ENGLISH 9

1. TYPES OF POETRY

2. LYRIC POETRY
•SONNET
•ELEGY
•ODE

3. LYRIC POETRY
•is a short poem which has the characteristics of
a song. It pertains to a single mood or feeling
and is more personal in nature.

4. • Example: “The Pains of Sleep” by Samuel Taylor
Coleridge
“ERE on my bed my limbs I lay,
It hath not been my use to pray
With moving lips or bended knees;
But silently, by slow degrees,
My spirit I to Love compose,
In humble trust mine eye-lids close,
With reverential resignation,
No wish conceived, no thought exprest,
Only a sense of supplication.”

5. SONNET
The word sonnet is derived from the Italian word “sonetto,”
which means a “little song” or small lyric. In poetry, a sonnet has
14 lines, and is written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10
syllables. It has a specific rhyme scheme, and a volta, or a
specific turn. Generally, sonnets are divided into different groups
based on the rhyme scheme they follow. The rhymes of a sonnet
are arranged according to a certain rhyme scheme.

6. Sonnet 29: When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes
BY WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE
When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes,
I all alone beweep my outcast state,
And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
And look upon myself and curse my fate,
Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,
Desiring this man’s art and that man’s scope,
With what I most enjoy contented least;
Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
(Like to the lark at break of day arising
From sullen earth) sings hymns at heaven’s gate;
For thy sweet love remembered such wealth brings
That then I scorn to change my state with kings.

7. ELEGY
An elegy is a mournful poem, usually written in
remembrance of a lost one for a funeral or as a lament.
An elegy tells the traffic story of an individual, or an
individual’s loss, rather than the collective story of a
people, which can be found in epic poetry. An elegy
generally combines three stages of loss: first there is
grief, then praise of the dead one, and finally
consolation.

8. O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring;
But O heart! heart! heart!
O the bleeding drops of red,
Where on the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
(“O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman, 1891)
The famous poem “O Captain! My Captain” is an elegy
that Walt Whitman wrote for Abraham Lincoln. Whitman brilliantly combines a sense of loss,
praise, and solace all in this first stanza of the poem. The solace and praise comes from the
fact that every prize has been one and the people are “all exulting,” yet the hard truth of the
matter is that Lincoln has “fallen cold and dead.”

9. ODE
Ode is a literary technique that is lyrical in nature, but not
very lengthy. You have often read odes in which poets praise
people, natural scenes, and abstract ideas. Ode is derived
from a Greek word aeidein, which means to chant or sing. It
is highly solemn and serious in its tone and subject matter,
and usually is used with elaborate patterns of stanzas.
However, the tone is often formal. A salient feature of ode is
its uniform metrical feet, but poets generally do not strictly
follow this rule though use highly elevated theme.

10. Ode to Spring (By Thomas Gray)
“The untaught harmony of spring …
Still is the toiling hand of Care:
The panting herds repose:
Yet hark, how thro’ the peopled air
The busy murmur glows!
Some lightly o’er the current skim,
Some show their gaily-gilded trim
Quick-glancing to the sun.”
This is another good example of an ode. The speaker is
talking about the spring season, and praises its beauty,
expressing lofty and noble sentiments about it.

11. NARRATIVE POETRY
•EPIC
•BALLAD
•SOCIAL

12. NARRATIVE
A narrative poem in literature is a poem which tells a story.
It has a full storyline with all the elements of a traditional
story. These elements include characters, plot, conflict and
resolution, setting and action. Although a narrative poem
does not need a rhyming pattern, it is a metered poem with
clear objectives to reach a specific audience. These poems
have been borrowed from oral poetic narratives from
different cultures. Narrative poems include old epics, lays
and ballads.

13. EPIC
• This is a long and narrative poem that
normally tells a story about a hero or an
adventure.
• Epics can be oral stories or can be poems in
written form.
• 1. Popular or ancient poetry is usually
without definite author and slow in the
development.
• 2. Modern epic poetry has a definite author.

14. •Beowulf by Anonymous - This is an Old
English language heroic epic poem of
anonymous authorship, dating as recorded
in the Nowell Codex manuscript from
between the 8th to the 11th century and
relates events described as having
occurred in what is now Denmark and
Sweden.

15. BALLAD
A ballad is a type of poem that is
sometimes set to music. Ballads have a
long history and are found in many
cultures. The ballad actually began as a folk
song and continues today in popular music.
Many love songs today can be considered
ballads.

