E N G L I S- 1 0
ENGLISH - 1033
H
A GUIDETO
AGUIDETO
PRAYER
PRAYER
IN ISLAM
IN ISLAM
Saqib
M. Abdul Karim Saqib
The Co-operative forCsll to.eigne.s
Office Guidance Sullrnah
at
The Co-operative Office for Call & foreigners Guidance at Sultanah
Under suoeftsron
lhe 0llvinistrv samc Alla and
0l
Under the supervisIOn 0 I Ministry 01 Islam ic AHai rs and Endowment and Cal I and Gu idance
$ Endowmenland Gu
Caland dance
Te 4240C// 4251005P0
F 80x926i5Riyadh11663EnE Sullanah22@halma
Tel 4240077 Fax 4251005 POBox 92675 Riyadh 11663 E-mail Sultanah22@holmail com com

*i f!fi li
#1rt:i#
IN'IHE NAME OF ALLAH
IN THE NAI}IE ALIJH
11IE MERCIFUL 'IHE COMPASSIONATE
TIIE MERCIFI,'L THE COMPASSIONAIE

~lo~4~..,
$iJl ;Ii4 LL.c
GII]I]Dtr
A GUIJD)E TO
ililPilIRAYililE
ms nsn,aMt
IN ISJLAM
M. ~lJdul KfJrim SoqilJ
fi|. tbdul Karin fagib

A G U I D E T O PRAYER
GUIDE TO P R A Y E R
INl ISLAM
ri rsLAM
* by:
Researched and Edited by:
Renearched Edited
and
Mohammed AbdulKarim Saqib.
Mohammed Abdul KarimSaqib.
* Translated by:
Translated by:
Ijaz Begum Saqib.
ljazBegum Saqib.

FOREWORDD
FOREWOR
the Subiect Salat
There are many books dealing with the Subject of Salat in
There are many books dealing
both Arabic and Urdu. Many thesebooks are lvell
both Arabic and Urdu. Many of these books are well written
and provide an informative and comprehensiveview
and provide an informative and comprehensive view of
Salat should be performed according the teach-
how Salat should be performed according to the teach-
Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Unfonunately( there
ings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Unfortunately~. there
ings
the subjectin
are very few books in English which deal with the subject in
are very few books in Englishwhich deal
the same informative and comprehensive way. The books,
the same informative and comprehensive way.The books,
which
which do exist, have three main disadvantages.
exist, havethree main disadvantages.
Firstly, literature concerningSalat availablein English is
Firstly, literature concerning Salat available in English is
either so does cover essentialpoints
either so brief that it does not cover essential points in
nearly enough detail,
nearly enough detail, or it is so bulky and detailed that it
is so bulky and detailedthat
becomes difficult to use it for quick reference, and es~
becomes use quick reference,and es-
sentialpoints may get lost in the unnece$sary
sential points may get lost in the unnecessary detail.
detail.
Secondly,the the Salat lacksthe quality
Secondly, the text of the Salat lacks the quality of direct
direct
research from the zunnah the Prophet Muhammad
research from the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad
(SAW). There are also books which contain materialwith-
(SAW). There are also books which contain material with-
out any reference to the original sources.
any reference the originalsources.
Thirdly, the majority of books have been written accord-
the majority books have been accord-
ing
ing to the views held by certain schools of thought and for
the views held certain schools thought and
this reasonsome peoplehesitate
this reason some people hesitate to follow them.
them.
Because these weaknesses existing literature in English
Because of these weaknesses in existing literature in English
in
we prgduce medium sized
we felt that the need existed to prpduce a medium sized
the need existed
book on Salat which would approachthe subjectaccording
book on Salat which would approach the subject according
io the teachings the Prophet Muhammad(SAW). The
to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The
Prophet,himself,said,
Prophet, himself, said,
"Pray as you haveseenme praying."
"Pray as you have seen me praying."
Such book needs.to contain all the essential
Such a book needs to contain all the essential details of
details
Salat
Salat without being 'too bulky or complicated so that the
being too bulky complicatedso that the
readercan use as journey
reader can use it as a point 01 reference on a journey or at
oJ reference
home. .
home
It was also fE~lt that a comprehensive book on Salat in
ft was also felt that comprehensive book on Salat in
English would be useful
English would be useful for converts to Islam and for
converts lslam and
Muslim youth brought up in this country. Keeping
Muslim youth brought up in this country. Keeping in
5

mind the needs of our brothers and sistersevery effort has
needs brothers and sisters every effort has
been made to produce this book in simple and easy
been made produce simple and easy
language.
language.
During research sometimes differences
During our researchwe sometimes found that differences
occurred between established practices various prayer
occurred between established practices in various prayer
books. In these circumstances we referred to authentic
books. these circumstances referred authentic
Prophet Muhammad (SAW), so
hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), so that the
hadiths of
points could be clarified as much as possible.This was,
points could be clarified as much as possible. This was,
because, for a true Muslim there is no greater proof for
because, for Muslim there is greater
settling arguments than authentic hadiths and practices
settling arguments than authentic hadiths and practices
Prophet Muhammad(SAW).
of Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
We hope that Allah will accept this humble attempt be-
We hope Allah accept this humble be-
cause without his support and help we would never have
cause without his and help we never have
been able to do this work.
been abfe
Finally we ask all our Muslim brothers and sisters to study
Finally we ask all Muslim brothers and sisters study
the text and to strive to pray according to it. If anyone
and strive according lf anyone
finds anything unacceptable or to be against the sunnah
finds anything unacceptable be against sunnah
Prophet (SAW) we be grateful
of the Prophet (SAW) we would be grateful if they wo!!ld
worrld
inform us.
us.
Muhammad Abdul Karim Saqib
Muhammad Abdul Karim Saqib
6

c0ilrEilrs
CONTENTS
Pages
Pages
Foreword
Foreword ......................•....... 5
Notes
Notes .............................. t 010
Chapter One ...............................12 2
... .t
Before doing Wudu (Ablution)
Before Wuqu ...............................12 2
... .t
Tooth Stick (Siwak)
(Siwak) ...............................I.2
. . . 12
Niyat for Wuflu (Ablution)
Niyat Wuc;lu ..............................12 J2
Actions of wudu (Ablution)
Actions of (Ablution) .............................. . . r 2
. . . 12
Special facilities Ab.ution.
Specialfacilities in Ab.ution. .............................. .13
, . . . I .3
Du'a end of Ablution
Du'i[ at the end of Ablution . . . . .I. 3
13
Tayammum .............................. l 4 14
Two
Chapter Two .............................. 16 r6
of ~alat (Prayer)
Time of $alat (Prayer) .............................. . 6
. . . . 16
I
Forbidden Times for PraYer
for Player ............................... 17t 7
,.. ..
~alat (PraYer)
Placefor $alat (Prayer)
Place ...............................18
. . . l.8
Dress for ~alat (Prayer)
Dress $alat (Prayer) . . . . . l.8
...............................18 .
(Prayer)
Types of $alat (Prayer)
Types of $alat ...............................19
. . . I.9
FarQ or Obligatory Pra}er
Far{ ObligatoryPraPr ...............................19
. . . I. 9
Nafl Prayer
Prayer . . . l.9
.......•.......................,19
Sunnat Mu'akkadah (canpulsory) .............................. 202 0
Sunnat Mu'akkadah(conPulsory) ,.....
Nafl (extra) Prayer
(extra) PraYer .............................. 20 20
Number of Rakats
Number Rakats .............................. 222 2
Chapter Three
Chapter Three ..............................22 22
Story of Azan
Aian ..............................233 2
The Muazzin
The Muai2in .............................. 23 23
Text of the Aian
Text of the .............................. 24 24
Azan for Fajr
Aian for Fajr .............................. 24 24
Listening to the AZan
Listening to the Aian .............................. 255 2
Dariidafter the Azan
Danidafter the A2an .............................. 255 2
Du"a after the Azan
Du'ii after the Aian ..............................266 2
lqamat
lqamat ..............................266 2
Text of Iqamat
Text of Iqamat
7

