SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  2
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
RHETORICAL	DEVICES	/	PERSUASIVE	APPEALS																																																											Mrs.	Lauxman	
	 	 	 	 	 	 	 	 																																												World	Lit.	&	Comp.	I	
Ethos,	Pathos,	Logos:	
Aristotle’s	3	Persuasive	Appeals	(the	pillars	of	persuasion)	
*****************************************************************************************	
2,300	years	ago,	Aristotle	wrote	down	the	secret	to	being	a	persuasive	speaker	-	the	secret	which	formed	the	
basis	for	nearly	every	public	speaking	book	written	ever	since.	
*****************************************************************************************	
What	are	Ethos,	Pathos,	and	Logos?	
§ Ethos:		 credibility	(or	character)	of	the	speaker;	speaker	establishes	him/herself	as	an	ETHICAL	person.	
§ Pathos:		 emotional	connection	to	the	audience;	speaker	appeals	to	audience’s	EMOTIONS.	
§ Logos:		 logical	argument;	speaker	appeals	to	audience’s	sense	of	reasoning/LOGIC.	
*****************************************************************************************	
Together,	they	are	the	three	persuasive	appeals.	By	incorporating	each	of	these	into	a	persuasive	
speech/presentation,	the	speaker	drastically	increases	his/her	chances	of	persuading	an	audience.	
*****************************************************************************************	
On	Rhetoric	by	Aristotle	–	The	origin	of	Ethos,	Pathos,	Logos	
	
Written	in	the	4th	century	B.C.E.,	the	Greek	philosopher	Aristotle	compiled	his	thoughts	on	the	art	of	
rhetoric	(the	art	of	persuasion)	into	On	Rhetoric,	including	his	theory	on	the	three	persuasive	appeals.	
	
ETHOS	
Before	you	can	convince	an	audience	to	accept	anything	you	say,	they	have	to	accept	you	as	
credible/ethical.	
• Does	the	audience	respect	you?	
• Does	the	audience	believe	you	are	of	good	character?	
• Does	the	audience	believe	you	are	generally	trustworthy?	
• Does	the	audience	believe	you	are	an	authority	on	the	topic?	
*Ethos	is	your	level	of	credibility	as	perceived	by	your	audience.	
	
PATHOS	
Pathos	is	the	quality	of	a	persuasive	presentation	which	appeals	to	the	emotions	of	the	audience.	
• Do	your	words/visuals	evoke	feelings	of	…	love?	…fear?	…sympathy?		...	patriotism?			etc.	
*Pathos	is	your	ability	to	trigger	an	emotional	response	from	the	audience.	
	
LOGOS	
Logos	is	synonymous	with	a	logical	argument.	
• Does	your	message	make	sense?	
• Is	your	message	based	on	facts,	statistics,	and	evidence?	
*Logos	is	your	ability	to	align	your	message	with	your	audience’s	sense	of	logic.	
	
*****************************************************************************************	
*Aristotle	believed	that	logos	is	the	most	important	of	the	appeals.	However,	Aristotle	also	stated	that	
logos	alone	is	not	sufficient;	all	three	persuasive	appeals	are	necessary	to	effectively	persuade	an	audience.		
Wait.	There’s	more…
Besides	ETHOS,	PATHOS,	AND	LOGOS,	check	out	these	other	Rhetorical	Devices	of	Persuasion…	
	
PARALLEL	STRUCTURE	(or	PARALLELISM)	
A	similarity/repetition	of	structure	in	a	pair	or	series	of	related	words,	phrases,	or	clauses.	
	
EXAMPLES:	
"Let	every	nation	know,	whether	it	wishes	us	well	or	ill,	that	we	shall	pay	any	price,	bear	
any	burden,	meet	any	hardship,	support	any	friend,	oppose	any	foe	to	assure	the	survival	
and	the	success	of	liberty."	--	John	F.	Kennedy,	Inaugural	Address	
"I've	tried	to	offer	leadership	to	the	Democratic	Party	and	the	Nation.	If,	in	my	high	
moments,	I	have	done	some	good,	offered	some	service,	shed	some	light,	healed	some	
wounds,	rekindled	some	hope,	or	stirred	someone	from	apathy	and	indifference,	or	in	any	
way	along	the	way	helped	somebody,	then	this	campaign	has	not	been	in	vain."		--	Jesse	
Jackson,	1984	Democratic	National	Convention	Address	
"We	have	seen	the	state	of	our	Union	in	the	endurance	of	rescuers,	working	past	
exhaustion.		We've	seen	the	unfurling	of	flags,	the	lighting	of	candles,	the	giving	of	blood,	
the	saying	of	prayers	--	in	English,	Hebrew,	and	Arabic."	-	George	W.	Bush,	Address	to	the	
Nation	on	Terrorism	9/20/01	
"...and	that	government	of	the	people,	by	the	people,	for	the	people,	shall	not	perish	from	
the	earth."	--	Abraham	Lincoln,	Gettysburg	Address		
You	have	modernized	your	economy,	harnessed	your	rivers,	diversified	your	industry,	
liberalized	your	trade,	electrified	your	farms,	accelerated	your	rate	of	growth,	and	
improved	the	living	standards	of	your	people."	--	John	F.	Kennedy,	Address	to	the	Irish	
Parliament		
	
