In this document I have explained about the meaning of "TENSES" and also rule of "SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE" with its examples.

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TENSES
DEFINITION: Tense refers to the state of the verb which indicates the time of the actions.
TYPES OF TENSES
 Main Type: There are basically three types of tenses. These are as below:
TENSES
1. The Present Tense 2. The Past Tense 3. The Future Tense
1. The Present Tense: When the time of action or event refers to the present time so it is known as
“present tense”.
Example: I write a Letter.
2. The Past Tense: When the time of action refers that the action or event already took place in past
so it is known as “past tense”.
Example: I wrote a letter.
3. The Future Tense: When the time of action refers that the action or event have not yet occurred
but it will occur in the future, is known as “future tense”.
Example: I will write a letter.
 Sub- Categories: There are four sub categories of these three tenses (Present,Past,Future). These
are as below:
SUB CATEGORIES OF TENSES
THE PRESENT TENSE THE PAST TENSE THE FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Present Tense 1. Simple Past tense 1. Simple Future Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense 2. Past Continuous Tense 2. Future Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense 3 Past Perfect Tense 3. Future Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect
Continuous Tense
4 Past Perfect Continuous
Tense
4 Future Perfect Continuous
Tense

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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
 It is also known as “Present Indefinite Tense”. It refersto indicate present period, to express a
habitual actions, universal truth or facts and to express an action taking place in the immediate
present.
EXAMPLES:
1. Ram works in this office. (Present period)
2. I get up at 6 AM everyday. (Habitual action)
3. Honesty is the best policy. (Universal truth)
4. Here comes the bus. (Immediate present)
RULES:
 Affirmative Sentence Rule: It is also known as ‘Positive sentence’. So the rule is:
 When the subject of the sentence is singular noun or third person singular ( He/She/It) then we have
to add ‘ s or es’ in the verbs but if the subject of the sentence is Plural noun or first/second/third
(plural) person ( I/We/You/They) then we write only first form of the verb in the sentence.
 Rules 1 :
(Sub)SUBJECT (Singular noun/He/She/It) + VERB Ist form (V1) + S/ES +OBJECT (OB) +
OTHER THING (OT)
Ex. 1. Radha goes to school everyday.
(Sub) (V1+es) (Ob) (OT)
2. He reads newspaper in the morning.
3. She carries book in her bag.
4. Ram plays cricket in the field.
NOTE:
 Use of“ES” & “S” - When the verbs end with these letters “o, z , ss,x, s, sh, ch, y” then we have to
add ‘es’ in the verbs but if the verbs not end with these letters then we have to add ‘s’ in that verbs.
 EXAMPLES:
 When the verbs end with these letters “o, z , ss, x, s, sh, ch” then we have to add ‘es’ in it.
Ex: go+es - goes
buzz +es – buzzes
pass+es – passes
fix+ es – fixes
bus + es – buses
wash + es – washes
catch + es – catches,etc.
 When the verbs end with “Consonant + Yletter” then we have to replace ‘y’ with ‘ies’.
Ex: marry – marries
Study – studies
Carry – carries

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Worry – worries, etc
 When the verbs end with “Vowel + Yletter” then we have to add‘s’ in it.
Ex: play + s – plays
Enjoy + s – enjoys
Say + s – says,etc.
 Examples ofuses of‘s’ –
Read + s – reads
Write + s – writes
Like + s – likes , etc.
 Rules 2 :
(Sub) SUBJECT (Plural noun/ I/We/You/They) + VERB Ist form + OBJECT (OB) +OTHER
THING (OT)
Examples:
1. I go to school everyday.
2. Students play football in the ground.
3. We sing songs in the play.
4. You write story in the exams.
5. They read newspaper in group.
 Negative Sentence Rule:
 When the subject of the sentence is singular noun or third person singular ( He/She/It) then we use
“DOES” as a helping verb (H.V) in the sentence but if the subject of the sentence is Plural noun or
first/second / third (plural) person ( I/We/You/They) then we use “DO” as a helping verb in the
sentence.
 Rules 1:
SUBJECT (Singular noun/He/She/It) +Helping Verb (DOES)+ NOT+VERB Ist form + OBJECT +
OTHER THING
Examples:
1. He does not write a letter.
2. Raju does not play out door games.
3. She does not cook food.
4. It does not happen in my home.
 Rules 2:
SUBJECT (Plural noun/ I/We/You/They) +Helping Verb (DO) + NOT+ VERB Ist form +
OBJECT+ OTHER THING
Examples:
1. I do not live in Delhi.
2. We do not protest against teachers.

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3. You do not misbehave with your classmate.
4. My friends do not like gossiping.
5. They do not want to go to party.
 Interrogative Sentence Rules: It is also known as ‘Question Sentence’.
 There are two way to ask questions and give answer to the question sentences. First, when the
question start with the ‘helping verb’ then we give answer with YES or NO and when the question
start with ‘question word’ (what,when, how, which, why etc.) then we give answer in statement.
 Example:
1. Ques:Do you live in Noida?
Ans: Yes,I live in Noida.
OR
No, I do not live in Noida.
2. Ques: Why do you not play football?
Ans: I do not play football because I don’t like it.
 Rules 1:
Helping Verb (DO/DOES) + SUBJECT+ NOT (ifrequired) + Verbs I form + OBJECT + OTHER
THING +?
Examples:
1. Do you like study?
2. Does he not like chocolate?
 Rules 2:
Question Word (what, where, when, how, who, which, why etc.) + (Helping Verb (DO/DOES) +
SUBJECT + NOT (ifrequired) + Verbs I form + OBJECT + OTHER THING +?
Examples:
1. Where does Ram live?
2. Why do you not write home work?