Chapter Four
ChapterFour . . . 282 8
..
'Sutra
'Sutra . . . 282 8
..
Qiblah
Qiblah . . . 282 8
..
Intention (Niyat)
Intention(NiYat) . . . 282 8
..
Talcbir Tahrimah
Takbir Tahrimah .....29
29
Folding of hands
Folding hands . . . 292 9
..
.Recitation before Fatihah
Recitation beforeFatihah . . . 292 9
..
Ta'awwuz
Ta'awwuz . . . 303 0
..
'fasmiah
fasmiah .....30
30
Surah Fatihah
Surah Fatihah . . . 31I3
..
Recitation of Surah Fatihah Behind an Imam ..-.-.32
Recitation SurahFatihah Bdrind an Imam 32
Ameen
Ameen .....32
32
Recitation after Surah Fatihah ._
Recitationafter SurahFatihah .........-....-.33
33
Ruku (J,owing)
Ruku (&owing)
Du'as in Ruku
Du'as Ruku
(standing afterRukfr)
Qawman (standing after Rukii)
:"::::::::::::: 34
35
................36
36
Qawman
Du'as in Qawmah
Du'is Qawmah .....37
37
First Sajdah
First Sajdah .....38
.38
Du'as in Sajdah
Du'[s Sajdah .....38
38
Jalsah (sittingbetween
Jalsah (sitting between two Sajdcbs)
two Sajddrs) .....39
.39
Second Sajdah
Second Sajdalt .....40
40
(sittingfor rest)
Jalsah-e-Istarahat (sitting for rest)
Jalsah+-Istarahat .........40
40
Second Rakat
SecondRakat .....40
40
Tashahud
Tashahud .....40
40
Standing up for third Rakat
up
Standing for third Rakat ................41
.41
~alat Alan-Nabi (Darfid)
$alatAlan-Nabi (Dariid) -. ................42
.42
Du'5safter~a1at Alan-nabi (Darfrd)
Du'as after $alatAlan-nabi (Dari"xl) ........42
.42
Ending the Prayer
Fnding the Prayer 45
Du'as after Salutation
Du'6s .45
Chapter Five 48
Witr Prayer
Witr Prayer .48
Number of Rakat of Witr PraYer
of ofWitr Prayer 48
Time of Witr Prayer
Time Prayer 49
How to PrayWitr
How Pray
Du'i Qunfitin witr Prayer
Du'i Quniit Prayer
::::::::::::::::: 49
50
................50
Text of Du'EQunilt
Du'i 50
Jumah (FridayPrayer)
Jumah (Friday Prayer) · · .................5
511
Importance FridayPrayer
Importance of Friday Prayer ..---...........51
51
lmportance Cleanliness lriday Prayer .....51
Importance of Cleanliness for Iriday Prayer
of 51
Going earlyto FridayPrayer
Going early Friday Prayer ...-............52
52
Prayer before Jumah
PrayerbeforeJumalt 52
8
I

Listening to Khutbah (Sennon
Listening Khutbah (Sermon
Prayer after Jumah
Prayerafter Jumah
Eid Prayer
::::::::::::::::::
53
54
.544
5
Eid Prayer
Janazah l)rayer
Junazuh llrayer 56
56
Conduct,'f Janazah
Conduct If Janazah Prayer
I Prayer 577
s
First Takbir
Fint l-akbir 57
57
Du'as of starting
Du'Es starting 57
57
Surah Fatihah
Surah Fatihah 58
58
Recitation of a Surah
Recitation a Surah 58
58
Second Takbir
Second 58
58
Third Takbir
Third Takbir 59
59
Du'as of Janazah
Du'frs Janazah 59
59
Ending the Janazah Prayer
Ending the Janazah Prayer 61r
6
Takbir
Fourth Takbir 61l
6
PrayerDuring a Journey
Prayer During a Journey 61l
6
When shortenand combinePrayers
When to shorten and combine Prayers ........62
62
Duration journey
D-uration of journey 63
63
Nafl Prayeron a journey
Natl Prayer on a journey .63
63
••••••••••••
oo oa oo oo oo tt
9

thtes about the Transliteration
Notes about the Transliteration
The following system beenadopted represent
has
The following system has been adopted to represent corresponding
t0 r:orresponding
sounds theArabic
of Alphabet.
sounds of the Arabic Alphabet.
letter
ArJbic letter
Ar.rbic English
English Example l e
Examp Example l e
Examp
Equivalent
Equivalent I Arabic) c )
tArabi ( English) h )
Englis
I a Allah h
Alla ~pplel e
App
~
Y b bismillah
bismillah bat
bat
~
dr t Tirmiziz i
Tirmi !oy
loy
,i•
'-oJ rh
th uthman n
uthma t.Drough h
throug
c
C J Jabiri r
Jab jugg
iu
c
C; h
h Ra~eem
Raheem bate
[ate
c
C kh
kh Khalifah
Khalifah no English
no English
equivalent
equivalent
..)
J d Dn, mi
Dn.mi the
lbe
j i
oJ Aian
Aian re~emble
reEemble
)
J r
I Asr
fur river
liver
)
J z
2 zahid
zahid gero
!ero
tA
IJ" s salam
sal5m seen
~een
...
,.*
fJ'" sh
sh shuaib
shuaib shop
mop
.c
oj' ~
I ~alat
salat ~ardine
sardine
~
f
j;
-b
,
d
{
I
wu~u
wudu
fahir
fahir
guhr
no equivalent
no equivalent
no equivalent
no equivalent
,
1
?
,
~uhr razor
ra~or
e
e Jam6'at
JamIt'at no equivalent
no equivalent
~
e
15
gh
gh
f
Maghrib
Maghrib
Fajr
Fajr-
no equivalent
no equivalent
fan
lan
g
q lqamat
Iqamat queen
queen
~ (l, k kitab
kitab feen
f,een
J J I Jibreel
Jibreel lean
lean
r I m Muhammad
Muhammad !!loon
l[oon
o
U n Nisai
Nisai noon
noon
t
j w wu{u
wUQu wallet
fiallet
j
~ h janazah
janazah ttour
[our
• I , no equivalent
no equivalent
in the middleof the letterI
( in the middle of the letter)
t
c.S
L5 v
y year
'year
to
10

The following system has been adopted to represent someof the
The followingsystemhas been adoptedto represent some of the
complex sounds theArabiclanguage.
complex sounds of the Arabic language.
of
A macron (-) placed on a transcribed Arabicvowel indicates
A macron(-) placed0n a transcribed Arabic vowel indicates
lengthening thesoundof thatletter.
lengthening of the sound of that letter.
of
Arabic
Arabic English
English Example
Example Example
Example
Equivalents
Equivalents (Arabic)
(Arabic) ((E n s l i s)h
English)
.- a
e Allih
AilAh Apple
Apple
.sL
r5l ee
ee Raheem
Raheem seen
seen
J
) Ii istanja
istanja sit
sit
ISo iio r e e
or ee seen
seen
.Jb hi
hT he
he
'1
6
I'I u boot
boot
)1 -u true
ll u 0awfid
Dawud true
jji f aw
aw sew
sew
)1
ii aww
aww awwal
awwal shovel
shovel
(51
$i ay
ay baY
bay
Cf
t5i ayy
aYy age
age
~~
13t ivv
iyy
sound according its
Note: Sometimes an Arabic letter changes sound according to its
Note:$ometimes Arabic
an letterchanges t0
whether is at theheginning,
it in
position in the word; for example; whether it is at the beginning, in
position theword;for example;
in
ihe middle at the end. such
0r In circumstances theArabic letterhas
the middle or at the end. In such circumstances the Arabic letter has
heen representedmore
by than English
one equivalent.
been represented by more than one English equivalent.
Abbrwirtionr
Abbreviations
Thefollowing abbrwiations been in thisbook.
The following abbreviations have been used in this book.
have used
So ,A . U v , SAl--lAl LANU AlAYHI WA SAL- LAM
$ AW 0 0 lIA $Al,-
$tt ul. Lllltj ALAYlll LAt
II PEACt AND BLESSING OF AllAH BE UPON HIM II
PtACr 8l.tS$lll0 ALt 8t uP0t l{lt
At0 0F Af{
R .A .
R A
0 0 RADI ALLAHU|J ANHU I/ANHA
RA0tAil.llf Ailll|| lillA
IIMAY ALLAH BE PLEASED WITh HIMI/ HER
tAy Aruil 8t PLtA$t0 llh lllt l{tR
|1
11 1
1

