This document lists the top 10 mathematicians in history and provides brief descriptions of their notable works and contributions. Some of the mathematicians featured include Leonhard Euler, who introduced trigonometric functions and the mathematical constant e; Carl Friedrich Gauss, who made major contributions to number theory and algebra; and Euclid, who is considered the father of geometry and authored one of the greatest mathematical works of all time, Elements. The list also includes mathematicians like Alan Turing, known for formulating algorithms and computations for computers, and Pythagoras, commonly credited with the Pythagorean theorem.