper
allocation of resources and providing an
effective support system.

15. COORDINATING
Coordination can be achieved through
effective communication and good
leadership.

16. REPORTING
Keeping the superiors and stakeholders
informed about the progress and problems of
work.

17. BUDGETING
It is expressed in financial terms and based on
expected income and expenditure.

18. Sample Activities for Functions of
School Administration
1.Planning of school programs and activities; budget
preparation
2.Directing school work and formulating and executing
educational policies
3. Coordinating administrative and supervisory activities
4. Providing the necessary leadership.
5. Evaluating the teaching personnel and school program
6. Keeping records and reporting results

19. MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF ADMINISTRATION
- Planning
- Organizing
- Staffing
- Directing
- Coordinating
- Reporting
- Budgeting

20. Nature of School
Administration

21. See this link for
Nature of Educational Administration
Scope of Educational Administration
Objectives of Educational Administration
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/educational-management/educational-
administration/educational-administration-meaning-nature-and-other-
details/63730

22. FUNDAMENTAL
PRINCIPLES OF SCHOOL
ADMINISTRATION

23. PRINCIPLE – is considered as a law, a
doctrine, a policy, or a deep-seated
belief which governs the conduct of
various types of human activities.

24. IMPORTANT USES OF
PRINCIPLES IN SCHOOL
ADMINISTRATION AND
SUPERVISION

25. 1. Principles are means by which the
administrator and supervisor proceed from
one situation to another.

26. 2. Principles are instrumental in improving
teaching-learning process.

27. 3. Principles make for enormous economy of
time and effort in choosing techniques to be
used.

28. 4. Principles aid in the evaluation of
techniques, for they furnish a broader basis
by which to judge the techniques used in the
school administration and supervision.

29. 5. Principles are used to evaluate the
success of administrative and supervisory
programs.

30. 6. Principles lead the administrators and
supervisors to further activities for they are
dynamic and not static.

31. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
ADMINISTRATION

32. School administration must be…
…democratic
We have to recognize
individual differences,
respect one’s
personality, and extend
consideration to all.

33. School administration must be…
…cooperative
This implies group
action. There is strength
in cooperation and
progress results from
combined efforts of all.

34. School administration must be…
…scientific
emphasizes that the use of
the scientific principle
and that the solution of
problems should be
based on facts.

35. School administration must be…
… based on accepted
educational philosophy.
educational philosophy
affects the thinking and
resultant actions of the
leaders who control public
school’s administration and
supervision.

36. School administration must be…
…creative
creative administration
and supervision
encourages growth

37. School administration must be…
…evaluate in the
light of results
by knowing as accurate
as possible the results
of instruction

38. School administration must be…
…run parallel
throughout the system
clear cut-lines of
duties/responsibilities
and respective functions

39. School administration must be…
…preventive
and constructive
kind of assistance is
valuable to the teachers
to avoid mistakes

40. School administration must be…
…centered on child
growth and development
provide conditions
favorable to the growth
and development of the
learners

41. School administration must be…
…flexible
is characterized by its
being adopted and
readily adjust to meet the
requirement of changing
conditions

42. General Principles of School Administration
must be democratic
must be cooperative in character
to be effective … must be scientific
must be based on accepted educational philosophy
must be creative
must evaluate in the light of results
must run parallel throughout the system
must be preventive and constructive
must be centered on child growth & development
must be flexible

43. Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Autocratic
Thinks he can sit
by himself and
see all angles of
problems.
Democratic
Realizes the
potential power
in thirty or fifty
brains.

44. Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Autocratic
Does not know
how to use the
experience of
others
Democratic
Knows how to
utilize that
power

45. Autocratic
Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Democratic
Cannot bear to let
any of the strings
of management
slip duties from his
fingers.
Knows how to
delegate
duties.

46. Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Autocratic
Is so tied to
routine details that
he seldom tackles
his target job
Democratic
Free himself
from routine
details in order
to run his
energy to
creative
leadership.

47. Autocratic
Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Democratic
Is jealous of ideas;
reacts in one of
that several ways
when someone
makes a proposal.
Is quick to
recognize and
praise an idea
comes from
someone else
or others.

48. Autocratic
Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Democratic
Makes decisions
that should have
been made by the
group.
Refers to the
group all
matters that
concern
decisions

49. Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Autocratic
Adopts
paternalistic
attitude
Democratic
Maintains the
position “I”
adviser both on
personal and
professional
matters.

50. Autocratic
Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Democratic
Expects hero-
worship
Wishes to be
respected as
an individual as
he respects
others.

51. Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Autocratic
Does not admit
even to himself
that he is
autocratic
Democratic
Consciously
practices
democratic
practices.

52. Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Autocratic
Sacrifices
everything
teachers, students
involved than with
freedom system
Democratic
Is more
concerned with
the growth or
progress of
individuals.

53. Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Autocratic
Gives others few
opportunities for
leadership as
possible
Democratic
Believes that
every one
should take
responsibility
and exercise
leadership

54. Autocratic
Characteristics of Autocratic and
Democratic Administrator
Democratic
Is greedy for
publicity
Pushes others
into the
foreground so
they become
successful.

55. References
Snowden, P.E. & Gorton, R.A. (2002). School Leadership &
Administration: Important Concepts, Case Studies &
Simulations Edition 6. USA: McGraw-Hill.
https://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=h
eader&q=functions+of+school+administration
https://www.slideshare.net/J-E-N-I/functions-of
administration?qid=586e4352-11b3-4e3c-9d79-
c5c986d7d119&v=&b=&from_search=7
https://www.slideshare.net/charomaynaigan/administration-
and-supervision-in-education

56. Do Right
From the very start
Have purpose in your heart
To do what's right and never question why
Never count the cost
Though everything seems lost
The price for doing right
is sometimes high

57. Do Right
Right is always right
and wrong is always wrong
and we must learn to separate the two
If you love the right
The Lord will give you light
To seek the right in everything you do

58. Do Right
Do right 'til the stars fall
Do right 'til the last call
Do right when there's no one else to stand by you
Do right when you're all alone
Do right though it's never known
Do right since you love the Lord
Do right!
Do right!

59. Thank You
and God
bless!