Chcrpter
Chapter I
BEFOREHDOING G I J O U
B E F O D O I N WUQU
E W
lf someone needs go to thetoilet, should the toiletanddo
to
If someone needs to go to the toilet, he should use the toilet and do
he use
istanja before doing wudu.
istanja before doing wudu.
A B L U T IN
ABLUTION O
SIWAK KT O T H- S T I C K )
( O
S I W A (TOOTH--STlCK)
It is a goodpractice clean teethwith a tooth-stick, a tooth-
to
It is a good practice to clean the teeth with a tooth-stick, or a tooth-
the or
brushbefore performing wudu. In this way you can avoidmany
brush before performing wudu. In this way you can avoid many
which
diseases arecaused unclean by
diseases which are caused by unclean teeth.
teeth.
fu mentioned the hadith Aisha (R.A.)
As mentioned in the hadith Aisha (R.A.) reported Allah's messen-
in reportedAllah'smessen-
gerassaying:- 'The
useof a tooth-stick a means purifying
ger as saying:- ''The use of a tooth-stick is a means of purifying the
is of the
mouth andis pleasing the Lordaswell"
to
mouth and is pleasing to the Lord as well" )
(Ahmad.
(Ahmad. Oarmi, and Nisai ..l
0armi, Nisai
and
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said:- "lf wouldn't
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ also said:- "If I wouldn't have felt
also have felt
that it is diffic,ult my people wouf have
for
that it is difficult for my people I would have ordered them to use a
d orderedthemto use a
tooth-stick with everyprayer,
tooth-stick with every prayer, that is, before doing each wuQu. So"
that is, before doingeach wudu. So,
muslims should (S.A.W.).
muslims should always try to fulfil this wish of our Prophet (S.A.W.).
always to fulfilthiswishof ourProphet
try
MAKING INTENTION N 0 RWUI}UU N | Y A T )
(
M A K T N I N T E N T | 0 FOR W U g (NIYAT)
G F
Before starting actions wu~u
the
Before starting the actions 0 wu{u it is necessary to make niyat.
o is necesary makeniyat.
t0
MakeNiyatthat the act of performing wu~u is for the purpose of
Make Niyat that the act of performing wuf,uis for the purpose
purityonfy.Niyatshould made theheart
purity only. Niyat should be made in the heart becauseis anaction
be in because it is an action
of theheart not of thetongue.
of the heart andnot of the tongue.
and
Niyatby words not approved Prophet
is by Muhammad (S.A.W.l.
Niyat by words is not approved by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).
Then start the wu~u by saying:- Bismillah hir-ra[rma
Thenstartthe wu{u by saying:-Bismillbh hir-ra~ma nir-raheem
nir-raheem
(ln thename Allah, most graciou$, merciful)
(In the name of Allah, mostgracious, mostmerciful)"
most II
ACTIO]tIS PER RMIIIIG LUTIOI{.
ACTIONS FORPERFORMING A8
FOR FO ABLUTION.
l. Wash hands to the wrist making
1. Wash the hands up the wrist making surethat n0 partof the
the up sure that no part the
hands left dry.
hands is left dry.
is
2. Rinse mouthtaking water
2. Rinse themouth taking up water w;ththe righthand.
the up with the right hand.
3. Clean the nose: sniffwaterup from the rightpalmandtheneject
3. Clean nose:
the sniff water up from the right palm and then eject
waterwith the left hand.
water with the left hand.
12
12

a. Wash the face,from earto ear, andforehead chin making sure
4. {ash the face, from ear -eat, forehead to chin making
and sure
that no partof the faceis left dry.
that no part the face is left dry.
5. Then wash the forearms (right forearmfirst) up to the elbou,s
5. Then rvashthe forearms (right forearm first) up the elbows
making that no partof themis left dry.
making sure
sure that no part them is left dry.
6.Rub the head asfollows:-
as
6. Rubthehead follows:-
Wet your fingers andthen wipe the head with yourfingerqnstarting
and
Wetyour fingers thenwipethehead with your fingers,starting
from the forehead, takingthem to the napeof the neck,then
from the forehead, taking them to the nape the neck, then
bring thembackto theforehead.
bring them back to the forehead.
7. Clean eanby inserting tipsof theindex
7. Clean theears by inserting thetips the index fingers
the the fingers wetted
wetted with
with
unter into the ears,
water into the ears, twist themaround foidsof the ears
twist them around the foids the ears then
the then
pass thumbbehind ears
pass thethumb behind theears fromthebottom,
the the from the bottom, upwards.
upwards.
8. *Washthe feet (right foot fint) up to the ankles
8. *Wash the feet (right foot first) up to the ankles making sure
making sure
that no parts the feetareleft dry, especially between the toes.
that no parb of the feet are left dry, especially betrueen toes.
the
*SPECIALAFACILITIESEINl A B L U T I O T {
* S P E C I F A C I L I T I IS ABLUTION
L i
Rubbing the socks with wet hands instead of washing the feet;;
Eubbing sockswith wet hands
the instead washing feetthe
allowed, provided the socks have been on after perfonr'
allowed, provided that the socks
that have been put 0n afterperfonr',lg
put ,rg
an ablution, including washing the feet. This is allowed for 24 hours
an ablution, including washing feet.Thisis aflowed 24 hours
the for
from the time of ablution, and for 3 days if the person is on a journey.
fromthe timeof ablution, for3 days theperson
and isona journey.
After this time the feet must be washed. Similarly if there is a wound
After thistime the feetmustbewashed. Similarly there wound
is
in any pars the bodywhichhasto bewashed ablution,
in any parts of the body which has to be washed in ablution, and if
in and
that particular part is likelyt0 cause harm, is permisible
washing that particular part is likely to cause harm, it is permissible
washing
to wipethedressing thewound
to wipe the dressing of the wound with a wet hand.
of with wethand.
HADITH H
HAOIT
Mughira shu'bah
bin said, "Prophet(S.A.W.) performed
Mughira bin shu'bah said, "Prophet (S.A.W.) performed ablution
ablution
and wiped over his socks and his sandals."
andwiped over socks hissandals."
his and
(Ahmad,
(Ahmad, Tirmizi, Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah).
Tirmizi,Abu Dawild, lbn Maiah).
and
Eachdetail ablution been
of has performed Prophet
Each detail of ablution has been performed by Prophet Muhammad
by Muhammad
(S.A.W.) once,twice 0r threetimes(except
(S.A.W,) once, twice or three times (except rubbing of head and
rubbing headand
of
cleaning ears,i.e. actions and shouldonly bb doneonce).
cleaning of ears, i.e. actions 6 and 7 should only be done once).
of
Sinceall the above methods meet Prophet (S.A.W.)t
Since all the above methods meet Prophet (S.A.W,}'s approval we
approval we
can perform ablution by doing the actions once, twice or three times.
canperform ablution doing actions
by the once, twice0r three times.
provided no parthasbeen drY.
provided that no Dart has been left dry.
that left
Amr bin Shuaib, quoting fatheron the authority hisgrand'
Amr bin Shuaib, quoting his father on the authority of his grand-
his of
fathernarrated that Prophet {S.A.W.) said,"lf anyone
father narrated that Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said, "If anyone
Muhammad
performs actions ablution
of morethan timesrhe done
performs actions of ablution more than 3 times,he has done wrong,
has wrong,
transgressed, and done wickedly.
tramgresed, donewickedly.
and
(Nisai, Majah)
(Nisai, Ibn Majah)
lbn
DU'AA T THEEEND OFFABLUTION T {
O U ' AT T H E i l DO A B L U T I O
A
"Ash hadu an Iii iI aha
"Ashhaduanl5 itaha
iIIallahu wah dahu Ifshareeka lahu
illalldhurmh dahu shareeka
lf lahfi
13
13

