Types of Speeches

ORAL COMMUNICATION
Lance Campano
Prepared by
Course Subject Description: The
development of listening and speaking
skills and strategies for effective
communication in various situations.

MOTIVATION
Have you seen and
heard someone
delivering a speech?
Have you
experienced
delivering one?

SPEECH
Refers to a formal address
or discourse delivered in front
of an audience.
It exemplifies the speech
context of public
communication.

TYPES OF SPEECHES
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
A speaker delivers a speech based
on the purpose he or she wants to
achieve. These purposes are called
the goals of speech.

INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Also known as expository speech
It has the purpose of providing
information, history, theories,
practical applications, and etc. that
the can help the listeners understand
something unknown or not clearly
understood to them.

INFORMATIVE SPEECH
Helps audience to understand the
topic in a more in-depth manner by
providing the following in an
organized way: new data, data that are
not readily available to everyone, or
data already known by the audience
but looked in a different way.

EXAMPLES:
“Learning Loss and Its
Consequences”
“History of Information and
Communication Technology
in the Philippines”
Orientation for senior high
school students

PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Its purpose is to change
the listeners’ opinion,
attitude, or belief regarding
a certain topic by providing
materials that can or will
help convince the listener.

PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Must be supported by
evidences such as statistics,
experts’ testimonies, and
cause and effect.

EXAMPLES:
“Save Earth, Save
Humanity”
“Why Should Divorce be
Legalized?”
Sales pitch in a direct
selling company

ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
Its purpose is mainly
to make the audience
smile or feel lighthearted
after the speech.
Usually elicit laughter
from the audience

Must lead the audience
into looking at something
familiar in a different and
humorous light

Comparisons and contrasts,
especially with something strange
or unusual
Highlighting quirks of well-
known personages and applying
them to regular people

Assigning human characteristics
to inanimate objects
Word play and puns
Giving funny meanings to words,
acronyms, and anagrams

EXAMPLES:
After-dinner speech
“Different Types of
Teachers”
“The Reasons Why I
Am Single”

GUIDELINES:
Message must be prepared at the
level of knowledge of the speaker.
It must be tailored to fit the level
of knowledge of the audience.
It must respect socio-cultural
backgrounds.

TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING
TO MANNER OF DELIVERY
Speech can be classified based
on the manner of delivery or the
way the speech is given before
an audience.

MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
refers to an address or
discourse wherein the
speaker prepares a
written speech and reads
it in front of an audience.

MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
This type of speech happens when
the speaker cannot afford to commit
any mistake or when the script has to
be read exactly as written.
Usually in formal speech context

MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
State Of the Nation Address
(SONA)
Plenary speech
Presentation of scientific papers
in conferences

TIPS IN DELIVERING
A MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
Maintain a conversational tone
Periodically look at your audience
Use words that can be understood
by the audience

TIPS IN DELIVERING
A MANUSCRIPT SPEECH
Read or speak with emotion and try
to act with spontaneity
Highlight key words in the
manuscript and emphasize them
during the speech

MEMORIZED SPEECH
refers to an address
or discourse wherein
the speech is
committed to memory
and is word-for-word
recited from memory.

MEMORIZED SPEECH
Usually sounds mechanical and is
seldom recommended
The most common problem is
forgetting the lines. As a speaker this
problem should be addressed very
quickly or without letting the audience
notice it.

MEMORIZED SPEECH
Oratorical contests
require contestants to
memorize their speech
thoroughly.

TIPS IN DELIVERING
A MEMORIZED SPEECH
Add expression in your voice.
Have a direct eye contact with the
audience.
Try to show act with spontaneity.

IMPROMPTU SPEECH
A speech delivered with
little or no preparation and is
neither written nor rehearsed
Usually about something
one already knew or
experienced

IMPROMPTU SPEECH
Most wedding toasts are impromptu.
Short birthday speech or message
for the celebrant
Usually in an impromptu speech, the
speaker is asked to answer a question.

TIPS IN DELIVERING
AN IMPROMPTU SPEECH
Speech is short but has an
introduction, body, and conclusion.
Say only what is relevant.
Organize your thoughts even with
little preparation.

EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
Refers to speaking
from an outline of
ideas written on a note
card or small sheet of
paper.

The speaker is given enough
time to prepare the outline of
one’s speech unlike an
impromptu speech with little or
no preparation.

TIPS IN DELIVERING AN
Do some research.
Have enough practice
delivering the speech to gain self-
confidence.

MOTIVATION
”Before anything else,
preparation is the key to
success.”
–Alexander Graham Bell.
In communication, how
should one prepare a
speech?

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING
Choosing the Topic
Analyzing the Audience
Sourcing the Information
Outlining and Organizing
the Speech Content

FIRST PRINCIPLE:
CHOOSING THE TOPIC
Timely
Interesting
New
Controversial

FIRST PRINCIPLE:
CHOOSING THE TOPIC
Be mindful of culture, gender, age, social
status, and religion when choosing a topic.
It is a good advice to choose a topic that is
in the speaker’s and audience’s level of
knowledge.

