Bangsamoro and their Self Determination

Bangsa Moro and their
Self-determination

Objectivesa. Identify the Nature of Bangsamoro;
b. Analyze the historical
experiences of Bangsamoro;
c. Value the different peace
initiatives for the Bangsamoro
entity.

Islamization of the Philippines
• The coming of an Arab Trader-
Tuan Mashaika- in Maimbung,
Sulu and founded an Islamic
Community.
• 1380, an Arab missionary –
Karimul Makhdum – founded the
first Mosque in Simunul, Sulu

• In 1390, Rajah Baguinda, from the
trading post of Borney/Sumatra
settled in Sulu and Founded Islam
community. (Agoncillo, 1990)
• Years after, Abu Bakr from Sumatra,
married the daughter of Rajah
Baguinda which later on practice
legitimacy of inheritance rule and
Founded the Sultanate of Sulu.

In 1515, Sharif Kabunsuan – Islam
missionary- arrived in Maguindanao and
propagated the Islamic community in
Minandanao.

Muslims under the Spanish
Conquest
In Mindanao, the Moro
relentlessly fought against
Western colonialism for a
span of more than 300 years.
The Spanish invasion and colonial
aggression the Spain imposes the rule
of Royal Decree (later on imposed as
the Regalian Doctrine) that all the all
the land of the Colonial Island belongs
to the Monarchy of Spain. (Alim, 2000)

American Rule and Muslims
The Moro people fiercely fought
against American imperialism. However,
unlike colonial predecessor, the
Americans did not solely depend on the
use of military force and divide-and-rule
tactics to quell the Moro resistance but
used the Policy of Attraction.

American Rule and Muslims
Bangsa Moro lost their lands because of
the Torrens land titling system,
acculturated foreign culture due to the
public school system, and indigenous
political system was replaced with the
colonial policy.

Post-Colonial Period
and the BangsaMoro
While the Filipinos of Luzon and
Visayas joyfully celebrated the
birth of independence the
Bangsa Moro considered the
event as the continuing of their
own freedom, independence
and long-held sovereignty due
to influx of other migrants in
Luzon and Visayas.

The Birth of
Bangsa Moro Groups
To counter the Muslim resistance
which was Mobilized by the
Baracuda group, some migrants
formed an armed group, the Ilaga,
to protect their interests, On the
other hand, the Moro people
organized their own defense force
The short-lived and traditional-
leaders-led Mindanao
Independence Movement (MIM).

The Plot of Operation Merdeka
The secret operation Merdeka in
1967 is a plan to regain back the
Sabah claims which was existed way
1922 by the Sultanate of Sulu. This
plot was exposed by the critiques of
former President Marcos.

Bangsa Moro Groups
Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) – An
Islamic separatist group to seek
independent rule or autonomous region
for Filipino Muslims in 1972. They were
also the group in the discussion table of the
Philippine Government in the Tripoli
Agreement.

Bangsa Moro Groups
The Marcos government was pressured
from both within the country and outside to
stop the costly war. The war has become
known in Muslim countries especially the
OIC (Organization of Islamic
Conference).

Bangsa Moro Groups
The Moro Islamic Liberation Front
(MILF) is another Islamic group founded
by Hashim Salamat in 19877 after the
disputes in peace negations and ideals
in the agreements for Mindanao. This
group is based in central Mindanao and
was on the peace negations in Noynoy
Aquino’s move in drafting the
Bangsamoro Basic Law.

Bangsa Moro Groups
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
(BIFF), is another separatist Islamic group
that breaks ties with the MILF founded by
Ameril Umbra Kato in 2008.

Bangsamoro Organic Law
President Rodrigo Duterte approves the
Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL), creating
the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in
Muslim Mindanao.
(Contents: CNN Philippines)

The Organic Law abolishes the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM), Officials have earlier called the
ARMM a failure, marred by corruption and
mismanagement.

In the BARMM, the residents of the
Parliamentary-democratic legislative will
elect an 80-member parliament
representing different parties, districts, and
sectors, including indigenous peoples. The
members of the parliament will then elect a
chief minister and two deputy chief
ministers among themselves. The chief
minister shall also appoint members of his
Cabinet.

For the judiciary, regions give Shari'ah
courts jurisdiction over cases exclusively
involving Muslims in the region. The
Organic Law gives the Supreme Court the
authority to grant the incumbent Shari'ah
District and Court judges as to how it will be
qualified. The Tribal rules will still be
followed.

The Organic stated that the region will have
an automatic allocation of the annual block
grant, equivalent to five percent of the net
national internal revenue of the Bureau of
Internal Revenue and the Bureau of
Customs.

The region's share in government revenue
taxes, fees, charges, and taxes imposed on
natural resources will increase to 75
percent from the current 70 percent.

The national government will also allocate
the Bangsamoro P5 billion annually for a
period of ten years, which will be used for
the rehabilitation of conflict-affected
areas.

The plebiscite five months after the
approval will be held to determine if if 39
barangays in North Cotabato, six
municipalities in Lanao del Norte, and the
cities of Cotabato in Maguindanao and
Isabela in Basilan will be included in the
Bangsamoro territory. But the ARMM will
automatically cover the Bangsamoro
territory.

Contiguous areas may also be
included in the Bangsamoro territory if
there is a local government resolution
or a petition where at least 10 percent
of registered voters seek to join the
plebiscite.

Members of the MNLF and MILF may
be admitted to the police force. The
qualifications for age, height, and
educational attainment may be waived
if availed within five years after the
ratification of the OLBARMM. Recruits
from the two rebel groups must fulfill
the requirement on educational
attainment within 15 years.

The President will then appoint 80
members to the Bangsamoro
Transition Authority (BTA), which
automatically includes the incumbent
officials of the Regional Government.
There must also be representatives for
non-Moro indigenous communities,
youth, women, settler communities,
traditional leaders, and other sectors.

The first local elections will be held in
2022. The BTA will be dissolved once
elected officials assume office.

The Bangsamoro government will
have an asymmetrical relationship
with the national government, as the
BARMM will have more autonomy than
other regions in the country.

The national government will retain
powers over constitutional and
national matters such as foreign affairs
and defense, the Bangsamoro
government will have exclusive powers
over some areas including budgeting,
administration of justice, agriculture
and other powers.

Bangsamoro and their Self Determination

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