wa ash hadu an-na
waash haduatrna
'abduhE
wa
Muhammadan 'abduhu wa
illuhammadan
(Mrnliml.
rasuluhu: (Muslim).
rruluhu:
fi;*l t f $jli,Et l,frglilfS *r;i;*i
"e,j'i rfi'i-*$s;#l
'alnse minat
"Allah hum maj 'alnn minat
"Allahhummai
sni hlneo minal
taw-wlbeen"Mj 'alnee minal
trpwlbmn
mubph-hiren."(Tirmiril.
muta 18h-hireen." (TirmizH.
<tr;:toiriFi"isl..v}bQy*;5lrtirest;ay;$rf
"l tctify that there no deityexcept Allahalone. And testify
"1 testify that there is no rjeity except Allah alone. And I testify
is
(S.AW.I His and
that Muhammad (S.A.W.) is His servant and messenger."
thatMuhammad is servant messenger."
(Muslim)
(Muslim)
Allahmake among
me those who arepenitent make
"0 Allah make me among those who are penitent and make me
and me
who purified."
thoss are
among those who are purified."
among
(Tirmizil
(Tirmizi)
TAYAMMUM
TAYATIi,IUIt|
In circumstances when water cannot be found, or justenough is
when
In circumstancs rvater cannot found,or just enough
be is
arailable drinking,
for or is iniufous health: such in situations
available for drinking, or it is injurous to health: in such situations
t0
(dry
Tayammum ablution) beperformed.
Tayammum (dry ablution) can be performed.
can
The procedure below given according Ouran
to and Hadith.
The procedure below is given according to Ouran and Hadith.
is
".........And you don'tfind anywater, thentakeclean
".........And if you don't find any water, then take clean earth
eafth
(orsand) rub on yourface, hands. and Allahdoes wish
not
(or sand) and rub it on your face, and hands. Allah does not wish
and
to put you in a difficulty, hewants make clean, to
but to you and
to put you in a difficulty, but he wants to make you clean, and to
complete-His untoyou,so youshould grateful Him."
frvour be to
complete -His favour unto you, so you should be grateful to Him."
(Surah verse (Thepermision use to sand thispurpose
for
(Surah V. verse 6). (The permission to use sand for this purpose is
V. 6). is
allowed in the Quran).
allorved theOuran).
in
PRO U8E
CEO
PROCEDURE
l. Make niyat thehmrt.
in
1. Make niyat in the heart.
with
2. Begin with the name of Allah.
2. Begin thename Allah.of
3. Strike both palms handon clean
3. Strike both palms of hand on clean sand, dust or anything con-
of sand, dustor anything con-
taining these, wall or stone etc.fren blowinto the palms.
taining these, e.g. wall or stone etc. then blow into the palms.
e.g.
pan the pafms both hands overthe faceonce thenruh
pass the palms of both hands over the face once and then rub
of and
your rit'rt hand with the left palmandlett hand with the right
your right hand with the left palm and left hand with the right
palml.
palm).
(Bukhari Mrslim).
(Bukhari and Muslim).
and
14
14

4. Finish with thesameDu'a asgiven theendof ahlution.
4. Finish with the same Du'das given at the end ablution.
Note: Other procedures includethe forearms shoulders wellm
f{ote: 0ther proceduresinclude the forearms andshoulders aswell as
.and as
armpits. Thesehave beentransmitted reputable
armpits. These havebeen transmitted by reputable scholanbut the
scholars the
mostpreferable authentic thatgiven
most preferable andauthentic is that given above.
and is above.
o o o
oooooo o o o
15
15

Chspter 2
Chapter 2
TIME·- PLACE -- DRESS and -- TYPES OF SALAT
TIME PTACE DRESS and TYPES OF SALAT
1.. TIMEEO FSALAT T
I T I M OF S A L A
Each,qalat. be offered or during_iu
Each ~alat must be offered at or during its proper time.. No flist Cln
Tult at proper time..No plat crn
be offered before time.There five.obligatory iiiiaai.
its
be offered before its time. There are five obligatory falat in a day.
are dat
FAJRR R A Y E B
F A J PRAYER
P
The time for the Fajror the morning
The time for the Fajr or the morning prayer starts at dawn and
prayer starts dawnand
at
at
ends sunrise.
ends at sun-rise.
ZuhrPnyer
Zuhr Prayer
The time for Zuhr or the earlyaftemoon prayer
The time for Zuhr or the early afternoon prayer starts when the
rtartswhenthe
sun begins to decline from its zenith and ends when the size of an
sunbegins decline rom its zenithandendrwtren rize an
to f the
object's shadow is equal to the ~ize of the object.
obiecttshadow equal thesize the obiect.
is to of
(R.A.l narrated, 'The
Jabir bin Abdullah (R.A.) narrated, "The angel Jibreel came
Jabirbin Abdulfah angel Jibreel cams
to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) saidto him, 'Stand and
to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and said to him, 'Stand up and
and up
pray Zuhr'. the messenger Allah (S.A.W prayedZuhr
pray Zuhr'. So the messenger of Allah (S.A.W prayed Zuhr
So of I
when the sun had declined
when the sun had decl ined from its zenith. Then the Angel
from its zenlth.Then tne Anget
Jibreel again the time of Asr andsaid,'Standup and
Jibreel came again at the time of Asr and said, 'Stand up and
came at
Pray Asr~ Then Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) prayed Asr when
PrayAsri ThenProphet Muhammad (S.A.W.) prayed Asr'when
the shadow of everything wasequal to itself. Then Jibreel
the shadow everything equal itself.ThenJibreel came
was came
the next day to Prophet
the next day to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said,Stand
Muhammad (S.A.W.) and said, 'Stand
and
!p and prayZuhr'.Then Prophet
up and pray Zuhr', ThenProphet Muhammad (S.A.W.)
Muhammad (S.A.W.) prayed prayed
Zuhr whenthe shadow everything equalto itself.Then
Zuhr when the shadow of everything wasequal was itself. Then
Jibreel cameagain at Asr time andsaid,'Stand andprayAsr'.
Jibreel came again Asr time and said, 'Stand up and pray Asr'.
at up
Thenhe prayedfur whenthe shadow everything trvice
Then he prayed Asr when the $hadow of everything rvastwice was
its length
itslength _
Therr
Then Jibreel said, (afterpraying 10 prayers Prophet
Jibreel said, (after praying prayers with Prophet Muham-
10 with Muham-
mad (S.A.W.)in nruo
mad (S.A.W.) in two consecutive that the time of prayer
consecutive days)
days) that the time prayer
is in between
is in between th$e two timesl"
these two times:"
Ahmad, Nasai,Tirmizi and Bukhari remarked
Ahmad, Nasai, Tirmizi and Bukhari remarked that this is that this is
the most authentic hadith giving times prayer.
the mostauthentic hadith giving the times of prayer.
the
We find that many books on $alatstatethe endingtime
We find that many books on ~alat stat~ the ending time
of Zuhr prayerand the startingtime of fui prayerwhen the
Zuhr prayer and the starting time Asr prayer whEnthe
shadow something twice itself.But this contradicts
shadow of something is twice itself. But this contradicts the
is the
above
above hadith 0n thefirstdayJibreel
hadith ason the first day Jibreel asked
as asked Prophet
Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad
(S.A.W.) prayfur whenthe shadow everything equaf
(S.A.W.) t0 pray Asr when the shadow of everything waseQuat
to was
to itself.This means wasthe endtime of Zuhr prayer.
to itself. This means that was the end time of Zuhr prayer. And
that And
we alreadyknow that all the ulamas the MuslimUmmah
we already know that all the ulamas of the Muslim Ummah
of
16
16

