2. A sentence is a
grammatical unit
consisting of one or more
words that are
grammatically linked. A
sentence can include
words grouped
meaningfully to express a
3. There are four main types of sentence
Complex
sentences
Compound
sentences
Simple
sentences
Compound-
Complex
Sentences
4. A simple sentence, also
called an independent
clause, contains a
subject and a verb, and
it expresses a complete
thought. In the
following simple
sentences, subjects are
5. Some students like to study in
the mornings.
Juan and Arturo play football
every afternoon.
Alicia goes to the library and
studies every day.
Simple Sentences :-
Examples For
6. A compound sentence contains two
independent clauses joined by a
coordinator. The coordinators
are as follows: for, and, nor,
but, or, yet, so. Except for
very short sentences,
coordinators are always
preceded by a comma. In the
following compound sentences,
7. I tried to speak Spanish, and my
friend tried to speak English.
Alexandra played football, so Maria
went shopping.
Alexandra played football, for
Maria went shopping.
8. A complex sentence has an independent clause
joined by one or more dependent clauses. A
complex sentence always has a subordinator
such as because, since, after, although, or
when or a relative pronoun such as that, who,
or which. In the following complex sentences,
subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and
the subordinators and their commas (when
required) are in red.
9. When he handed in his homework, he forgot
to give the teacher the last page.
The teacher returned the homework after
she noticed the error.
The students are studying because they
have a test tomorrow.
After they finished studying, Juan and
Maria went to the movies.
Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished
studying.
10. sentences containing adjective clauses (or dependent
clauses) are also complex because they contain an
independent clause and a dependent clause.
The woman who called my mom sells cosmetics.
The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.
The house which Abraham Lincoln was born in is still standing.
The town where I grew up is in the United States
11. A compound-complex sentence is made from
two independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses.
Compound-Complex Sentences
12. 1. Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the
time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go
with.
independent clause: "I haven't had the time to go lately"
independent clause: "I haven't found anyone to go with"
dependent clause: "Although I like to go camping... "
Examples For Compound-Complex
Sentences
2. We decided that the movie was too violent, but our
children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we
were wrong.
independent clause: "We decided that the movie was too violent"
independent clause: "(but) our children thought that we were wrong"
dependent clause: who like to watch scary movies
13. Compound-complex sentences are very
common in English, but one mistake
that students often make is to try to
write them without having mastered
the simple sentences, compound
sentences, and complex sentences
first.
Note:
14. Quiz Time
1. Pauline and Bruno have a big argument every
summer over where they should spend their
summer vacation.
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
a)
b)
c)
d)
2. Pauline loves to go to the beach and spend her days
sunbathing.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Sentence Compound-Complex
Sentence Compound-Complex
15. 3. Bruno, on the other hand, likes the view that he gets
from the log cabin up in the mountains, and he enjoys
hiking in the forest.
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
a)
b)
c)
d)
4. Pauline says there is nothing relaxing about chopping
wood, swatting mosquitoes, and cooking over a woodstove.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Sentence Compound-Complex
Sentence Compound-Complex
16. 5. Bruno dislikes sitting on the beach; he always gets a
nasty sunburn.
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
a)
b)
c)
d)
6. Bruno tends to get bored sitting on the beach, watching the
waves, getting sand in his swimsuit, and reading detective novels
for a week.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Simple Sentence
Compound Sentence
Complex Sentence
Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence