The document discusses retail pharmacy practice in Bangladesh and abroad, outlining the types of retail pharmacies, qualifications and roles of retail pharmacists, laws regarding drugs in Bangladesh, and the drug delivery and retail pharmacy practice systems in Bangladesh and other countries. Retail pharmacies can be independent, chain, or franchise models and retail pharmacists are responsible for dispensing and advising on medications while ensuring legal and ethical guidelines are followed.

1. 1
An Assignment
On
Retail Pharmacy Practice in Bangladesh and Abroad
Course Title: Hospital and Community Pharmacy-II
Course Code: PHAR 4213
Date of Submission: 22 September, 2019
Jashore University of
Science & Technology
Department of Pharmacy
Submitted to
Farhana Islam
(Assistant professor)
Department of Pharmacy,
Jashore University of
Science & Technology
Submitted by
Group: 03
Roll: 151023, 151024,
151025, 151026,
15102,151029,
151030,151031,
151032,151034.
Session: 2015-16
4th Year 2nd semester
Department of Pharmacy,
Jashore University of
Science & Technology

2. 2
INDEX
TOPICS PAGE NO.
1. Retail Pharmacy
2. Types of Retail Pharmacy
3. Advantages and Disadvantages
4. Retail community pharmacy
5. Retail Pharmacist and Role of Retail Pharmacist
6. Qualifications and Training Required
7. Key Skills for Retail Pharmacists
8. Retail pharmacy practice in Bangladesh
9. Three Provider-Retail Pharmacy Business
Models
10. Laws Regarding Drugs in Bangladesh
11. Drug delivery system in Bangladesh
following two methods
12. Retail pharmacy practice in Abroad
13. Reference.
03
03
03-04
05
06
07-08
09-11
12

3. 3
Retail pharmacy practice in Bangladesh & Abroad
Retail pharmacy
Retail pharmacy is a pharmacy in which drugs are sold to patients, as opposed to a hospital
pharmacy. Also known as a community pharmacy.
Types of retail pharmacy
Independent: (Neighborhood pharmacies), privately owned and small in size that can provide
more personalized services to customers and allow pharmacy staff to become better acquainted
with their patients. Some independent pharmacies can provide:
 Compound medication,
 Delivery service,
 Home healthcare products,
 Patient charge accounts,
 Surgical supplies.
Chain or Franchise: Consists of branches, or chains of more than one store. Chain pharmacies
generally have a higher volume of prescriptions than do independent pharmacies and are often
larger and faster paced.
These types of pharmacies can be further categorized as mass merchandised stores, chain drug
stores and grocery store pharmacies. Chain pharmacy can offer other career opportunities to
their staff including retail management and training opportunities.
Certified pharmacy technician: An individual who is certified to assist pharmacists in
providing pharmaceutical care. Not permitted to dispense medication or counsel.
Pharmacy clerk/ cashier: Noncertified/ unlicensed individual who is authorized only to assist
with non-pharmacy related tasks such as working the cash register.
Pharmacy manager: Individual who is almost always a pharmacist, Supervises all aspects of
pharmacy operations.
PharmD: Completed a doctoral degree in pharmacy and is licensed to practice pharmacy in a
specific state.
Pharmacist in charge (PIC): Individual who is designated by state board of pharmacy record
as the primary, on site pharmacist and is responsible for ensuring that the pharmacy operates
in accordance with state laws and regulations.
Registered pharmacist (RPh): Completed a bachelor's degree in pharmacy and is licensed to
practice pharmacy in a specific state. Store manager: Supervises all aspects of the daily store
operations, including pharmacy dept.
Front end/ OTC: Provides customers with various medications, devices, and aids that can be
purchased without a prescription.

4. 4
Advantages:
1. Economies of scale: The large players in pharma retail sector buy Raw material in bulk
quantity.
2. Technology driven: These large players use modern.
3. Retailing their own pharma brands/generic brands along with competitor’s brands: It
helps in promoting their own brands.
Disadvantages:
1. No economies of scale to small medical stores: These small stores buy in small quantities
from drug distributors.
2. Small geographic area: These small retail medical shops operate from small lanes and by-
lanes where it could cater to limited range.
3. No home delivery services: These small medical shops generally run on low man power.
Retail community pharmacy
The term ‘retail community pharmacy’ means an independent pharmacy, a chain pharmacy, a
supermarket pharmacy, or a mass merchandiser pharmacy that is licensed as a pharmacy by
the State and that dispenses medications to the general public at retail prices.
Retail pharmacist
Retail pharmacists provide general healthcare advice and supply prescription and
nonprescription medication to the public.
Follow up
evaluation
(Evaluation of
drug therapy
outcomes)
Assesment
(record and
interpret
patient
Informatioon
Design care
plan

5. 5
Role of a retail pharmacist
Retail pharmacists are responsible for dispensing and controlling both prescription and
nonprescription medicine. They also advise customers on general healthcare. Retail
pharmacists must work to legal and ethical guidelines.
 Keeping statistical and financial records
 Managing budgets
 Marketing services
 Meeting medical representatives
 Ordering and selling medicines and other stock
 Preparing publicity materials and displays
 Processing prescriptions and dispensing medication
 Providing advice about health issues, symptoms and medications in response to
customer enquiries.
 Recruiting, training and managing staff
Qualifications and training required
It takes five years to qualify as a pharmacist. This includes a four-year degree course (an
M.Pharm), one year’s work experience in a clinical setting and an exam, set by the General
Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC).
In order to practice pharmacists must be registered with the GPhC.
Relevant experience gained in any retail area involving contact with customers or the general
public can be beneficial.
Key skills for retail pharmacist
 Attentiveness,
 Commercial awareness,
 Confidence,
 Excellent interpersonal skills,
 Maturity,
 Organizational skills,
 Responsibility,
 Verbal communication skills.
Retail pharmacy practice in Bangladesh
Two organizations regulate drugs & pharmacies in Bangladesh-
1. The Directorate General of Drug Administration (DGDA).
2. The Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh (PCB).