agree unanimously n0 prayercan be offered
agree unanimously that no prayer can be offered before time.
that before its time.
its
Asr Prryer
Arr Prayer
The time for Asr or late afternoon prayer
Thetrmefor Asror lateafternoon starts whentheshadow
prayer starts when the shadow
of something is equal to itself andends just before sunset.
of somethingequal itselfand ends bef sunset.
is to just ore
It is betterto offerfur prayer orethesunbeeomes
It is better to offer Asr prayer bef the sun becomes yellow
before yellow
because eventhoughit is allowedto offer the orayerat this
because even though it is allowed to offer the prayer at this
time the Prophet (S.A.Y{.}
timethe Prophet disliked Muslims 0elayAsr prayer
(S.A.W.l disliked Muslims to Oelay fur prayer
to
up
up to this time. He remarked that the Munafiq (Hypocritel
this time. He remarked that the Munafiq(Hypocrite)
offered his prayer at this time.
his
offered prayer thistime. at
Maghrib Praycr
Maghrib Prayer
The time for the Maghrib 0r th~ sunset prayer
Thetimefor the Maghrib th0sunset or starts justafter
prayer starts after
just
sunsp.t and ends whentwilighthas disappeared.
sunset endsand when twilight hasdisappeared.
!sha Prayer
!sha Prayer
The time for lshaor nightprayer
The time for Isha or night prayer starts starts fromthe disappearaitue
from the disappearance
of twilight andends justbefore midnight.
and
of twilight ends before just midnight.
It ii preferable offer this prayerbefore midnight it
is preferable io offer this prayer before
to midnight but but
can be offered rightuo tn thebreak dawn'
can be offered right uo to thp. break of dawn.
of
l,lote:- In countries
Note: In countries wheredue to cloudyweather sun is not
where due to cloudy weather the sun is not
the
always visibleit is advisable follow printedcalendars giving
alurnys visible is advisable to follow printed calendars
to giving the
the
accurate timeof each PraYer.
time
accurate of each prayer.
FORBIDDEN T I TIMES OF PRAYER
F O R B I D D E NM E S FP H A Y E R
O
Uqbah bin Amir said, " There were three times at which Allah's
uqbahbin Amir said, There H, were three times which
at Allah's
messenger (S.A.W.) used forbidus to pray0r bury our dead.
messenger (S.A. W.) used to forbid us to pray or bury our dead.
to
(i) When the sun began to rise untir it was fully up.
(i) When sunbegan rise
the to untit wasfullyup.
(jj) When the sun was at its height at midday til! it p~sed
(ii) Whenthe sun was at its heightat middaytil! passed
the meridian,
themeridian,
(iii) When sundrewnear setting
(iii) When the sun drew near to setting till it had set:'
the to till hadsetl'
(MUSLIM) M )
(MUSLI
FORBIDDEN E iIl M E S O RN A F LP R A Y E R
FOBBIDD T TIMES FOR NAFl PRAYER
F
(i)
{i} Abu Sa'eed Khudree
al (R.A.) reported Allah'smes$enger
Abu Sa'eed al Khudree (R.A.) reported Allah's messenger
(S.A.W.) saying, "No prayeris to be saidafter the Fair
(S.A.W.) as saying, "No prayer is to be said after the Fajr
as
prayeruntil the sun rises, after the fur prayer until the
prayer until the sun rises, or after the Asr prayer until the
or
sun sets:'
sunsetsl'
(Bukhari-&i 'Muslim)m )
(Bukhar Musli&
Only nafl prayer forbidden these timesbut a missed
Only naf1 prayer is forbidden at these times but a missed
is at
Mostof the ulamas theMuslim
of
fard prayer can de offered. Most of the ulamas of the Muslim
fard prayer de offered.
san
fard prayerafter
Um'mah allowed the offering of missed fard prayer after
Ummahallowedthe offeringof missed
Fajrandfur because thefollowing
of hadith
Fair and Asr because of the following hadith
(S.A.W.) said, '1/Vho forgotten
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said, 'Who has forgotten
ProphetMuhammad has
the prayerhe shouldpray it whenever remembers
the prayer he should pray it whenever he remembers it:'
he iti'
(Bukharia& i Muslim)m )
(Bukh & Musli
r
(ii)
(ij) A nafl prayercannotbe offeredoncethe lqamatfor fard
A nafl prayer cannot be offered once the Iqamat for fard
prayerhas beensaid. Abu Hurairah
prayer has been said. Abu Hurairah nal'rated that the mes:
flarrated that the mes-
177
1

't{hen the lqanlat been
senger Allah (S.A.W.l has said,
senger of Allah (S.A.W.) said, "When the Iqamat has been said"
of said,
thenrthere no prayer
is valid (Nafl or sunnat)
then, there is no prayer valid (Nafl or sunnat) except the
except the
Fard prayer whichthe lqamat said."
Fard prayer for which the Iqamat was said."
for was
(Ahmad Muslim)
(Ahmad & Muslim)
is seen practice
in that manypeople
It is seen in practice that many people continue with the
continue with the
sunnat prayer
sunnat prayer even though the iqamat has been said for the
wen thoughthe iqamat beensaidfor the
has
far~ prayer especially in the Fajr prayer. They feel that the
far{ prayer epecially the Fajr prayer.
in They feel that the
2 Rakat sunnat of Fajr can only be offered before the Far~.
Rakat sunnat Fajrcanonly be offered
of before Far{.
the
This practice against
This practice is against congregation Philosophy, discipline
is Philosophy,
congregation discipline
of Jama'at, and a clear violation of Hadith. They should
Jamd'at, and clearviolation Hadith.They should
offer 2 rakat sunnat of Fajr immediately after the Fard or
offer rakatsunnatof Fairimmediately after the Fardor
after sunrise.
aftersunrise.
2.. PLACE E O RS A L A T
2 P L A C FOR SALAT
F
or building which is used the purpose woship
A place or a building which is used for the purpose of worship
place for of
and prayeris called mciid (Mosque). hadithtellsus that "all
and prayer is called a masjid (Mosque). A hadith tells us that "all
the earthhasbeenrendered the Muslims, mosque
for (Pure
the earth has been rendered for the Muslims, a mosque (Pure and and
clea!l)."
clmn)."
This means that wherever a muslim might be he can offer his
This mearsthat wherever muslimmight be he can offer his
prayerbut the reuard prayer offeredin mosque far grmEr
prayer but the revvard of a prayer offered in a mosque is far greater
is
thanthat offered an ordinary
in place. following
The points
than that offered in an ordinary place. The following points should
should
benoted whenchoosing place prayer.
be noted when choosing a place for prayer.
for
(a) The place
(a) The place should be clean and pure. ~Iat in a dirty, filthy and
shouldbe clan andpure. $alatin dirty, filthy and
impure place such as a rubbish tip, slaughter house, bathing
impure placesuch if rubbishtip, slaughter
house,bathing
place pen
place and a camel pen is forbidden.
and camel is forbidden.
(bl The placeshouldbe free from danger.
(b) The place should be free from danger. The danger could be
The danpr could be
due to someone or something that may disturb the worshipper.
due to someone something may disturbthe worshipper.
or that
(c) prayerplacewherethe worshipper
(c) A prayer place where the worshipper might hinder movement
might hindermovement
of others should be avoided, e.g. busy pavements, public road-
of othersshouldbe avoided, busy pavements,
e.g. public road-
ways etc.
waysetc.
(d) lt is forbidden prayon the roofof Baitullah (Ka'bahl.
(d) It is forbidden to pray on the roof of Saitullah (Ka'bah).
(e) lt is forbidden prayon top or facing
(e) It is forbidden to pray on top of or facing towards a grave.
to towards grave.
3. DRESS FOR SALAT
3. DRESS FORSATAT
MENN
ME
(i)
(j) The dres for the menshouldbe suchthat covers
The dress for the men should be such that it covers from the
from the
navel the kneemt
navel to the kneesat least.
lect.
18
18

(iil
(in The shoulders should beleft uncovered.
ThEshoulders should not be left uncovered.
not
(iiil
(iii) $alatcan be prayedin one garment it coversthe body
$alat tan be prayed in one garment if covers the body
from the navel the knees wellastheshoulders.
from the navel to the knees aswell as the shoulders.
as
"None of you must pray in a sin$e garment whirh no
"None you must pray in single garment of whilh no
part comes overthe shoulder:'
over
partcomes theshoulderj'
( B U K H A R IM U S L I M }
&
(BUKHARI & MUSLIM)
lf, however, grment is not long enough uoverthe
If, however, the garment is not long enough to cover the
the to
shoulders then parts the body between the naveland
shoulders then parts of the body between the navel and
the knees should least covered.
the knees should at least becovered.
at be
WOMEN
WOM N
E
The dress the womanshouldbe suchthat it covers whole
The dress of the woman should be such that covers her whole
her
body from head
body from headto foot leaving only the face and the hands un'
foot leaving only the faceand the hands un·
covered. A prayer offered transparent clothing not valid.Also
covered. prayeroffered in transparent
A in clothing is not valid. Also
is
tight fitting clothing which shows the shape of the body should
tight fitting cfothing whichshows the shape the body should
of
beavoided.
be avoided.
4 T Y P E OF ~ALAT
4.. TYPES S FS A L A T
O
a) Far~ or obligatory $alat.
a) Fard obligrtory
or Salat.
Far~ prayer is an obligatory prayer. Every believer is ordered
Fardprayer an obligatory
is prayer. is
[very believer ordered
prayers a day. Failure to
by Allah to offer five obligatory prayers in a day. Failure to
by Allahto offer five obligatory in
observe one of the five obligatory
any prayers a serious
observe anyone of the five obligatory prayers is a serious and
is and
punishable
punishable sin.
sin.
b) NafJ Prayer.
b) ltlaflPrayer.
Thisis a voluntary prayer whichthe Prophet (S.A.W.)
This is a voluntary prayer which the Prophet (S.A.W.) observed
observed
before or after Far~ at special and isolated occasions. It also
before after Fardat special
or and isolated lt
occasions. also
includes those which encouraged
he Muslims prav.
includes those which he encouraged Muslims to pray.
to
The Nafl Prayer can be divided into three categones.
TheNaflPrayer bedivided three
can into categortes.
(i) Sunnat (compuhory)
(i) Sunnat Mu'akkadah (compulsory)
Mu'akkadah
Thatisthose whic,h emphasizedthe HolyProphet
are by (S.A.W.)
That is those which are emphasized by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.)
and offeredregularly him beforeor afterthe Fardprayrlr.
and offered regularly by him before or after the Far~ praYI~r.
by
(iil Gheir (optional)
(ii) Ghair Mu'akkadah (optional)
Mu'akkadah
only occasionally Prophet Muhammad
That is those offered only occasionally by Prophet Muhammad
That is thoseoffered by
(s.A.w.l.
(S.A.W.).
r9
19

