1. Cycle 3: Describing Matter
Howard/Tuskegee

2. Videos on Matter …
• What is Matter (Discovery Channel)
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYFAj50c7xM)
• States of Matter Rap
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBBmdqti_Kg)

3. What is Matter?
1. Matter – Anything that has mass AND volume (occupies space)
Examples of things that are matter: Anything that can be expressed
with a chemical formula from the elements on the periodic table
(e.g. Water = H2O, Table Salt = NaCl, Nicotine = C10H14N2)
Examples of things that are NOT matter: Energy (e.g. sound, heat,
light, etc.), rainbows, information, (mirror) reflections, emotions

4. Properties of Matter
2. Physical Property – a characteristic of a pure substance that
can be observed without changing it into another substance
-Intensive Physical Property – a physical property which
does not depend on the amount of matter
Examples: color, density, electrical conductivity, hardness,
luster, texture, magnetism, melting point, boiling point
-Extensive Physical Property – a physical property which
depends on the amount of matter being measured
Examples: length, mass, volume, weight, # of particles

5. Properties of Matter (cont.)
3. Chemical Property – a characteristic of a pure substance
that describes its ability to change into a different substance
Examples: Reactivity with other chemicals, toxicity, flammability
(combustibility), chemical stability, types of chemical bonds that
can form

6. Physical Property vs. Chemical Property
4. A physical property can be observed/measured without
changing the original matter.
5. A chemical property can only be observed by changing
the chemical identity of the original matter.
• Properties of Matter – Physical & Chemical Properties
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oF0lN0jZYx0)

7. Specific Physical Properties Definitions
6. Temperature – a measure of the average kinetic energy (energy of
motion) in the particles of a substance
• SI unit for temperature is Celsius (⁰C) or Kelvin (K)
7. Mass – a measure of how much matter is in an object
• SI unit for mass is grams
8. Volume – the amount of space matter takes up
• SI unit for volume is cubic meters (m3) or liters; 1 cubic meter = 1000 liters
9. Density – the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume (i.e.,
Mass/Volume); density of water = 1 g/mL or 1 g/cm3
• SI unit for density is kg/m3

8. Changes in Matter
10. Physical Change – a change in a substance that does not
change its identity; a change in any physical property of a
substance, not in the substance itself
Examples: Molding clay, crumpling paper, water freezing into ice,
rock melting into lava, dissolving sugar into water, mixing red and
green marbles

9. Changes in Matter (cont.)
11. Chemical Change – a change in which one or more substances
combine or break apart to form new substances
Examples: Iron rusting, burning wood, digesting food, baking a
cake, mixing an acid and a base
Signs that a chemical change has occurred include: 1) New color, 2)
New smell, 3) Gas bubbles or smoke, 4) An increase or decrease in
temperature

10. Physical Change vs. Chemical Change
• How to Tell Chemical & Physical Changes Apart
• A chemical change makes a substance that wasn't there before.
There may be clues that a chemical reaction took place, such as
light, heat, color change, gas production, odor, or sound. The
starting and ending materials of a physical change are the same,
even though they may look different.
• “Physical & Chemical Changes”
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vW9of4JYHY0 )

11. States of Matter
12. States of Matter – forms in which matter can exist
• Solid – a state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume
• Liquid – a state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite
volume
• Gas – a state of matter with no definite shape or volume
• Plasma – a gas-like state of matter consisting of a mixture of free
electrons (negatively-charged subatomic particles) and atoms that have
lost their electrons

12. How are physical properties related to physical changes?
How are chemical properties related to chemical changes?
• A physical change is a change in any physical property of a
substance, not in the substance itself
• Physical properties describe how a substance behave during a
physical change like ice melts at 0 degrees C is the property while
actual melting is the change
• Chemical properties describe how a substance behave during a
chemical change like iron may rust is the property while actual
rusting of iron is the change

13. Phase Changes
Phase Change
Definition
Example
Reverse Phase Change
Freezing
Liquid => Solid
Water freezing into ice
Melting
Melting
Solid => Liquid
Ice melting into water
Freezing
Condensation
Gas => Liquid
Water vapor condensing
into water on a mirror
Vaporization
Vaporization
Liquid => Gas
Water boiling and turning
into steam
Condensation
Deposition
Gas => Solid
Cold air turning into ice
crystals
Sublimation
Sublimation
Solid => Gas
Dry ice changing into
carbon dioxide gas
Evaporation – Vaporization occurring only on the surface level

15. Factors which Affect Phase Changes
• States of Matter & Phase Change – 3:08-5:40
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjyXIZtlHFo)
• Water Boiling @ Room Temperature, under a Vacuum
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoOQNwcrDWE)
(*Pressure Cookers …)

16. How Pressure
Cookers Work

17. Resources
• http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_changes.html
• (How do we use properties to help us describe matter?)
http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/learningcentres/file.php/97800
70726901/olc2/dl/699403/2_2.pdf

18. Charles’ Law – (Gas Behavior)
• “Liquid Nitrogen Experiments: The Balloon”
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgTTUuJZAFs)