Risk Assessment

1. RISK ASSESSMENT AND
MANAGEMENT
SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICER ENRICHMENT PROGRAM (SHEP)

2. Definitions
 Definitions
– Hazard: A source or a situation with a potential
for harm in terms of human injury or ill health,
damage to property, damage to the
environment or a combination of these.
– Danger: Relative exposure to hazard
– Risk: A combination of the likelihood of an
occurrence of a hazardous event and the
severity of injury or damage to the health of
people, property, environment or any
combination of these caused by the event.
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3. Basic Components Of Risk
Management
Hazard Identification
Risk Assessment
Risk Control
Review
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4. The Process of Risk Management
4
Classify Activities
(Work, Product, Services, Activities)
Determine Risk
Decide if Risk is Tolerable
Risk Control Action Plan
Identify Hazards
Review Adequacy of Risk Control
Start
Risk = Severity X Likelihood
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5. Sources of hazards
Man Human behaviour, unsafe acts
Machinery Installation, layout and design
of equipment
Materials Substances such as chemicals
and gases use in the workplace
Method The way people carry out their
work,
Media workplace environment i.e. air
quality, ventilation, lighting,
noise, vibration etc.
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6. Classification of Hazards
Mechanical
Electrical
Biological
Chemical
Ergonomics
Psycho-social
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7. Methods Of Identifying Hazards
 Review of documents and publications
 Inspection and observation at the
workplace
 Measurement of the atmosphere,
monitoring the environment or medical
surveillance of workers
 Hazard Analysis
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8. Types of Risk Assessment
Approach:
Qualitative
Semi-Quantitative
Quantitative
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9. Qualitative Risk Table
9
Severity Likelihood
VeryLikely Likely Unlikely HighlyUnlikely
Fatality High High High Medium
MajorInjuries High High Medium Medium
MinorInjuries High Medium Medium Low
NegligibleInjuries Medium Medium Low Low
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10. SEMI QUANTITATIVE RISK MATRIX (4 x 4)
SEVERITY LIKELIHOOD
VERY UNLIKELY
(6months)
1
UNLIKELY
(Monthly
2
LIKELY
(Weekly)
3
VERY LIKELY
(Daily)
4
First Aid Cases
1
LOW
1
LOW
2
MEDIUM
3
MEDIUM
4
Medical Treatment with
> 3Man Days Lost
2
LOW
2
MEDIUM
4
MEDIUM
6
HIGH
8
Temporary Disability
3
MEDIUM
3
MEDIUM
6
HIGH
9
HIGH
12
Permanent Disability
4
MEDIUM
4
HIGH
8
HIGH
12
HIGH
16
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11. Risk Assessment Form
11
Risk
Activities / process / facilities/
equipment
Hazard Effect
Current Risk
Control
Legal
Reqmt
Severity. Likelihood.
Risk
Rating
Action & Recommendations
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12. Principles of Control
12
•Substitution
•Modify process
•Enclosure
•Local exhaust
•Fugitive
emission control
•Isolation
•Housekeeping
•General
ventilation
•Continuous area
monitoring
•Dilution
ventilation
•Automation or
remote control
•Training and
education
•Worker rotation
•Enclosure of
worker
•Personal
monitoring
•Personal
protective devices
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13. Consideration In Implementing
Risk Control
Review measures regularly; modify if
necessary
Comply with national laws and regulations
Reflect good management practice; and
Consider the current state of knowledge
Include information or reports from
organizations such as:
– DOSH, OSH services, and others.
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14. 14
Hierarchy Of Control
MOST EFFECTIVE
1.Elimination - remove the hazard.
FAIRLY EFFECTIVE
2.Substitution - use less hazardous one.
3.Isolation – isolate the work area i.e. X-ray machine
in restricted room
4.Engineering Control – design, isolation at source,
barricade, guarding,
LEAST EFFECTIVE
5.Administrative Control – safe work procedure,
isolation i.e. reduce exposure time and limit,
training, signage etc
6.PPE - last resort.
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