(iiil thfl Prryrr(Extnl
(iii) Nell Preyer (Extrl)
Thb is an extraprayer. There a reward praying andno
is for it
This is an extra prayer. There is a reward for praying it and no
sinfor leaving lt can offered anyisolated
it. be at instance
sin for leaving it. It can be offered at any isolated instante atcord-
accord-
ingto thetimeandcapacity thebeliever.
of Prophet Muhammad
ing to the time and capacity of the believer. Prophet Muhammad
(S.AW,)encouraged believers praynall to helpmake
the
(S.A.W.) encouraged the believers to pray natl to help make
t0
up for anyminor ombsions other
or defec$ the obligatory
up for any minor omissions or other defects in the obligatory
in
praysr.
prayer.
5. TUTIBER RAKATS
OF FORTHEFIVEOETIGATORY
5. NUMBER OF RAKATS FORTHE FIVE OBLIGATORY PRAYERS
PRAYERS
(il Frir Prryrr.
(0 Fejr Prlyer.
2 rakar sunnat Mu'akkadah, 2 Rakats
2 rakats sunnat Mu'akkadah, 2 Rakats Far~.
Fard.
(ii) ZuhrPrryrr,
(ii) Zuhr Prlver.
or rakats sunnatMu'akkadah, rakab far{, rakats
2 or 4 rakats sunnat Mu'akkadah, 4 rakats far~, 2 rakats sunnat
sunnat
Mu'akkadah anunspecified
and number naflro timeandcap-
of
Mu'akkadah and an unspecified number of nafl as time and cap-
acity alloun.
acity allows.
lbn Umar(R.A.) said"l prayed with Allah'smesengel
Ibn Umar (R.AJ said "I prayed alone with Allah's messenger
alone
(S.A.W.) rakats and rakats afterthe Zuhrprayer."
(S.A.WJ 2 rakats before and 2 rakats after the Zuhr prayer."
before
(BUKHARI R I MUSLIM)M )
(BUKHA & MUSLI
is familiarpractice offer rakatssunnatbeforeZuhr
It is a familiar practice to offer 4 rakats sunnat before Zuhr
to
prayer, this hadith proves
prayer, but this hadith proves that 2 rakat sunnat before the
but that rakat sunnatbeforethe
Zuhrprayer also
Zuhr prayer is also allowed.
is allowed.
(iiil Arr Prryrr.
(iii) Asr Praver.
0r rakat sunnat$rair Mu'akkadah, rakatsFard.
2 or 4 rakats sunnat ghair Mu'akkadah, 4 rakats Fard.
Ali (R.A.) said, "Allah's messenfr (S.A.W.} t0 pray 4 rakafu
Ali (R.A,) said, "Allah's messenger,(S.A.W,) used to pray rakats
used
before r prayer
Ae ssparatang witha salu
them
before Per prayer separating them with a salll tation........"
tation........"
(TlBftllZll
(TfRMIZI)
hadith narrated Ali (R.A.)
by says, "Allah's
Another hadith narrated by Ali (R.AJ says, "Allah's messenger
Another mesenger
(S.A.W.} to pray two rakas
(S.A.WJ used to pray rakats before prayer."
used tw'o Asr
before Asr prayer." _
(ABU
(ABU DAWUO}
DAWUO)
(ivl Mrghrib
(iv) Meghrib Prryar.
Preyer.
rakats nafl, 3 rakanfard, 2 rakats
2 rakats nafl, rakats fard, rakats sunnat
sunnat Mu'akkadah
Mu'akkadah and
and
an unspacified
an unspecified number nafl 6 time and capacity
number of nafl as time and capacity allows.
of' allows.
Abdullah Mughaffal
bin reported the Prophet (S.A.W.) saying,
Abdullah bin Mughaffal reported Prophet
the (S.A.W.) assaying,
as
20
20

"Pray beforethe Maghrib prayerj'
"Pray before the Maghrib prayer;' adding when saying it the
adding when saying the
thirdtime,"Thisapplies those wish d0s0."
third time, "This applies to those who wish to do so."
to who to
(BUKHARI R tMUSLIM)M I
(EUKHA &MUSL| &
That wasbecause did not wish people treat asa com-
he
That was because he did not wish people to treat it as a com-
t0
pulsory
pulsory sunnat.
sunnat.
rakats aftersunset before maghrib
nafl
2 rakats nafl after sunset and before the maghrib prayer
and the prayer
areeallowede do r tliose e v h owish hto doo : 0 . For r this sthee abovev e
a r a l l o w for t l i o s who w i s t o d ::0. F o t h i t h a b o
f l
hadithis a sureproof.However, somepeople
hadith is a sure proof. However, some people forbid this and
forbidthisand
othersfind very srrange they seea person
others find it very suange if they see a person offer 2 rakats
offer rakats
naflbefore
natl before Maghrib.
Maghrib.
(v) lshaPmyer.
(v) Isha Prayer.
An unspecified number nafl rakats
An unspecified number of nafl rakats according to the time
0f according the time
to
andcapacity, rakats
and capacity 4 rakats fard, 2 rakats sunnat Mu'akkadah, un-
I fard, rakats sunnat Mu'akkadah, un-
specified number of nafl 'as time and capacity allows and 3
specified numberof nafl as time and capacity alloranand
witr.
witr.
Somepeople insistvery emphatically
Some people insist very emphatically upon the offering of 4
upon the offering of
sunnatbeforethe ishaprayerbut duringour
rakats optional sunnat before the isha prayer but during our
rakatsoptional
entireresearch could not find a single proof,any practice
entire research we could not find a single proof, any practice
we
or orderfrom Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) his companions
or order from Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ or his companions
or
to justifythis claim. Certainly it is allowed tQ pray nafl while
to justify this claim.Certainly is allowed praynaflwhile
it ta
waiting for Jama'at.
waiting Jamd'at.
for
Some people offer 2 rakats ~nafl after the witr prayer. How-
Somepeopleoffer rakats .nafl after the witr prayer. How-
evet,thereis an authentic hadithwhichstates
ever, there is an authentic hadith which states that the witr
that the witr
prayer should offeredafterall the naflwhicha person
be wishcs
prayer should be offered after all the nafl which a person wishes
to prayhave
to pray have been offered.
been offered.
lbn Umar(H.A.)reported the Mesenger Allah(S.A.W)
Ibn Umar (R.A.) reported that the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.)
that of
"Make witr asthelat prayer yournightprayerl'
said, "Make witr as the last prayer of your night prayer:'
said, of
(MtsHKATI
(MISHKAT)
o o o o o
21
21

