Electronic pressure sensors used in aircraft
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This report is prepared using different types of pressure measuring sensors that use in aviation. There are different categories of pressure sensors and different applications.
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ELECTRONIC PRESSURE SENSORS USED IN AVIATION
1 INTRODUCTION
Pressure sensing instruments are located in the aircraft in the flight group and the engine group.
They can be used to measure pressure directly as well as remotely. These measuring
instruments need to be accurate for the safe flight.
There are two types of pressure measurements as gauge pressure and absolute pressure. Also,
the pressure measuring instruments can be fully mechanical based instruments or electronic
instruments based on the design. There are three fundamental pressure-sensing mechanisms
used in aircraft instrument systems as bourdon tube, the diaphragm or bellow and solid-state
sensing device and all of these systems are mechanically operated.
Pressure measurement instruments are used to measure engine oil pressure, engine pressure
ratio (EPR), Fuel pressure, hydraulic pressure, vacuum pressure and used in Pitot-static system
that contain airspeed indicator (ASI), Vertical speed indicator (VSI) and Altimeter.
2 AIR DATA COMPARERS (ADC) AND DIGITAL AIR DATA COMPUTER
(DADC)
Air data comparers and digital air data computers are received data from different sensors
located remotely in the aircraft and processes the input and display on the flight display. The
output from analog sensors pre-processed but the output from the solid-state sensors can be
handled directly. With the change of altitude and airspeed, it’s difficult to get the consistent
static pressure input. So that many aircrafts have ADC specially in the glass cockpit aircrafts
[1].
3 ELECTRONIC SENSORS
Ease of control of aircraft systems and accurate feedback systems are used in the aircrafts by
using electronic sensors. They can be used to monitor, control and navigation, thus electronic
systems play an important role in modern aviation [2].
There are solid-state sensors such as crystalline piezoelectric, piezoresistive or semiconductor
chip sensors can be used. When there is a change of pressure that causes a deflection in the
material resulting in a current or change in resistance and that is proportional to the pressure
change [3].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/electronicpressuresensorsusedinaircraft-190908112147/85/Electronic-pressure-sensors-used-in-aircraft-1-320.jpg)
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Crystalline piezoelectric pressure sensors use piezoelectric effect to measure changes in
pressure by converting them to an electrical signal. There is a thin membrane and a massive
base in pressure sensor. The disadvantage is pressure sensor that shows incorrect results when
they expose to vibration [4].
Piezoresistive pressure sensors use the change of resistance to the flow of current when the
materials get compressed or stretched [5]. There are several sensors that are used in aircraft
industry. Firms like Esterline Corp. and Custom Control Sensors make pressure sensors for
aviation industry [2].
Esterline Corp had developed pressure sensors using vibrating cylinder technology, which is
known as most accurate and stable pressure sensor. This sensor has pressure range from 130kPa
to 5MPa with the temperature range -55⁰C to 125⁰C. Typically this sensor used as air data
(ADCs), Air Data Test Sets (ADTS) & Engine Controls (FADEC) [6].
Another sensor from Esterline Corp has developed using piezoresistive technology. This
sensor can be used to measure absolute differential, relative or multi-pressure measurements.
And also, this has lighting protection capability [6].