6. 6
Three provider-retail pharmacy business models
Now that we understand more about providers’ motivations, we can explore how they are
entering the market. There are three main business models providers are using to get into the
retail pharmacy space.
Provider-retail pharmacy
business model
Description Benefits/considerations
Fully outsourced The provider organization is
not actively accountable for
the retail business itself,
rather ,the hospital rents out
space to a retail pharmacy
business (e.g. large retail
pharmacy chain or local
business)
 Improves patient
convenience
 Blocks revenue
sharing
 Requires minimal
investment
 Limits data sharing
 Minimizes
organizational
complexity between
businesses
Partnership The provider organization
creates a joint venture or
revenues sharing agreement
with a retail pharmacy
business
 Improves patient
convenience
 Promotes revenue
sharing
 Requires significant
investment
 Enables data sharing
between entities
 Creates
organizational
complexity between
businesses
Fully captive The provider organization
owns and operates the retail
pharmacy business
 Improves patient
convenience
 Captures 100% of the
revenue stream
 Requires heavy
internal investment
 Promotes full patient
data capture
 Simplifies
organizational
complexity.

7. 7
Laws Regarding Drugs in Bangladesh
contributing in the country's economy.
This sector is also providing 95% of the total medicine requirement of the local market.
re expanding their business with the aim to expand
export market.
Drug delivery system in Bangladesh following two methods:
1. Direct method
2. Indirect method
Bengal Drug
Rules, 1946
Drug
Ordinance
,1982
Drug Policy
,2005
• Government analysis and inspectors.
• Sale of drug.
• Manufacture for examination, test or analysis.
• Labeling and packung
• Drug control committee
• Prohibition of manufacture etc of certain medicine
• Control of advertisment and claim
• Penalty
• Laws and regulation
• Drug regularity authority
• Drug distribution, sale and storage
• Drug pricing

8. 8
1. Direct method
Pharmaceutical company directly supply medicine to the consumer by prescription order.
Which written by a physician.
2. Indirect method
Pharmaceutical company supply medicine to consumer by various intermediary, Such as
agent, wholesaler, retailer etc.

9. 9
Overall mechanism of retail pharmacy in Bangladesh
Retail pharmacy practice in Abroad
Retail pharmacy business practice is very different and noble form of business practice all
over the world. Retail pharmacy not only contributes business but also to the welfare of
humanity and provides significant socio economic benefits to the society through creation of
jobs, supply chains and community development.
Retail pharmacy design in abroad Retail Pharmacy Design Solutions customized for business
& drug dispensing system.
Mechanism of retail pharmacy in abroad
1. Accept and check prescription
2. Review and process
3. Select/prepare and check
4. Label and assemble 5. Supply and counsel
1. Accept and check prescription details
• Prescriber details
• Patient details
• Medicare
• Confirm items to be dispensed
• Preference for generic medicine

10. 10
2. Review and process
Script validity
I. Meets legal requirements
II. Pharmaceutical benefits scheme eligibility
Safety and appropriateness
I. Safe dosage
II. Contra-indications (not appropriate with certain medical conditions)
III. Appropriateness of prescription for age, weight etc.
Review patient’s dispensing history
I. New or changed therapy
II. Duplication
III. Interactions (drug-drug, drug-disease state, drug-herb)
IV. Compliance issues (is medicine being taken as prescribed?)
V. Unusual use
VI. Misuse/abuse issues
Patient-specific factors
I. Age
II. Allergies
III. Other health condition
3. Select/prepare and check
Select product
I. Appropriate drug, brand, strength, form, quantity
II. Repack if needed (non-standard quantity)
III. Prepare where needed (reconstitute or compound from raw ingredients)
Dispensing check
I. Correct drug, brand, strength, form, quantity
II. Correct formula/methodology for compounded products
III. Confirm pharmaceutical benefits scheme processing
4. Label and assemble
Label and assemble dispensed products
I. Review expiry, instructions, and cautionary labels
II. Conduct barcode scan check
III. Complete documentation and records
IV. Organize counselling aids (e.g. written materials)

11. 11
5. Supply and counsel
Supply medicine to patient
I. Correct patient?
II. Correct medicines?
III. Documentation present?
IV. Unusual storage/discard requirements?
V. Patient/ carer understands directions/advisories?
VI. Clarify patient/ carer issues
VII. Obtain patient/ carer signature for supply
Counsel patient/carer on safe and appropriate Use.
Overall mechanism of retail pharmacy in Abroad

12. 12
Reference:
1. https://quizlet.com/144768993/lesson-6-types-of-retail-pharmacy-flash-cards/
2. https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-retail-
chainpharmacy
3. www.slideshare.com (Retail pharmacy practice in Bangladesh & Abroad)
4. www.google.com
5. www.wikipedia.com