Chspter t
Chapter J
AZAN
AZAN ..... IQAMAT
IQAMAT
As you know, in alf MuslimcountriesAian is calledaloud
As you know, in all Muslim countries Aian is called aloud
fivetimesa day andyou musthave it. you wondered
five times a day and you must have heard it. Have you ever wondered
heard Have ever
how it started?
how stafted?
sroRY n2nr*r
0F
STORY OF AZAN
whenthe Muslims migrated from Makkah Madinah
A long time ago when the Muslims migrated from Makkah to Madinah
longtimeago to
they usedto agree abouta fixedtime for the congregational prayer.
they used to agree about a fixed time for the congregational prayer.
They found difficultt0 remember time fixed for the prayer
They found it difficult to remember the time fixed for the prayer
the
sometimes, especially when they were busy doing their work. One
sometimesrespecially they were busy doingtheir work. One
when
(S.A.W.) and the Muslims
day Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ and the Muslims discussed the
day ProphetMuhammad discused the
the people the congregational prayerat the
matter of calling the people for the congregational prayer at the
matter of calling for
exacttime. Some the believers
exact time. Some of the believers suggested the use of something like
of suggested useof something
the like
the bell of the Christians, others suggested the use of a horn like that
the bell the Christians, othes suggested uss a hornlike that
the
of the Jews, Umar
but (R.A.)
of the Jews, but Umar (R.A.) suggested sending someone to announce
suggested sending somsone announce
t0
prayer.Then Allah's Messenger (S.AW.)appointed
the prayer. Then Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.) appointfd Bital to
the Bilal t0
call the people prayer.
call the people to prayer. But it seems through the study of ahadith
t0 But seems through study ahadith
the
that the methodwas not satisfactory. Then Prophet
that the method was not satisfactory. Then Prophet Muhammad Muhammad
(S.A.W.} agreed usea Naqoose eonch),
to (a
(S.A.WJ agreed to use a NaQoose (a oooch), something like the bell
something the bell
like
of Christians but he was not happy to use it because of its similarity
of Christians he wc not happyto use because itssimilarity
but
with the Christians.
with the Christians.
AfterProphet (S.A.W.) ordered bellto bemade
had
After Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ had ordered a bell to be made
Muhammad a
so that couldbe struckto gather people prayer; that
so that it could be struck to gather the people to prayer; on that
the to on
bin
Abdullah Zaidbin Abd Rabbihirsaid,
same day a companion, Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abd Rabbihi"said, "1
same day a companion, "l
was sleeDing when I saw a man carrying a naqoose in his hands, and
sleeping when a
vrras 'Servant sawa mancarrying nagoose his hands, in and
said, Allah,will you selfthis to me?'When cked
I said, 'Servant of Allah, will you sell this to me?' When he asked
he
what woufddo with it?l replied,that would use to callthe
what I would do with it?t replied, that we would use it to call the
we
peopfe prayer. said, Shalf not guide to somsthing
t0 He you
people to prayer. He said, 'Shall I not guide you to something better
better
than that?' repliedr'Certainly', tnld me t0 sav,
so he
than that?' I replied/Certainly', so he told me to sav.
'Allehu
Akbar, AllEhu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, Altdhu
'AI/ahu Akbar, A/llJhu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, AI/shu
AkMr, ,Ash lE ildha illal lEh, xh hdu
Akbar,. Ash hadu an Ii ilaha illal lah, ash hadu an la ilaha
li il6ha
illal lEh, Ash
iI/allah, Ash hadu an-na Mul)ammadar resulu/·/iJh, Ash hadu
an-ru, Mufiammadar resitut4en, Ash
an-na MuQammadAr rafilullEh, 'al4 galEh,
an-na Mul)ammadilr rasulul-llJh, I)ayya 'a/Sf $a/ah, payya
'alq galdh bayya 'alal-falEh bayya
'alal falal), Qayya 'alaI-fa Ilh Allahu
'alSf ~aISh, payya 'alaI fa6h, fuayya
fuayya ' AllEhu
Akbar, AI/ahu Akbar, La ilaha iI/allah. '
Aktur, AllEhu Aktur, G ilffia illal lilh.'l ·
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After the Aian the stranger kept quietfor a while and then
After the Aian the stranger kept quiet for a while and then
said, {lhen thecongregationrea~y youshould
said, When the congregation is readyyou should say:- Allihu Akbar,
is say:- Allahu Akbar,
Allfihu Akbar, Ash hadu an Iii lilaha illallah,fuh hadu an'naMuham-
All6huAkbar.Ashhaduan li lilahaiIIallah, 'alalhaduan·na [luham-
Ash
'alaqsalah, bayya
madarrasOlul-lah, hayya 'ala, galih,bayya 'alai fal-ah, qEma
madar ras0lul-lifr, ~ayya fala~, qad qama tis
qad tis
~Iah, qad qama tis salah, AII3hu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, la ilatll illal
satah,qad q6matii iaieh,A[l6huAkbar,All6huAkbar,li ilihillal
lah.
Hh.
When II told Allah'sMessenger (S'A.W.) the morning
When told Allah's Mesenger (S.A.W.) in the morning what what
said, 'lt
had seen1he said, is true vision, insha'Allah,getup along
II hadseenrhe 'It isa truevision, insha·Allah, so get up along with
so with
Bilal,andwhenyou havetaught him whatyou have
Bilal, and when you have taughthim what you have seen him use seen let him use
let
the prayer, for he has stronger voicethanyou
it in making call to prayer, he hasstronger
making the call for voice than you
have'.
have'.
So I got up alongwith Bilaland begnn teachit to him, and
So I got up along with Bilal and began to teach him, and
heused in making callto grayer..
he used it making the call praver.
the
Umarbin al-Khattab heard this' when he was in his house, and
Umar bin al-Khattab heardthis whenhe wu in hishouse, and
he came out trailing his cloak andsaid, 'Mesenger Allah (S.A.W.),
he came trailing cloak said,'Messenger of Allah(S.A.W.),
out his and
by Him who has sent you with the truth, I have seen same
by Him who hassentyou with the truth, I have seen the same kind
the kind
oi thin~ as has been revealed", To this Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.)
of thing as hasbeenrevealed'' this Allah'sMesenger
To (S.A,WJ
replied, 'Praise to Allah!"'
replied,
' 'Praise be Allah!'"
be
(Darmi,
(Oarmi, Ntmad,Ibn Maiah, Khuzahah,
Ahmad, lbn Majah, lbn, KhuzaicDah, Tirmizi)
Ibn, Tirmizi)
So from that day0n t0 the present Aian is saidto gather
So from that day on to the present day Aian is said
day gather
people thecongregational prayer.
people for the congregational
for prayer.
THE mun2iru
THE MUAizlN
A person who calls people for the congregational prayer is called
person who callspeople the congregational
for is
Frayer called
saying Aian he should facing
a Muaziin Before saying the Aian he should stand facing Ka'bah
a Mua2iin Before the stand Ka'bah
in Makkah. shouldraisehis hands his ean puttingthe tips
in Makkah. He should raise his hands to his ears putting the tips
He to
of forefingers his earsand call in a loud voice. Whenhe says
of forefingers into his ears and call in a loud voice. When he says
into
Havva'alC Saldh should turn his faceto the rightandwhenhe
~ayya 'al~ ~alah he should turn his face to the right and when he
he
says ~ayya 'alai Fala~ he should turn his face to the left.
$yi'flayya"aialFalElr should
he turn hisfaceto the left.
TEXT OF THE AlAN
TEXT OFTHE A'NT.I
f.-5{ Ji i -.;3 $et -";3 fti'i'*-::;l,'}A
glfif {tfr::t ',ri,!r'^ll9e1;41
,,"iif
rt^t
JFui'#&)'rjsAil, jr,IJ#fsJa, St"offi
'rF"i ';*V
b;~~~ J"i~J::s..:r
" rji*rt l -e9^1-rr
~-r~~::# lr ~~l~~
og{.dt&G va$5t'e%
J~~T~; ,'i5fu"t
~
,'r{Si,Aii (i,
l7 j
'o'"i'r
9yUfX
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Allihu Akbar
Allihu Akbar
Allahis the greatest
Allah is the greatest
AllEhu Akbar
AlliJhu Akbar
Allahis the greatest
Allah is the greatest
Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar
Allahis the greatest
Allah is the greatest
Allihu Akbar
AlliJhu Akbar
Allahis the greatesr
Allah is the greatest
Ash hadu an lE il6ha illal l1h
Ash hadu an la i!§ha iI/allah
I bear
I bear witness that thp.re is no deity but Allah.
witnes thatthere no deitybut Allah.
is
Ash hadu an ld it1ha iilat LEh
Ash hadu an la ilaha illal Lah
II bear witness that there is no deity but Allah.
bear witnes that there no deitybut Allah.
is
Ash hadu an~na Muhammadar rasululliJh
Ash hadu an-na Muhammadar rasulul Eh
bear witnes thatMuhammad (S.A.W.I the messengerAllah.
I bear witness that Muhammad (S.A.W.) is the messenger of Allah.
ls of
Ash an-na Mul"tammadar rasulul lEh
Ash hadu an-na Muhammadar rasululliJh
II bear witness that Muhammad (S.A.W.) is the messenger of Allah.
bear witness Muhammad
that tS.A.tiJ.)the messengerAllah.
is of
Hayyalalag galah
l;Iayya~/a~ ~alah
tiometo prayer
(;ome to prayer
Hayya'alag sal1h
1;Iayya 'ala1 salah
Come Prayer.
Come to Prayer.
to
Hayya'alal falah
/;/ayya 'alaI falal)
Come yourGood
Come to your Good
to
Hayya'alal falah
I;!ayya 'alaI falalJ
Come yourGodA.
Come to your Good.
to
Alldhu Akbar
Allihu Akbar
Allah is the greatest
Allah is the greatest
Allahu Akbar
Allihu Akbar
Allahis the greatest
Allah is the greatest
LlI iliha illal lah
LE ildha Lah
There is no deity but Allah.
There no deitybut Allah.
is
ainru FoR
AZAN FOR FA"IB
FAJR
An additional phrase included the Aian for the Fajr prayer
An additional phrase is included in the Aian for the Fajr prayer
is in
'alal
afterthe second ~ayya Fal~~
after the second thyya 'alai Fal6h
!:'j,lrr'+:+'!it>iat
e+Att;Hr)-iit
~hayrum minan nawm -
A~ ~al5tu Kh-ayrumminan nawm . prayer better
Prayer is better thansleep.
is than sleep.
4tr+1lfl!
As. prayer better sleep.
~ ~aliJtu Khayrumminannarvm-
ralatu Khayrum minan nawm- Prayer is better thansleep.
is than
TISTEIIIilG THEA2Ail
LISTENING TO THE A!AN
TO
ll whenthe beliaren
1) When the believers hearthe Aian theyshourd
hear the Aian they should risten ir in
listen to it in
to
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and
silence repeat each phrase the Aian in silence immedi'
silence and repeat eachphrase of the Aian in silence immedi·
ately afterthe Muaiiin has
ately after the Muaiiin has finished saying the phrase.
finished sayingthe phrase.
2l When the Muaziin says:- t:tayya 'al4 ~alah and I:tavya 'alat
2) When the Muaiiin says:-tlayya'al~ salEh Havya'alal-
and
fal'ah :. thQ.ljstener
fal-ah should say in reply:-- Lahawla Walaquw'
. the listener shouldsay in reply:--Lahawla Wala quw-
wata Bil-hh.
wata rllaBil-lah.
Ina
d+V,Ei-id;JF!
3) When Aian hasbeen
3) When the Aian has been completed, listener the
the completed, the listener andthe
the and
Muaziin
Muaiiin recite Dariid unto Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.}
recite Oariid unto ProphetMuhammad (S.A.W.)
followed by the Du'a.
follomif by the Du f;.
OARUO AFTER AZAN
OARiiDAFTER THEAiAN
THE
J3 3t hi3 +fu,J I'gG,;
;f.e- ULJljfrti
|*1ai,+G1 g.a't'*i
fu:irb'++P?;i,"f 4r' th.l
''i+V,1,# -JI:$ W Jt F i $t!. JL1tV
"*l
dt *4'q# U'L-i;+tJ:. )t &i
'ald
"Allah humma ¥l1·li 'ala Mul)ammadin wa 'ali ali Muf1am·
"AlEh Eal-li hlE Mufiammadin wa 1li Muftam-
'ald ali Ibraheema
madin kama ~/-Iayta 'ali Ibraheema wa 'ala ili lbrEhema
kamE qal-layta'alE lbr1hffima wa
innaka lJameedum majeed. "
fiamedum maied."
"0h Allah, let your peace comeupon Muhammad (S.A.W.)
"Oh Allah, let your peace come upon Muhammad (S.A.W.) and and
the family of Muhammad (S.A.W.} you havesent peace
the family of Muhammad (S.A.W-l as you have sent peace upon
as upon
lbrahim tA.S.) and his family. Truly you are praiseworthy
Ibrahim (A.S.) and his family. Truly you are praiseworthy and
and
gloriouJ~"
glorioug:"
'alE 6li Multam-
!!ilEh
~'Allah ffirik 'alE Mulammadin wa
humma barik 'ala Mul}ammadin wa 'ala ali Mu/;Jam-
'alE Eli lbrEheema
'ali Ibraheema wa 'aliJ ali Ibraheema
madin kama blJtakta 'alll lbrhheema wa
kamd bitakta
innaka I}ameedum majeed. "
innaka hamedum maied."
"0h, Alah,bles Muhammad (S.A.W.) the family Muhammad
"Oh, Allah, bless Muhammad (S.A.W.) and the family of Mlihammad
and of
(S.A.W.) you hare blessed
as lbrahim(A.S.)and his family.Truly
(S.A.W.) as you have blessed Ibrahim (A.S.) and his family. Truly
you are praiseworthy and glorious."
you arepraiseworthy glorious."
and
OF
DU'A A2AN
OU'A OF AZAN
H,':.L33),:il,i-*{6r-tff:tr{+L:7iur:t

