FAMILIARIZATION WITH AVIONICS SUITE

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ASD 13 Jan, 2022
LAB N0.1
FAMILIARIZATION WITH AVIONICS SUITE
OBJECTIVE
Familiarization of the student with avionics suite
of Boeing-777 a 4th generation aircraft comprising of
following Subsystems:
1) HMI
2) AIRDATA System
3) Radar System
4) Communication system
5) Navigation system
6) Computer(s)
7) Data bus(es)
PROCEDURE
Gather the information on functions and technologies
for above mentioned subsystems from open source.
1.HMI
HMI stand for Human-Machine Interface. Here I’m going
to discuss about the HMI of Boeing-777.So, here HMI
mean Interface of Pilot with Cockpit of Boeing-777.
From the above Picture of Cockpit of the Boeing-777.

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I am going to Explain the function and name of their
Labels Characters (i.e., A, B, C etc.) in Tabular
form.
Letter Instrument Explained
A
Primary
Flight
Display
This screen contains your
attitude indicator, airspeed,
altitude, and much more. It
also shows whether you are
aligned on the glideslope and
the localizer for the ILS.
B
Navigation
Display
This screen shows a map of your
flight plan with two different
modes and zoom levels.
Surrounding live air traffic
is also now displayed on this
map. See more information
below on which mode means what
and how to read the map.
C
Engine and
Crew Alert
Display
This screen shows the main
engine information such as N1,
amount of fuel on board, and
much more. There are also
alerts that popup to alert the
pilots the status of the
aircraft.
D
Standby
Attitude
Indicator
This standby screen acts as a
backup that contains the same
main data as the Primary
Flight Display.
E Gear Lever
This lever controls your
landing gear.
F Multifunction
Display
Displays example checklists
which currently do not operate
within Infinite Flight.
G
Flight
Management
Display Unit
This screen shows data of the
aircraft such as ground speed,
GPS position, time, and track.
H
Radio
Management
Panel
Displays the current active
ATC frequency you are tuned
to.
I Spoiler Lever
This lever controls your
spoiler’s position.

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J
Throttle
Control
These levers control the
amount of thrust for your
aircraft.
K Flap Lever
This lever controls your flaps
position.
L
Autopilot
Control Panel
This panel shows autopilot
information such as selected
airspeed, heading, vertical
speed, and altitude (ASL).
M
Standby
Heading
Indicator
This standby magnetic compass
displays current aircraft
heading as a backup.
OTHER BUTTONS AND SWITCHES:

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Primary Flight Display:
Navigation Display:

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Engine and Crew Alert Display:
MANUFACTURER OF HMI OF BOEING-777:
PPG:
As the sole manufacturer of original-equipment
cockpit windows for 777 airplanes, PPG is the only
supplier able to provide the latest enhancements for
replacement windshields and glass or acrylic side
cockpit windows. For operators of 777 airplanes, PPG
provides options to meet transparency replacement
needs.
2. AIRDATA System
Sr. N0. AIRDATA System
1 Air Data Inertial Reference System
2 Air Data Modules
3 Air Data Inertial Reference Unit (ADIRU)
4 ADIRU Preflight Alignment/Operation
5
Secondary Attitude Air Data Reference Unit
(SAARU)
AIR DATA INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM:

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The air data inertial reference system provides
flight data such as position speed altitude and
attitude.
For the flight displays flight management computers
flight controls engine controls other systems
requiring inertial or air data
the major components of the air data inertial
reference system are air data modules the air data
inertial reference unit or ADERO and the secondary
attitude error data reference unit or SAARU the
ADAIRU is the primary flight data source while the
SAARU acts as an automatic backup to the ADAIRU the

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SAARU is the dedicated data source for the standby
attitude indicator first.
the air data modules receive and process data from 3
pitot probes and 6 static ports two per module.
two standby modules provide dedicated inputs to the
standby airspeed indicator and standby altimeter the
ADIRU and SAARU receive three independent bus inputs
to calculate air speed mock altitude and other air
data parameters both units independently compare the
inputs and validate which signals should be used in

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their calculations and other displays the ADIRU and
SAARU also receive data from two angle of attack
sensors and one total error temperature or TAT probe
TAT is displayed on SAARU
the ADIRU contains electronic sensors
and non-mechanical laser gyroscopes which measure
airplane movement in all three axes signals from the
sensors and gyros are used to calculate the
airplane's attitude heading ground track ground speed
and the airplane's latitude and longitude position.

