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2. PREPOSITIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS
Prepositions and phrasal verbs are the combination of
a preposition with a verb and when combined changes
the meaning of the word, for example.
VERB:
» TURN: Giro
PREPOSITION
» ON: En, sobre.
COMBINED
» Turn on: Encender
in serious prayer: Turn on light

3. with the particle DOWN
CUT: Cortar (verb)
DOWN: Abajo (particle)
Cut down: Reducir
In serious prayer: cut down speed

4. Prepositions often do not alter the meaning of the verb
CLOSE DOWN
» CLOSE: Cerca
» DOWN: Abajo
» Close down: Cerrar
in serious prayer: close down the door
with another particle
» close up: acercarse
» come up: subir
» UP: Arriba
Sentence:
» close up the window
» come up the stairs

5. Ing forms as object of a preposition
are nouns that follow a preposition and when
used after a preposition must be in the form of
gerund
Close the door after leaving!
After: Después de (particle)
Leaving: Dejamiento (gerund)
After leaving: Después de salir

6. I want to visit uncle Frank before going back to
Canada.
Quiero visitar al tío Frank antes de volver a Canadá.
» Before: Antes de (particle)
» Going: Yendo (Gerund)
» Before going: Antes de volver

7. For the only negative form is placed not
before the gerund
I’m worried about not passing that quiz.
ABOUT: Acerca de (particle)
NOT PASSING: No pasa (not before the
gerund)
About not passing: sobre no aprobar

8. to form the progressive past, you should seek the
past of the verb to be and continues to place the
form Ing.
so:
I was talking on the phone
WAS: (to be passed)
talking (gerund)
On: (Particle)

9. Another example:
We were eating in the cafetería.
» Were: (past to be)
» eating (gerund)
» In: (Particle)