't|*.-*3,tA'"r;3'2,i#;'rlJi?,'ttv'ei3iyi
o'nJJUb$ty
"AllEh
"Allah humma rabbarabba
Hazhi hid da~wa tit
Hathi da'wa tit
tdm was sald
tam mati was sala
til Qa imati iJii
tit Oi imati hii
Mufiammada ni I waseelata
Muhammada nil waseelata
'ath-hu
waf Far;Jeelata wab ~ath-hu
wal Fa{eelata wab
maqimam mahmhda
maqamam mahmuda nil
lazee wa ad tahfi."
taiee wa ad tahu."
"0h Allah! Lord of this complete prayer oun. By the blesing
"Gh Allah! Lord of this complete prayer of ours. By the blessing
of
of it, give Muhammad (S.A.W.) eternal
of it, give Muhammad (S.A.W.) his eternal rights of intercession,
his rightsof intercesion,
distinction and highest class(in paradise). raise
distinction and highest class (in paradise). And raise him to the
And him t0 the
promised youhave
rank promised
promised rank you have promised him.
him.
Jabir(R.A.)reported Allah's Mesenger (S.A.W.) sayin$"lf
Jabir (R.A.) reported Alla~'s Messenger (S.A.W.) as saying, "If
as
anyone says whenhe hears Aian '0 God,Lordof thisperfect
anyone says when he hears the Aian ,. '0 God, Lord of this perfect
the
callandof the prayer whichis established time,
forall grant
call and of the prayer which is established for all time, grant Muham-
Muham'
rmad(S.A.W.) Wasila excellency, raise up in a praise-
the
Imad (S.A.W.) the Wasila and excellency, and raise him up in a praise-
and and him
worthy position which you havepromised', will h asuredof
worthy position which you have promised', he will be assured of
he
my intercession."
my intercession."
(Bukhari)
(Bukhari)
IOAMAT
IQAMAT
lqamat the second to prayer is uttered
is
Iqamat is the second call to prayer and is uttered immediately before
call and immediately before
the beginning the obligatory
of prayeroffered
the beginning of the obligatory prayer offered with congregation.
with congregtion.
TEXTTOF IOAMAT T
T E X O FI O A M A
o'@N 54';i
i,ltl ly:,iYt'J'rIal
c,,arr 'r;:Ltt Sag
tCi:
cAY.aSt r,;*:e,:t& e
Jt,s
6'-qrt l*ii3 i'e!&tl5't3ii
I.r
i. :rlr* y:r{'1.,'i$fi;{'i3 %i
Allahu Akbar
Akbar
Allahis thegreatest
Allah is the greatest
Allahu Akhar
Akbar
Allahis thegreate$t
Allah is the greatest
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