	
	
	
	
	
"We	have	petitioned	and	our	petitions	have	been	scorned.	We	have	entreated	and	our	
entreaties	have	been	disregarded.	We	have	begged	and	they	have	mocked	when	our	
calamity	came.	We	beg	no	longer.	We	entreat	no	more.	We	petition	no	more.	We	defy	
them."		--	William	Jennings	Bryan	
*****************************************************************************************	
	
RHETORICAL	QUESTIONS	
Questions	whose	answers	are	so	obvious,	no	answer	is	needed;	used	to	influence	an	audience;	
to	lead	them	to	arrive	at	the	desired	result	
	
	
EXAMPLES:	
	
"Must	I	argue	the	wrongfulness	of	slavery?	–	Frederick	Douglass	
“If	you	prick	us,	do	we	not	bleed?	If	you	poison	us,	do	we	not	die?”	–	Shakespeare	(Merchant	of	Venice)	
“Thou	art	thyself,	though	not	a	Montague?”	–	Shakespeare	(The	Tragedy	of	Romeo	and	Juliet)

Contenu connexe

En vedette (9)

Late night with lawrence
Late night with lawrenceLate night with lawrence
Late night with lawrence
 
JC Life Map
JC Life MapJC Life Map
JC Life Map
 
Complex Sentence Printed Notes
Complex Sentence Printed NotesComplex Sentence Printed Notes
Complex Sentence Printed Notes
 
Shakespeare Bio. Notes
Shakespeare Bio. NotesShakespeare Bio. Notes
Shakespeare Bio. Notes
 
JC Major Events by Act
JC Major Events by ActJC Major Events by Act
JC Major Events by Act
 
Simple Sentences - Printed Notes
Simple Sentences - Printed NotesSimple Sentences - Printed Notes
Simple Sentences - Printed Notes
 
Beginning of the year conference
Beginning of the year conferenceBeginning of the year conference
Beginning of the year conference
 
10 Tools to Personalize Learning
10 Tools to Personalize Learning10 Tools to Personalize Learning
10 Tools to Personalize Learning
 
Google = stress free.pptx
Google = stress free.pptxGoogle = stress free.pptx
Google = stress free.pptx
 

Plus de Keri Lauxman (9)

JC Life Map
JC Life MapJC Life Map
JC Life Map
 
Bb module 1 task 3 writing assignment - 10
Bb module 1  task 3 writing assignment - 10Bb module 1  task 3 writing assignment - 10
Bb module 1 task 3 writing assignment - 10
 
Bb module 1 task 3 writing assignment - 9
Bb module 1  task 3 writing assignment - 9Bb module 1  task 3 writing assignment - 9
Bb module 1 task 3 writing assignment - 9
 
Connect the dots option.docx
Connect the dots option.docxConnect the dots option.docx
Connect the dots option.docx
 
Crafty Text Annotated Slide
Crafty Text Annotated SlideCrafty Text Annotated Slide
Crafty Text Annotated Slide
 
ThingLink Annotated Slide
ThingLink Annotated SlideThingLink Annotated Slide
ThingLink Annotated Slide
 
Padlet Notes
Padlet NotesPadlet Notes
Padlet Notes
 
ThingLink Annotated Slide
ThingLink Annotated SlideThingLink Annotated Slide
ThingLink Annotated Slide
 
Ten things to know about digital learners
Ten things to know about digital learnersTen things to know about digital learners
Ten things to know about digital learners
 

Dernier

Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please PractiseSpellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
AnaAcapella
 

Dernier (20)

ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
 
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding  Accommodations and ModificationsUnderstanding  Accommodations and Modifications
Understanding Accommodations and Modifications
 
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptxHow to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
How to setup Pycharm environment for Odoo 17.pptx
 
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
How to Create and Manage Wizard in Odoo 17
 
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
Making communications land - Are they received and understood as intended? we...
 
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
Beyond_Borders_Understanding_Anime_and_Manga_Fandom_A_Comprehensive_Audience_...
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdfUnit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please PractiseSpellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
Spellings Wk 3 English CAPS CARES Please Practise
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
 
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning PresentationSOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
SOC 101 Demonstration of Learning Presentation
 
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning ExhibitSociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
Sociology 101 Demonstration of Learning Exhibit
 
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptxInterdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
Interdisciplinary_Insights_Data_Collection_Methods.pptx
 
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
Sensory_Experience_and_Emotional_Resonance_in_Gabriel_Okaras_The_Piano_and_Th...
 
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
Spatium Project Simulation student briefSpatium Project Simulation student brief
Spatium Project Simulation student brief
 
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
Mehran University Newsletter Vol-X, Issue-I, 2024
 
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
Accessible Digital Futures project (20/03/2024)
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 

Rhetorical Devices - Persuasive Appeals