This PowerPoint Presentation contains some useful information regarding the Shaper machine and the mechanisms used in the same. This is useful specifically more helpful to the GTU students for Mechanical engineering in MP1.

1. By:
1. Priyal Panchal 140050119057
2. Kedar Parekh 140050119058
3. Harshal Parikh 140050119059
4. Anant Parmar 140050119060
5. Ankur Parmar 140050119061

2. SHAPER MACHINEAbout Shaper Machine and it’s operations:
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3. • A shaper is a machine tool that uses reciprocating straight line
motion of the tool and a perpendicular feed of the job or the tool.
• By moving work piece across the path of the reciprocating tool a
flat surface is generated regardless of the shape of the tool.
• Shaping is essentially an inefficient method of metal removal but
the simplicity of the process coupled with short set up tooling
makes it extremely useful for one-off type of jobs.
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5. • 1. Horizontal push cut shapers
• 2. Universal tool room shapers
• 3. Horizontal draw cut shapers
• 4. Travelling head shapers
• 5. Special purpose shapers like gear shapers
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6. • The most common type of
horizontal shaper is the
production push cut shaper.
• This type shaper consist of
frame supported on a base , a
reciprocating ram and a work
table.
• The total construction is
shown in figure.
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8. • A universal shaper is similar to plain production
shaper except that it has a table which can be
tilted to various angles.
• The table can be swiveled around tow horizontal
axes parallel and perpendicular.
• As compared to a standard shaper the universal
shaper can be used to machine a wide.
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10. • The basic difference between push cut and draw cut shaper is that in the
latter type, during cutting stroke the tool is pulled across the work by the
ram instead of being pushed
• There is little tendency for vibration as tensile stress is exerted on the ram
during the cut
• This permits the use of large form tools without resulting in tool chatter on
the work
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12. • A travelling head shaper has a reciprocating ram mounted
on a saddle which travels sideways along head.
• Heavy and unwisely jobs which can not be mounted on the
table of a standard shaper and fed past the tool are held
stationary on the base of this shaper and machined by the
reciprocating ram which is provided with the feed motion.
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14. • A gear shaper is a machine tool for cutting the teeth of internal or
external gears. The name shaper relates to the fact that the cutter
engages the part on the forward stroke and pulls away from the
part on the return stroke, just like the clapper box on a
planer shaper.
• The cutting tool is also gear shaped having the same pitch as the
gear to be cut. However number of cutting teeth must be less than
that of the gear to be cut for internal gears. For external gears the
number of teeth on the cutter is limited only by the size of the
shaping machine. For larger gears the blank is
sometimes gashed to the rough shape to make shaping easier.
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16. Hydraulic Shaper Machine

17. Crank and Slotted Link Mechanism
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20. • The feed for shapers is usually obtained by means of a pawl & ratchet mechanism.
•
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22. • Pawl and ratchet mechanism is used when the shaper table is to be moved through a
small axial distance.
• As shown, the pawl is used to move the table back & forth with the help of an
eccentric pushes the ratchet through one or more teeth in each forward stroke while
it just slides over the ratchet in the backward stroke
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23. • This mechanism is used when the angular movement of the ratchet screw is
converted into linear movement of the sliding member by screw principle.
• The feed rate per stroke can be changed by adjusting the eccentricity of the crank pin
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25. • The size of shaper designates its longest nominal cutting stroke.
• Thus a 600mm shaper has a ram travel to drive a tool across a 600mm long surface.
• A 600mm shaper is able to machine a plane surface of (600x600)mm.
• The feasible size of overhanging ram limits the largest size of shaper.
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26. • Numerous other details are required to specify a shaper.
• Given below are complete specifications of a 450 mm :-
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27. • Length of stroke
• Maximum vertical &
horizontal travel of table
• Maximum distance from table
to ram
• Power of motor
• Approx. wt
• Floor space required
• Strokes per minute
• 450mm
• 515mm &
500mm(respectively)
• 15mm
• 2.25kW / 3 HP
• 1000kg
• (1800x1200)mm
• 15-90 27

28. • Shaper tools are single point tools similar to lathe tools and are
frequently held in same way. The few differences between shaper and
lathe tools are given below...
• The lathe tool is subjected to a uniform, practically constant cutting
pressure, shaper tool has to withstand repeated shocks caused by
cutting strokes...
• The shaper tools generally have larger nose compared to lathe tools to
withstand the shock loading. In many cases the back rake angle is also
made negative...
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29. • A shaper tool is more rigid and heavier than a lathe tool...
• A lathe tool has sufficient side clearance angles as it is to be
continuously fed sideways. In a shaper feed is given only at the end of
stroke hence a smaller clearance angle of the 2-3 degree in enough.
Front clearance 4degree for cast iron and steel. Smaller clearance angles
give strength to the tool...
• In a lathe the effective rake and clearance angles can be varied by
raising or lowering the tip of the tool relative to work piece centre. In a
sharper this is not possible because sharper tools are always clamped
perpendicular to the work piece surface... 29

30. • Roughing and finishing tools.
• Straight and cranked neck tools.
• Left hand and right hand tools.
• Round nose, straight nose and flat nose tools.
• Slot cutting, parting off and side-recessing tools.
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34. In the setting of a shaper m/c, setting of length of stroke, position of stroke,
number of ram cycles, feed rate and position of tool head & clapper box is
involved.
Usually the length of the stroke is adjusted more than the length of the work
piece in case of removing of material from the whole length of work piece, as
the shaper may achieve a good velocity through out the piece. But with a
view to have the job done in less strokes and less time, the length of stroke is
taken as low as possible. 34

35. In addition to stroke length, the position of stroke is also important to
achieve precise shape.
After completing every stroke, the position and length of stroke is changed, if
needed.
Also the angle of stroke or the shaper tool is important. It is controlled by the
angle of clapper box and its movement. The angle is set accordingly to the
shape to be made on the work piece.
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36. The tool head is set to cut the required surface of the work piece. The work
pieces are usually held on a table or fitted in a vise, over the saddle.
• The forces exerted on the work piece during an operation, are directed
against the fixed jaw of vise for rigidity. Here, the false jaws of copper, lead or
brass are held tightly between the jaws of vise and the work piece to prevent
the wear and tear due to the forces to the jaws. 36

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39. THANK YOU
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