Lecture 08: Islamic Architecture in India_Mughal Dynasty
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This is a class lecture on Islamic Architecture in India. Architecture of Mughal Dynasty has covered in this lecture. Course Title: Architectural Heritage-IV Architecture Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna
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Lecture 08: Islamic Architecture in India_Mughal Dynasty
- 1. Arch 2205 | Architectural Heritage – IV | Part-B | Kowshik Roy | Part Time Lecturer | Architecture Discipline | Khulna University | Islamic Architecture in India Mughal Dynasty 1526–1540 AD & 1555–1857 AD(?)
- 2. 4/27/2017 2 Before Mughal Dynasty Slave (Ghulam/Mamluk) Dynasty (1206- 1290 AD) Khilji Dynasty (1290- 1320 AD) Tughlaq Dynasty (13201- 1413 AD) Sayyid Dynasty (1414 - 1451 AD) Lodi Dynasty (1451 - 1526 AD)
- 3. 4/27/2017 3 Babur, the First Mughal in India Ibrahim Lodi the last ruler of Lodi Dynasty Lost at First Battle of Panipath Babur the founder of Mughal Dynasty Mughal derived from the Arabic and Persian corruption of Mongol
- 4. 4/27/2017 4 Figure 01: Babur’s Ancestor Tamerlane (Turkish Leader) Babur (Founder of Mughal Empire) Nigar KhanumOmar Sk Mirza Chengis Khan (Mongol Conqueror) Babur, the First Mughal in India
- 5. 4/27/2017 5 Babur, the First Mughal in India
- 6. 4/27/2017 6 Babur (1483-1530 AD) • ‘Babur’ a Persian Word, means Tiger • At age 12, succeeded his father as sovereign of Fergana (now in Uzbekistan) • Established himself at Kabul in 1504, having lost Fergana the year before • From Kabul made repeated attempts to conquer Samarqand, the capital of his Timurid ancestors. • Interested & impressed with the garden, mosque, palace of Samarqand. Babur, the First Mughal in India Figure 02: Protrait of Babur
- 7. 4/27/2017 7 • Defeated by Uzbek leader Shaybani, and finally lost both Fargana & Samarqand. • 1504 AD Dominate Kabul & later entire Afghanistan • 1513 AD with the help of Ismail Safari, Persian Leader Conquer Samarqand, again defeated by Uzbek. All this failure result - Attempt to leave from his own territory Babur, the First Mughal in India
- 8. 4/27/2017 8 Babur, the First Mughal in India Fergana Samarkand Kabul Delhi Figure 03: Regions ruled by Babur
- 9. 4/27/2017 9 Reasons to Invade India • Unstable political & social condition at INDIA Kashmir, Jainpur, Meber, Gugrat ware fighting with each other Lack of Central Power Ibrahim Lody dominated partially Panjub, Ganga-jamna, Doyab • Invitation of Doulot Khan lody, ruler of Lahore to invade India • The extreme desire of Babur after capturing Kabul to conquer India Babur, the First Mughal in India
- 10. 4/27/2017 10 Figure 04: Babur’s route to India from Fargana Babur, the First Mughal in India
- 11. 4/27/2017 11 Figure 04: First battle of Panipath Babur, the First Mughal in India
- 12. 4/27/2017 12 India from Babur’s Perspective “Hindustan is a country that has few pleasures to recommend it …… The people have … no ingenuity or mechanical invention in planning or executing their handicraft works no skill or knowledge in design or architecture ……. no grapes no melons, no good fruits, no ice or cold water …. …. There is an excessive quantity of earth and dust flying about” “But a convenience of Hindustan is that the workmen of every profession and trade are innumerable and without end” Babur, the First Mughal in India
- 13. 4/27/2017 13 Mughal Dynasty Ruler Reign Notes Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur (1526 – 1530) Founder of Mughal Empire Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun (1530 –1540) Ascended and Exiled Nasir-ud-din Muhammad Humayun (1555 -1556) Recaptured Delhi Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (1556 –1605) The King of Builders Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim Jahangir (1605 –1627) Introduced marbel as a buildig material of Mughals Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram Shah-Jahan ( 1627–1658 ) Built Taj Mahal Muhy-ud-din Muhammad Aurangzeb (1658 –1707) Ensured largest territory under Mughals
- 14. 4/27/2017 14 Mughal Dynasty Babur (1526-30) Humayun 1530-56) Kamran Hindan Ashkary Akbar 1556-1605) Md. Hakim Jahangir (1605-1627) Murad Daniel Khasru Parvez Shahjahan (1627-1658) Shahriar Dara Suza Aurangazeb (1658-1707) Murad
- 15. 4/27/2017 15 Mughal Dynasty Figure 05: Regions ruled by the Mughals
- 16. 4/27/2017 16 Bagh-I-Nilufar (Lotus Garden) Dholpur, Rajasthan-1527-29 AD 50 km south of Agra, atop the red sandstone ridge that looms high above the CHAMBAL river. A centrally large Lotus-shaped pool and other pools. Symmetrical garden divided into four quarters by course of running water – introduced by Babur in India A mosque, bath, well, 26 rock spouts, water courses, stone platform. Melon brought from Kabul Grapes were introduced Grafted trees Flower of various color
- 17. 4/27/2017 17 Bagh-I Hasht Bihisht (Garden of Eight Paradises) Agara 1527 AD Located at the East bank of Jamuna river Served main residence and court Timurid-Persian Scheme – garden subdivided into four quarters by raised walkway and canals Regularly ordered and symmetrical Included bath, a large tank, and audience hall and a private dwelling • Persian water wheel with deep steeped wells called ‘Baolis’ • Bath pipe with hot and cold water- inside such bath the heat and flying dust are shut out.