This document provides information about several major social science theories:
1) Structural functionalism examines how social systems function to maintain social order and stability.
2) Marxism is a sociopolitical philosophy based on the ideas of Karl Marx that views society as characterized by class struggle between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. It aims for a classless society with common ownership.
3) Symbolic interactionism views society as the product of everyday interactions between individuals and focuses on how people understand reality through the meanings derived from social interactions and the symbols used to communicate.
1. Basic concepts and principles
of the major social science
theories:
a) Structural-functionalism b) Marxism c) Symbolic
Interaction
c) Symbolic Interaction
2.
3. 1. What is Marxism?
is a sociological, political, and
economic philosophy that is
based on the ideas and
theories
4. 2. It is characterized by a classless society
having common ownership of property and
resources (means of production).
Communist society
5. 3.Who are the fathers of Marxism
theory?
Karl Marx and Friedrich
Engels (1820–1895)
6. 4.What are the two classes in society
created in Industrial capitalism?
Bourgeoisie
Proletariat
7. to treat the economic status equally
for every individual in the society.
5.What is the purpose of
Marxism
Social equality
8. SOCIAL INEQUALITY
• In a capitalist society, oppression and exploitation are among the social
inequalities that exist between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.
• Marx argued that the profit from goods should be equally divided among
the laborers since they are the ones who work to produce such goods. But
in reality, they are given low wages and are often asked to work in terrible
working conditions.
• For Marx, capitalists steal by taking the profit for themselves, while leaving
the workers with salaries disproportionate to the work that they provide.
9.
10. OBJECTIVES
•Explain in the theories on Symbolic
Interactions.
• Enumerates the examples of symbolic
interactionism in everyday life.
12. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
-is a theory on society that focuses on the
individuals interactions with other objects or
people.
- It perceives reality through the compositions of
social interactions and the understanding of the
meanings of these social interactions that
provide a perspective on social order and social
13.
14. HISTORY
•The first person to write about the principles
underlying Symbolic Interactionism was George
Herbert Mead (1934). Mead, an American
philosopher, argued that people develop their self-
image through interactions with other people.
15.
16. SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
According to GEORGE HERBERT MEAD.
•Symbolic interactionism is a theoretical approach to
understanding the relationship between humans and
society. The basic notion of symbolic interactionism is
that human action and interaction are understandable only
though the exchange of meaning communication or
symbols.
17. WHAT IS GEORGE HERBERT MEAD SYMBOLIC INTERACTION
THEORY?
18. SOCIETY
IS THE PRODUCT OF THE EVERYDAY
INTERACTIONS. DON’T LOOK AT
THE BIG PICTURE; LOOK AT THE
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE
19. • An image of a stick figure with a dress means woman.
• An image of a stick figure without a dress means man.
• A drawing of a heart means love.
• A bald eagle means freedom and America.
• A stick figure sitting in a chair with a large wheel means
handicapped.
• Putting your thumb up means yes.
• Putting your thumb down means no.
•Simple Symbolic Interactionism
Examples in Everyday Life
20. EXAMPLES OF SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM IN SOCIETY
American Flag
•The American flag to some is a symbol of freedom,
hope, and pride. However, for others, the American
flag can be seen as a symbol of oppression.
Depending on your interaction with the American
flag, the meaning behind it will be different.
21. EXAMPLES OF SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM IN SOCIETY
•Gender
It can be understood through symbolic interactionism
because gender is a sociological construct. For example,
for the symbols attached to “males” and “females”, actions
and looks are based on what is believed is true from your
interactions rather than what is objectively true. For
example, women might be seen as weaker than men.
22.
23. EXAMPLES OF SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM IN SOCIETY
•Relationship Roles
Symbolic interactionism plays a big role in family
and relationships. Your understanding of a word or
event changes based on interactions with it. For
example, if you have a great relationship with your
wife, the word wife will be positive.
24.
25. What Are the Three Premises of
Symbolic Interactionism?
According to sociologists Howard S. Becker and Blanche
Geer, symbolic interactionism has three main premises:
1. Reality is created through social interactions.
2. As people interact with others, they create shared
meaning from the symbols involved in these
conversations (and symbols are actions or things that
have meanings attached to them).
3. These shared meanings are what define social
behavior and the actions of individuals.
26. -Symbolic interaction can be summed up as the study of human
behavior in terms of meanings. The idea is that humans do not just
act upon their environment, but they also interpret their environment
and then respond to it.
-This theory is helpful because it can be used to explain why people
behave in specific ways. It also shows how environmental factors
influence human behavior and how human behavior can affect the
environment (Wikipedia).
-Symbolic interaction theory studies verbal communication and
body language and even actions with no words attached to them
(non-verbal) (e.g., a person nodding their head, crossing their
arms).
Symbolic interaction Theory in
Sociology
27.
28. • The symbolic interactionist perspective helps us better understand
the process by which people create their understanding of reality.
• Symbolic interactionist theory is important because if we can
understand how people come to understand the world around
them, we can better explain why individuals hold particular beliefs
and act in certain ways.
• With this perspective on life, it is believed that people affect one
another through their interactions. Their actions can sometimes be
unintentional, but they have consequences for their individual lives
and other social units.
What is the Importance of Symbolic Interactionism?
29. What are your experiences that
could relate the theory of symbolic
interactionism