16. THE BALLAD OF THE OYSTERMAN
Oliver Wendell Holmes
IT was a tall young oysterman lived by the river-side,
His shop was just upon the bank, his boat was on the tide;
The daughter of a fisherman, that was so straight and slim,
Lived over on the other bank, right opposite to him.
It was the pensive oysterman that saw a lovely maid,
Upon a moonlight evening, a-sitting in the shade;
He saw her wave her handkerchief, as much as if to say,
"I'm wide awake, young oysterman, and all the folks away."
Then up arose the oysterman, and to himself said he,
"I guess I'll leave the skiff at home, for fear that folks should
see;
I read it in a story-book, that, for to kiss his dear,
Leander swam the Hellespont,--and I will swim this here."
…

17. SOCIAL POEM
This is either purely comic or tragic and
pictures the life of today. It may aim to
bring changes in social conditions.

18. • Drama on Social Media
With every passing day
and every passing hour
world comes closer,
globe contracts
with silvery lustre
of social media.
Some, call this media
a social monster,
others, addicted badly,
few, known for moderate use
for purpose and reason.
It is the platform of continuous drama
of uniting friends and foes,
art and the artists,
leaders and the bidders,
entertainers and commoners,
gossipers and chatters.
….

19. DRAMATIC POETRY
• Dramatic Monologue
• Soliloquy
• Character Sketch
• Oration

20. DRAMATIC POETRY
•Has elements related closely to the
drama. It uses a dramatic technique
and may unfold a story. It emphasize
the character rather than the
narrative.

21. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE
Dramatic monologue means self-conversation,
speech or talks which includes interlocutor
presented dramatically. It means a person, who is
speaking to himself or someone else speaks to reveal
specific intentions of his actions. However, in
literature, it is a poetic form or a poem that presents
the speech or conversation of a person in a dramatic
manner.

22. “Lady Lazarus” by Sylvia Plath
I have done it again.
One year in every ten
I manage it—
A sort of walking miracle, my skin
Bright as a Nazi lampshade,
My right foot
A paperweight,
My face a featureless, fine
Jew linen.
This extract is from the famous monologue of Sylvia Plath’s “Lady
Lazarus.” It also highlights her psychological state of mind about her act
of committing suicide and subsequent failure. She has likened this act to
the Holocaust to create her own powerful monologue.

23. SOLILOQUY
A soliloquy is a popular literary device often used in
drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character. It
is a great technique used to convey the progress of
action of the play, by means of expressing a character’s
thoughts about a certain character or past, present, or
upcoming event, while talking to himself without
acknowledging the presence of any other person.

24. Romeo and Juliet (By William Shakespeare)
“O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou
Romeo?
Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I’ll no longer be a Capulet.”
Juliet was thinking aloud about the
traditional enmity
between Romeo’s clan and her family,
expressing her
hopelessness about the success of their
love.

25. CHARACTER SKETCH
In a character sketch, you are letting the reader know
many things about the character in a few lines of poetry or,
as in a story, in a paragraph or two. It is like drawing a
quick pencil sketch rather than doing a full portrait. The
reader should get a general idea about the nature of this
person, and know something about how they look and
how they live in the world.

26. he is dressed in army surplus
–a wrinkled gray-green canvas hat
holds down his wiry salt and pepper hair
he moves in small quick jerks
wary of the watching people
he stuffs his jacket and khaki shorts
with tooth-picked cubes of holiday ham

27. ORATION
• This is a formal address elevated in tone and
usually delivered on some notable occasion.
• An oration is a speech delivered in a formal
and dignified manner. A skilled public
speaker is known as an orator. The art of
delivering speeches is called oratory.

28. (from Julius Caesar, spoken by Marc Antony)
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your
ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them;
The good is oft interred with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Caesar was ambitious:
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer’d it.
…

29. SPECIAL TYPES OF POETRY
•HAIKU
•CINQUAIN
•NAME POEM
•FREE VERSE

30. HAIKU
Haiku, unrhymed poetic form consisting of 17 syllables
arranged in three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables
respectively. The haiku first emerged in Japanese
literature during the 17th century, as a terse reaction to
elaborate poetic traditions, though it did not become
known by the name haiku until the 19th century.