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
Get or guess
the demographic
data of the
audience

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
Know the groups to which your audience
belongs
Find out how your audience feels about
the topic (supportive, wavering, or hostile
audience)

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
Find out how the audience feels about
you.
The content and the language of one’s
speech will be greatly affected of one’s
audience.

THIRD PRINCIPLE:
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
Seeking out the
available means for
finding materials to
support the speech.

THIRD PRINCIPLE:
Primary Sources-immediate, first hand-
account of a topic such as documents,
recording, interview, and survey.
Secondary Sources-sources with accounts
that are then, interpreted and analyzed such
as newspapers, and textbooks.

THIRD PRINCIPLE:
Tip: When sourcing information, site
globally acclaimed organizations,
foundations, and agencies e.g. United Nations
(particularly UNICEF, UNESCO, and etc.),
OECD, and etc.; and nationally recognized
agencies and departments in the Philippines.

THIRD PRINCIPLE:
Honest
Reliable
Relevant
Timely
Novelty

FOURTH PRINCIPLE: OUTLINING AND
ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Start with the key points that you want
your audience to remember.
Highlight the most important part of
your speech by giving a thesis statement
and providing supporting details.

Sort the information and organize the
speech itself.
If it is a narrative speech, consider
arranging the events in chronological
outline.

If it is a motivational speech, try using a
problem-solution pattern.
Chronological outline, spatial or
geographical outline, cause and effect
outline, problem-solution outline, and
topical outline

TECHNIQUES FOR WRITING THE SPEECH
Writing the body of the speech first
Writing the introduction of the
speech first
In an extemporaneous speech, only
an introduction or conclusion can be
written in full. The body is in outline
form.

TECHNIQUES FOR WRITING THE SPEECH
The speech, as written, should flow
logically from one point to another.
This logical progression makes it
easy for the speaker to deliver the
speech in full form like the
manuscript or memorized speeches
or in outline form like the impromptu
or extemporaneous speeches.

MOTIVATION
A speech that is
never delivered is
useless. Writing is
just half the
communication
process.

FIRST PRINCIPLE:
ARTICULATION
Speaking with clear and distinct
sounds
Correct way of saying and
pronouncing words

FIRST PRINCIPLE:
ARTICULATION
Proper breathing techniques
together with the correct molding
of sounds that make up words
contribute to efficient articulation.

ARTICULATENESS PRACTICE
I am a Filipino – inheritor of a
glorious past, hostage to the
uncertain future. As such, I must
prove equal to a two-fold task – the
task of meeting my responsibility to
the past and the task of performing
my obligation to the future.

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
MODULATION
Pertains to adjusting or manipulating
the resonance and timbre of one’s
voice as one speaks
Modulating your voice catches your
listeners’ interest and attention.

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
MODULATION
High pitch sounds more exciting
and engaging. It is used when
referring for action, excitement, or
passion.

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
MODULATION
Low pitch conveys authority
and very serious tone of voice.
It conveys confidence.

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
MODULATION
Fast pace sounds more exciting
and engaging but must be clear
(not very fast). It conveys energy
and enthusiasm.

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
MODULATION
Slow pace emphasizes an idea or
concept and makes it land powerfully
in the ease of the listeners. It is used
for tricky and complicated statements.

SECOND PRINCIPLE:
MODULATION
Adjust your modulation based on the
communicative situation. For example,
considering how one will modulate
one’s voice when speaking with a
microphone.

MODULATION PRACTICE
Across the centuries the memory comes rushing
back to me: of brown-skinned men putting out to
sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts were
stout. Over the sea I see them come, borne upon
the billowing wave and the whistling wind, carried
upon the mighty swell of hope–hope in the free
abundance of new land that was to be their home
and their children’s forever.

THIRD PRINCIPLE:
STAGE PRESENCE
Refers to the speaker’s
ability to “own” the stage,
fill the space, and project
his or her personality to
the audience.

THIRD PRINCIPLE:
STAGE PRESENCE
Overcoming stage fright, the opposite of
stage presence
No one is immune from stage fright. Other
people just manage it better and create what
we see as stage presence.

FOURTH PRINCIPLE:
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS,
GESTURES, AND MOVEMENT
Nonverbal communication reinforces,
clarifies, and complements the
message of any speech.

FOURTH PRINCIPLE:
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS,
Facial expressions
should change with the
content of the speech
being delivered.

FOURTH PRINCIPLE:
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS,
Gestures should
emphasize only
certain points.

FOURTH PRINCIPLE:
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, GESTURES, AND
MOVEMENT
Movement should allow the speaker to
carry the speech around, forward, and to the
audience, metaphorically speaking. It should
also the direct the audience to follow the
speaker and keep them hanging on his/her
every word.

FIFTH PRINCIPLE:
AUDIENCE RAPPORT
Connecting with the
audience at a deeper level
Delivering a speech that
appeals to the audience

Types of Speeches

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