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AIR DATA REFERENCE
Pitot-static system
The air data reference (ADR) component of an ADIRU
provides airspeed, Mach number, angle of attack,
temperature and barometric altitude data. Ram air
pressure and static pressures used in
calculating airspeed are measured by small ADMs
located as close as possible to the
respective pitot and static pressure sensors. ADMs
transmit their pressures to the ADIRUs through ARINC
429 data buses.
INERTIAL REFERENCE
The IR component of an ADIRU gives attitude, flight
path vector, ground speed and positional
data. The ring laser gyroscope is a core enabling
technology in the system, and is used together
with accelerometers, GPS and other sensors to
provide raw data. The primary benefits of a ring
laser over older mechanical gyroscopes are that
there are no moving parts, it is rugged and
lightweight, frictionless and does not resist a
change in precession.
THE OVER ALL AIRDATA SYSTEM

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MANUFACTURER OF AIRDATA SYSTEM:
AMETEK SFMS has worked with major
commercial Airplanes in regrading of Accelerometers
Air Data Sensors Aircraft Fluid Level Sensors in
which boeing-777 is also included.
3. RADAR SYSTEM
WEATHER RADAR
Weather radar is a type of radar used to provide an
indication to pilots of the intensity of convective
weather. Typically, the radar antenna is located in
the nose of the aircraft. Signals from the antenna
are processed by a computer and presented on a screen
which may be viewed by the pilots.
Radar Display
Radar Control Panel:
Model DP05 Weather radar control panel for Boeing 777
simulated cockpit.

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ASD 13 Jan, 2022
MANUFACTURER OF RADAR SYSTEM:
Since the 1950s, Honeywell has been a leader in the
airborne weather radar systems for all types of
aircraft.
SECONDARY RADAR:
Secondary radar, which relies on targets being
equipped with a transponder, also requests additional
information from the aircraft - such as its identity
and altitude.
All commercial aircraft are equipped with
transponders (an abbreviation of "transmitter
responder"), which automatically transmit a unique
four-digit code when they receive a radio signal sent
by radar.

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The code gives the plane's identity and radar
stations go on to establish speed and
direction by monitoring successive transmissions.
This flight data is then relayed to air traffic
controllers.
However, once an aircraft is more than 240km (150
miles) out to sea, radar coverage fades and air crew
keep in touch with air traffic control and other
aircraft using high frequency radio.
Transponder of Boeing 777
4.COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
The Communication systems of an aircraft are very
important- the avionics within the aircraft are
normally carefully chosen so it not only allows the
pilots to communicate with the Air Traffic Control
(ATC), but it also allows communication between the
pilots and passengers, and most importantly, between
the actual aircraft and the pilots.

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Although the large majority of modern-day aircrafts
have the capability of communication in several
different ways, the Boeing 777 sparked a particular
interest to me simply because of the way it
communicates.
These Communication Sub-Systems used in Boeing-777
 High-Frequency (HF) radio transmit/receive.
 Very High Frequency (VHF) radio
transmit/receive and an Aircraft Communications
Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS).

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 Selective Calling (SELCAL) – HF/VHF.
 Ultra-High-Frequency (UHF) radio
transmit/receive (225 to 400 MHz) – mainly used
in military communications.
 Satellite Communications (SATCOM) including
passenger telephone communications.
 Aircraft transponder and Air Traffic Control
(ATC) mode A/C and S.
 Traffic Collision and Avoidance System (TCAS).
SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
Satellite communications provide a more reliable
method of communications using the International
Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT) satellite
constellation which was originally developed for
maritime use.
Airborne SATCOM terminal transmit frequency – to MHz,
receive frequency – 1530 to 1559 MHz
A SATCOM system typically comprises the following
units:
Satellite Data Unit (SDU).
Radio Frequency Unit (RFU).
Amplifiers, Diplexers/Splitters.
Low-gain antenna.