31. • The best-known Japanese haiku is Bashō's "old
pond":
fu-ru-i-ke ya (5)
ka-wa-zu to-bi-ko-mu (7)
mi-zu no o-to (5)
Translated
old pond . . .
a frog leaps in
water’s sound

32. CINQUAIN
A cinquain poem is a verse of five lines that do not rhyme. The
cinquain poem was created by Adelaide Crapsey.
• What is the structure of a cinquain?
A cinquain consists of five unrhymed lines.
Each line has a set number of syllables see below:
Line 1: 2 syllables
Line 2: 4 syllables
Line 3: 6 syllables
Line 4: 8 syllables
Line 5: 2 syllables

33. • An example of a Cinquain Poem
My mum (2 syllables)
Is so caring (4 syllables)
She is always helpful (6 syllables)
She is so beautiful and kind (8
syllables)
Love you. (2 syllables)

34. NAME POEM
• A special type of poetry belong to descriptive
poetry that use an adjective to describe a
person that begins with each letter of that
person's name.

35. • Taylor
Taylor likes each sentiment to be
Appropriate to its own time and place.
Years may roll like waves across her
shore,
Leaving none of what there was before,
Obliterating every sign of grace.
Reason not, says Taylor, with the sea!

36. FREE VERSE
Free verse is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that
is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm, and does
not rhyme with fixed forms. Such poems are without rhythm
and rhyme schemes, do not follow regular rhyme scheme rules,
yet still provide artistic expression. In this way, the poet can
give his own shape to a poem however he or she desires.
However, it still allows poets to use alliteration, rhyme,
cadences, and rhythms to get the effects that they consider are
suitable for the piece.

37. Features of Free Verse
• Free verse poems have no regular meter or rhythm.
• They do not follow a proper rhyme scheme; these
poems do not have any set rules.
• This type of poem is based on normal pauses and
natural rhythmical phrases, as compared to the
artificial constraints of normal poetry.
• It is also called vers libre, which is a French word
meaning “free verse.”

38. Example #1: A Noiseless Patient Spider (By Walt Whitman)
“A noiseless patient spider,
I mark’d where on a little promontory it stood isolated,
Mark’d how to explore the vacant vast surrounding,
It launch’d forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself,
Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them.
And you O my soul where you stand,
Surrounded, detached, in measureless oceans of space…
Till the bridge you will need be form’d, till the ductile anchor hold,
Till the gossamer thread you fling catch somewhere, O my soul.”

40. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF POETRY DESCRIBED.
__________1. Letting the reader know many things about the character in a
few lines of poetry.
__________2. A special type of poetry belong to descriptive poetry that use an
adjective to describe a person that begins with each letter of that person's
name.
__________3. Unrhymed poetic form consisting of 17 syllables arranged in
three lines of 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively.
__________4. It means a person, who is speaking to himself or someone else
speaks to reveal specific intentions of his actions.
__________5. This is a long and narrative poem that normally tells a story
about a hero or an adventure.

41. __________6. It has 14 lines, and is written in iambic pentameter. Each line
has 10 syllables.
_________7. It is often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a
character.
_________8. This is either purely comic or tragic and pictures the life of
today. It may aim to bring changes in social conditions.
_________9. It is a mournful poem, usually written in remembrance of a
lost one for a funeral or as a lament.
_________10. Such poems are without rhythm and rhyme schemes, do not
follow regular rhyme scheme rules, yet still provide artistic expression.

43. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF POETRY DESCRIBED.
1. Letting the reader know many things about the character in a few lines of
poetry. Character Sketch
2. A special type of poetry belong to descriptive poetry that use an adjective
to describe a person that begins with each letter of that person's name. Name
poem
3. Unrhymed poetic form consisting of 17 syllables arranged in three lines of
5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively. Haiku
4. It means a person, who is speaking to himself or someone else speaks to
reveal specific intentions of his actions. Dramatic monologue
5. This is a long and narrative poem that normally tells a story about a hero or
an adventure. Epic

44. 6. It has 14 lines, and is written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10
syllables. Sonnet
7. It is often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character.
Soliloquy
8. This is either purely comic or tragic and pictures the life of today. It may
aim to bring changes in social conditions. Social poem
9. It is a mournful poem, usually written in remembrance of a lost one for a
funeral or as a lament. Elegy
10. Such poems are without rhythm and rhyme schemes, do not follow
regular rhyme scheme rules, yet still provide artistic expression. Free
Verse