In this ppt presentation, what actually RNA is? is explained with its structure and function. for more info watch the presentation!!!

1. Structure of RNA
Made by :-
Ribonucleic Acid
Shivang Patel
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2. Contents
1. Discovery of RNA
3. Structure of RNA
4. The Nucleotide: RNA
2. What is RNA?
5. Shapes of RNA
6. Types of RNA?
7. Difference between DNA & RNA?
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3. Discovery of RNA
 Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher (1844–
1895) in 1869 separated the nucleus from the
other parts of the cell and isolated phosphorus–
containing nucleic acid.
 It was later found that there were two kinds of
nucleic acids
 One type of nucleic acid was obtained from
animal glands and later called DNA
 the other type, obtained from yeast cells, was
called RNA.
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4. Discovery of RNA
 In the 1940s biochemists realized that both DNA
and RNA are present in all living cells.
 DNA is present only in the nucleus of the cell,
RNA is found in both the nucleus as well as the
cytoplasm.
 American chemist Marshall Nirenberg (1927–)
was later credited with translating the code of life
and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1968.
 He demonstrated that RNA could be
translated into protein.
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5. What is RNA?
 RNA-stands for ribonucleic acid
 is a polymeric molecule made up of one or more nucleotides.
 A strand of RNA can be thought of as a chain with a nucleotide at
each chain link.
 Each nucleotide is made up of a base (adenine, cytosine,
guanine, and uracil, typically abbreviated as A, C, G and U), a
ribose sugar, and a phosphate.
 DNA and RNA form the fundamental building blocks of the universal
genetic code.
 They can form complex structures which interact with proteins, other
nucleic acids, and even small regulatory molecules.
 RNA can even play a role as an enzyme (so-called ribozymes) which
can directly catalyse chemical reactions and regulate genetic
expression.
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6. Structure of RNA
 Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a biologically important
type of molecule that consists of a long chain of
nucleotide units. Each nucleotide consists of a
nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate.
 SUGAR
• Ribose
 Phosphate group
 Nitrogen containing base
• Adenine
• Guanine
• Cytosine
• Uracil
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7. Structure of RNA
 The structure of RNA nucleotides is
very similar to that of DNA nucleotides
 DNA and RNA play very different roles
from one another in modern cells.
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8. THE NUCLEOTIDE: RNA
OH
O=P-O-5
CH2 BASE
OH O
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C 1
C
H H H H
3
C 2
C
OH 0H
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
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9. Shapes of RNA
RNA comes in a variety of different shapes as displayed below:
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10. Types of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
carries information from
DNA to the ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
involved in the process of translation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
RNA TypesRNA Types
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11. Difference Between DNA
and RNA
 ribose sugar backbone in RNA has a hydroxyl (-
OH) group that DNA does not.
 DNA uses the base thymine (T) in place of uracil
(U).
 DNA is double-stranded, RNA is a single-
stranded molecule in most of its biological roles
and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides.
 DNA contains ''deoxyribose'', RNA contains
''ribose'' (there is no hydroxyl group attached to
the pentose ring in the 2' position in DNA).
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12. Reference
 http://www.rnabase.org
 http://www.stanford.edu
 http://science.jranh.org
 Prescott,Harley,&Klein’s
Microbiology,In:Willey,Sherwood,&
Woolverton 7th
ed;251 to 253.
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