3. The Table in General
• Columns (families)
– Called families
– Elements in a family have similar chemical
and physical properties
– As you go from the top to the bottom of the
column the elements get larger.
5. The Table in General
• Rows (periods)
– Called periods
– First element in a period is a very reactive
solid metal
– Last element in a family is a very non-reactive
gas
– Elements get less reactive as you move right
• Reactive means to lose electrons
– Elements become less metallic as you move
to the right
8. Alkali Metals
• Shade this column yellow.
• One electron in the valence shell
– Valence means the outer shell
• Soft, less dense metals
• Most reactive of all metals
• React with water to form bases
• Never found free, alone, in nature
• Used to make soap, salt, baking soda
10. Alkaline Earth Metals
• Shade this column red
• Two electrons in the valance shell
• Harder, higher melting point, more
dense than Alkali metals (column 1)
• Very reactive
• Never found free in nature
13. Transition Elements
• Good conductors of heat and electricity
• Higher melting point than first two families
• Some are hard and brittle
• Some combine with oxygen to form oxides
• Form brightly colored compounds
15. Rare Earth Elements
• Shade the elements light blue/teal.
• 1st
Row Lanthanide Series
– Soft, malleable, great conductors, used to make
alloys (mixed metals w/ metals or nonmetals)
• 2nd
Row Actinide Series
– all but three are synthetic, manmade.
17. Boron Family
• Shade all the elements Green.
• Three electrons in the valance shell
• Collection of "odd ducks"
– boron is a metalloid
– aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium
are poor metals
• Aluminum is the third most abundant
element on earth.
19. Carbon Family
• Shade all elements Dark Blue
• Four valence electrons
• Form organic compounds
– Organic means alive or living
• Silicon is the second most abundant
element on earth
• Tin resists Oxidation and Corrosion
• Lead is very dense and poisonous
21. Nitrogen Family
• Shade this family Brown.
• Five electrons in the valance shell
• Stable, do not combine easily
• Nitrogen is the most abundant in
earths atmosphere. Uses: Fertilizer,
dyes, explosives Ex NH3 (Ammonia)
• Phosphorus: Match tips
• Arsenic: Rat Poison
23. Oxygen Family
• Shade all elements in this family
Orange.
• 6 outer electrons
• Oxygen supports burning, is very
reactive, combines with many other
elements
• Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: Brittle,
combine easily with other elements
25. Halogen Family
• Shade all elements in this family Pink
• Seven valence electrons.
• Most chemically reactive non-metals
• Never found free in nature
• Low melting and boiling point
• As gases they form diatomic elements
ex. F2, Cl2
27. Noble Gas Family
• Shade all elements in this family gray.
• Full valance shell, He 2 electrons Ne,
Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn all have 8 electrons
• Inert, do not combine with other
elements
• He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in
windows, Xe- photographic lamps,
Rn- Treats cancer
29. Hydrogen (no family)
• Shade this element no color.
• One valance electron
• Highly reactive
• Highly combustible
• Colorless odorless gas at room
temperature
33. Properties of a metal.
• Physical
– Superior electric and thermal conductivity
– High luster
– High density
– Malleable
– Alkali and Alkaline earth metals are reactive,
low density, low hardness, low melting point
34. Properties of a metal.
• Chemical
– Form positively charges ions
– Oxidize easily
– React with acid
– Some react with water to form a base
35. Properties of a non-metal
• Chemical
– Form negatively charged ions
• Physical
– Brittle when solid
– Most are solid and gas (Bromine is a liquid)
– Not thermally or electrically conductive
– Lower melting points and boiling points than
metals
36. Definition of a Metalloid
• An element which is like both a metal and
a non-metal in terms of malleability,
ductility, conductivity and luster
37. • Vertical lines______________________________
• Horizontal rows____________________________
• Elements on the zigzag______________________
• Elements on the top right____________________
• 1 valance electron reactive family______________
• 2 valance electron reactive family______________
• 3-12 families ______________________________
• Elements that form salts_____________________
• Elements that do not react___________________
• Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic
table___________________________________
• Element that is all alone_____________________
Families total of 11
Periods total of 7
Metalloids
Non-Metals
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Elements
Halogens
Nobel Gas or Inert Gases
Rare Earth elements
Hydrogen
39. Example Element
1. Element: _______________
2. Symbol: ________________
3. Atomic mass: _____________
4. Atomic number:______________
5. Family: _____________________
6. Period: ____________
7. Number of total electrons: _________
8. Number of valance electrons: _______
Iridium
Ir
192.271
77
Transition Element # 9
6
77
2