Figure 1 - Vibrating Cylinder Pressure Sensors
Figure 2 - SOI Piezoresistive Technology](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Electronic pressure sensors used in aircraft
- 1. 1 ELECTRONIC PRESSURE SENSORS USED IN AVIATION 1 INTRODUCTION Pressure sensing instruments are located in the aircraft in the flight group and the engine group. They can be used to measure pressure directly as well as remotely. These measuring instruments need to be accurate for the safe flight. There are two types of pressure measurements as gauge pressure and absolute pressure. Also, the pressure measuring instruments can be fully mechanical based instruments or electronic instruments based on the design. There are three fundamental pressure-sensing mechanisms used in aircraft instrument systems as bourdon tube, the diaphragm or bellow and solid-state sensing device and all of these systems are mechanically operated. Pressure measurement instruments are used to measure engine oil pressure, engine pressure ratio (EPR), Fuel pressure, hydraulic pressure, vacuum pressure and used in Pitot-static system that contain airspeed indicator (ASI), Vertical speed indicator (VSI) and Altimeter. 2 AIR DATA COMPARERS (ADC) AND DIGITAL AIR DATA COMPUTER (DADC) Air data comparers and digital air data computers are received data from different sensors located remotely in the aircraft and processes the input and display on the flight display. The output from analog sensors pre-processed but the output from the solid-state sensors can be handled directly. With the change of altitude and airspeed, it’s difficult to get the consistent static pressure input. So that many aircrafts have ADC specially in the glass cockpit aircrafts [1]. 3 ELECTRONIC SENSORS Ease of control of aircraft systems and accurate feedback systems are used in the aircrafts by using electronic sensors. They can be used to monitor, control and navigation, thus electronic systems play an important role in modern aviation [2]. There are solid-state sensors such as crystalline piezoelectric, piezoresistive or semiconductor chip sensors can be used. When there is a change of pressure that causes a deflection in the material resulting in a current or change in resistance and that is proportional to the pressure change [3].
- 2. 2 Crystalline piezoelectric pressure sensors use piezoelectric effect to measure changes in pressure by converting them to an electrical signal. There is a thin membrane and a massive base in pressure sensor. The disadvantage is pressure sensor that shows incorrect results when they expose to vibration [4]. Piezoresistive pressure sensors use the change of resistance to the flow of current when the materials get compressed or stretched [5]. There are several sensors that are used in aircraft industry. Firms like Esterline Corp. and Custom Control Sensors make pressure sensors for aviation industry [2]. Esterline Corp had developed pressure sensors using vibrating cylinder technology, which is known as most accurate and stable pressure sensor. This sensor has pressure range from 130kPa to 5MPa with the temperature range -55⁰C to 125⁰C. Typically this sensor used as air data (ADCs), Air Data Test Sets (ADTS) & Engine Controls (FADEC) [6]. Another sensor from Esterline Corp has developed using piezoresistive technology. This sensor can be used to measure absolute differential, relative or multi-pressure measurements. And also, this has lighting protection capability [6]. Figure 1 - Vibrating Cylinder Pressure Sensors Figure 2 - SOI Piezoresistive Technology
- 3. 3 Also, there are several sensors that were developed by Custom Control Sensors. These transducers are used to measure gauge pressure, absolute pressure and differential pressure [7]. Figure 3 - TRG Series Gauge Pressure Transducer
- 4. 4 4 REFERENCES [1] “Aviation MaintHandbook,” [Online]. Available: http://www.sweethaven02.com/Aviation/MaintHandbook/ama_Ch10.pdf. [Accessed 23 February 2019]. [2] S. Theo, “Sensors that add strength to aviation and aerospace,” electronicsforu.com, 17 September 2018. [Online]. Available: https://electronicsforu.com/market-verticals/sensors- strength-aviation-aerospace. [Accessed 23 February 2019]. [3] E. Olson, “What you need to know about aircraft sensors,” Electronics360, 27 September 2017. [Online]. Available: https://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/9934/what-you-need- to-know-about-aircraft-sensors. [Accessed 23 February 2019]. [4] T. Stilson, “3.1 Piezoelectric Sensors,” Input/Data Acquisition System Design for Human Computer Interfacing, 17 October 1996. [Online]. Available: http://soundlab.cs.princeton.edu/learning/tutorials/sensors/node7.html. [Accessed 23 February 2019]. [5] I. David, “How Do Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors Work?,” SCIENCING, 24 April 2017. [Online]. Available: https://sciencing.com/piezoresistive-pressure-sensors-work- 4609318.html. [Accessed 23 February 2019]. [6] “Pressure Products,” Esterline, 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.esterline.com/advancedsensors/Products/PressureProducts.aspx. [Accessed 23 February 2019]. [7] “Aerospace and Defence, Pressure sensors,” Custom Control Sensors, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.ccsdualsnap.com/product- selector/?fwp_industrial=aerospace&fwp_instrumentation=pressure-transducer. [Accessed 23 February 2019].