2. Definition of basic terms
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Occupation
A grouping of jobs involving similar content in terms of
tasks and requiring similar types of skills
Job
A set of tasks and duties executed or meant to be
executed by one person
Learning outcomes
Statements of what a learner knows, understands and is
able to do on completion of a learning process,
defined in terms of knowledge, skills and competences
3. Problem addressed
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Decoupling the description of jobs, learning
outcomes and courses
Designing courses, based on learning outcomes, that
would meet the specific needs of jobs
Provide a mechanism that would automatically
extract information from job profiles that could be
used for the design of courses
4. Ontology
An ontology is usually defined as “a formal, explicit specification of
a shared conceptualization” (Gruber, 1993).
A “conceptualization” refers to an abstract model of some phenomenon
in the world, which identifies the relevant concepts of that phenomenon.
“Explicit” means that the type of concepts used and the constraints on
their use are explicitly defined.
“Formal” refers to the fact that the ontology should be machine
readable.
“Shared” reflects the notion that an ontology captures consensual
knowledge, that is, it is not private of some individual, but accepted by a
group.
An ontology is a structure of knowledge, used as a means of
knowledge sharing within a community of heterogeneous entities.
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5. Methodology and tools
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The software used for the development of the ontology is Protégé 4.1
Ontology Editor and Knowledge Acquisition System (OWL DL language).
The basic steps followed for the comprehension and construction of the
ontology are (Noy and McGuiness, 2001).:
Step 1: Determine the domain and scope of the ontology
Step 2: Consider reusing existing ontologies
Step 3: Enumerate important terms in the ontology
Step 4: Define the classes and the class hierarchy
Step 5: Define the properties of classes
Step 6: Define the data properties of the classes
Step 7: Create instances
Step 8: Evaluate the ontology by implementing DL Queries
6. Step 1: scope
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The ontology connects the three out of four dimensions
of which the European e-Competence Framework (e-CF)
consists
d1: e-Competence areas,
d2: e-Competences,
d3: e-Competence Proficiency Levels
d4: knowledge and skills was not included
Then, the aim is to relate the term “Job Profiles” with
concepts that already exist in the ontology, e.g. “levels”
and “competences”, as for every Job Profile there are
specific competences combined with specific levels
7. Step 2: consider reuse
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At the time of ontology engineering, no existing
ontology that would satisfy these specific
requirements was located
8. Step 3: important terms
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For the main structure the terms introduced are: E-cf
Proficiency Level, EQF Proficiency Level,
eCompetences, Job Profiles
11. Step 7: instances
eCompetences (36 in total)
Enable
Sales Management etc.
Plan
Service Level Management
etc.
Build
Design and Development etc.
Run
User Support etc.
Manage
Business Change Management
etc.
Proficiency Level
EQF Proficiency Level
EQF3, EQF4, EQF5, EQF6,
EQF7, EQF8
eCF Proficiency Level
e1, e2, e3, e4, e5
JobProfiles
Digital Animator
Web Master
Web Designer
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