2. CONTENT
What is Acoustic?
What is Sound?
Characteristics of Sound
Reflection of sound
Absorption
Sound Insulation
Wall Insulation
Floors and ceilings Insulation
Noise Control in Residential Building
3. WHAT IS ACOUSTIC?
The word ‘acoustics’ is originally derived from a Greek word meaning ‘to hear’.
‘Acoustics is the science of sound, which deals with origin, propagation and auditory
sensation of sound. It also deals with designs and construction of different building units to
set optimum conditions for producing and listening speech, music etc.
4. WHAT IS SOUND?
Sound is generated in the air when a surface is vibrated. The vibrating surface setup waves of
compression and rarefraction in the air and these set the ear drum vibrating. The movements
of the ear drum are translated by the brain into sound sensation.
5. WHAT IS NOISE?
When the sound wave is non-periodic, irregular and very short duration, it produces
displeasing effect. Such a sound is known as noise.
6. CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND
Soft surfaces, such as textiles, and batt insulation, tend to absorb sound waves, preventing
them from further motion.
Hard surfaces, such as ceramic tile, gypsum board, or wood, tend to reflect sound waves,
causing ‘echo’. Reverberation is the term used to describe sound waves that are reflected
off of surfaces.
Dense, massive, materials, such as concrete or brick, tend to transmit sound waves through
the material.
High frequency sound waves (think of a high whistle) are not capable of being transmitted
through massive, heavy, material.
Low frequency sound waves (bass) are transmitted through massive materials.
7. REFLECTION OF SOUND
Sound wave also gets reflected as light waves do. Bouncing back of sound wave from the surface of
solid or liquid is called reflection of sound.
8. ABSORPTION
When a sound wave strikes a surface, a part of its energy is absorbed by friction. This is known as absorption.
It is measured in sabin.
The sound generated in auditorium or hall is absorbed in 4 ways:
1. In the air
2. By the audience
3. In furniture and furnishing
4. At the boundary surfaces such as floors, walls, ceilings, etc.
9. SOUND INSULATION
Sound Insulation is the measure by which the transmission of sound/noise from inside to
outside or vice-versa or from one room to the other is prevented.
The function of a sound absorbent material is to absorb and thus reduce the sound reflected
from a surface.
12. 1. RIGID HOMOGENEOUS WALLS
A rigid wall consists of stone, brick or concrete masonry construction, well plastered on one
or both sides.
Sound insulation depends upon their per unit area.
Sound insulation increases with the increase in the thickness of the wall.
13. 2. PARTITION WALLS OF POROUS MATERIALS
The porous materials may be rigid or non-rigid.
Rigid porous materials increases insulation 10% than the non-porous materials.
However, non-porous material offer very low sound insulations.
14. 3. DOUBLE WALL PARTITION
Consists of plaster board or fibre boards
or plaster on laths on both the faces with
sound absorbing blanket in between.
15. 4. CAVITY WALL CONSTRUCTION
The two faces of the wall may be fixed with celotex or other insulating board.
The width of cavity should be at least 5 cm and the two wall leaves should be tied by use of
only light butterfly wall ties.
16. FLOORS AND CEILINGS INSULATION
Use of resilient materials on floors
Concrete floor floating construction
Timber floor floating construction
Timber floor with suspended ceiling and air space
skirting
17. 1. USE OF RESILIENT MATERIALS ON FLOOR
By covering floor with resilient material such as
insulation board, linoleum, cork, asphalt etc.
This provision helps to damp the impact noises.
An insulation of 5 to 10 dB over the base concrete
floor may be obtained with such a material.
20. 4. TIMBER FLOOR WITH SUSPENDED CEILING AND
AIR SPACE
air borne & structure borne
use metal hanger to support ceiling of RCC slab
21. 5. SKIRTING
The larger the contact area it provides between
the floor area the walls, the lower would be the
insulation.
An air gap or resilient material between the
skirting and the floor is provided.
22. NOISE CONTROL IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Double wall construction
Construction of false ceiling
Properly gasketing
Less opening
Airgap as sound insulation
Use sound insulation material
Construct floating floor
Use personal protective device