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High-gain antenna.
5.NAVIGATION SYSTEM
There are different types of radio NAVAIDS used in
Boeing-777:
1. Automatic Direction Finder and Nondirectional
Radio Beacon.
2. VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR)
3. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
4. Instrument Landing System (ILS)
5. Weather Radar
GPS
The GPS architecture consists of three segments these
are the user segment the satellite segment and the
control segment let's first understand the basics of
user segment the user segment consists of the
components installed on the Boeing-777 triple sound
aircraft the two GPS antennas are installed at
The top of the fuselage and are called the left and
the right GPS antennas the GPS antennas receive l-
band frequency signals and send them to the multi-
mode receivers or MMR the GPS antenna impedance is
50 ohms this is the schematic diagram of a GPS
System in Boeing-777 triple seven the multi-mode
receiver also called the MMR is the heart of GPS
system the left MMR is located in the e12 shelf the

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ASD 13 Jan, 2022
center MMR is on e1 3 shelf and the right MMR is on
the e23 shelf
MMR uses the satellite data to calculate the:
Latitude
 Longitude
 Altitude
 Universal Time
 Date
 North/South Velocity
 East/West Velocity
 Vertical Velocity
 Track Angle
 Autonomous Integrity Limit
satellite position and MMR status the power supply
makes various ac voltages from the 115-volt ac input
to the multi-mode receiver the MMR sends 12-volt dc
on the center conductor of the antenna coax to the
amplifier in the GPS antenna.
MANUFACTURER:
Boeing's satellite factory sits in the sprawling
industrial zone surrounding Los Angeles
International Airport.

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ASD 13 Jan, 2022
6.COMPUTER(S)
Boeing 777 Primary Flight Computer
Object Type:
Signal/Data Processor
Navigation Display
This screen shows a map of your flight plan with two
different modes and zoom levels. Surrounding live air
traffic is also now displayed on this map. See more
information below on which mode means what and how
to read the map.
Engine and Crew Alert Display
This screen shows the main engine information such
as N1, amount of fuel on board, and much more. There
are also alerts that popup to alert the pilots the
status of the aircraft.

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ASD 13 Jan, 2022
Multifunction Display
Displays example checklists which currently do not
operate within Infinite Flight.
Flight Management Display Unit
This screen shows data of the aircraft such as ground
speed, GPS position, time, and track.

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ASD 13 Jan, 2022
Manufacturer:
GEC Avionics
7.DATA BUS(ES)
The ARINC (Aeronautical Radio Incorporated) 629 is a
bus system, i.e., a system used for data transmission
in the field of avionics. This is a term used for all
the electronic instruments in an aircraft - excluding
the cabin. Here, the data transmission takes place
at exactly specified time intervals and via a two-
wire line that may be either optical or electrical.
The Boeing 777, frequently also called “triple
seven”, was introduced in 1994, and even nowadays it
is the world’s largest twinjet aircraft which is used
to transport passengers. The original Boeing bus
system was developed by ARINC based on the ARINC 429
- ARINC 629.

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The high standard of this protocol is exemplified in
the diversity of the place of use, even though it is
naturally designed specifically for the Boeing 777
and speed. As such, data are transmitted at a rate
of 2 Mbps. Based on the ARINC 429, the ARINC 629
presents itself as a high performance-oriented
specification. The special feature when using an
ARINC protocol is the fact that in the standard,
there is no essential difference between the civilian
and the military version.

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ASD 13 Jan, 2022
MANUFACTURER OF DATA BUS(ES):
ECA GROUP are responsible for providing the ARINC 629
DATA BUS to Boeing Company.
RESULTS

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FAMILIARIZATION WITH AVIONICS SUITE