2. CULTURE FISHERY
The controlled rearing and breeding of fish by man on
scientific lines in a confined water mass such as pond,
reservoir, paddy field etc.
It is an occupation or business of catching the fishes.
Its of two kinds:-
(A) Marine Fisheries (live in seas)
(B) Inland Fisheries (live in freshwater)
Inland fisheries is further of two types:-
(A) Culture Fisheries (occur in small tanks or ponds)
(B) Capture Fisheries (occur in inland water)
Culture fisheries are of two types:
(A) Aquaculture
(B) Fish Culture( Pisciculture ) 2
3. FISH CULTURE/PISCICULTURE
Also called Pisciculture
Pisciculture is defined as the method for culture and
rearing of fish and shell fish. Pisciculture is now carried
out in freshwater ponds. Paddy fileds, lakes and even in
artificial tanks and reservoirs. It involves raising fish
commercially in tanks and enclosures usually for food.
Principal form of Aquaculture
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4. IMPORTANCE OF PISCICULTURE
Pisciculture has a vital role in augmenting food
production as the world demand for fish products is
increasing steadily .
It helps to utilize the vast areas like paddy fields can be
used for culturing of fishes.
Culture of selected varieties of fish will help in a good
yield of commercial forms.
Artificial feed enhances the growth ratio of fishes and
therefore helps in early harvest.
Pisiculture generate employment for many people
especially in the rural areas of developing countries
5. Characteristics of farm
Water is an essential medium for the culture of fish,
The depth of the pond has an important bearing on the quality of
water. In shallow ponds, sunlight penetrates up bottom thus
faciliting increased productivity, hence depths greater than five
meters are rare in fish ponds.
Temperature is another important physical factor of the water. As
fishes are cold blooded, their activity depends on the
temperature of the environment. All activities in fishes slow
down with fall in temperature: so growth of the fish thus
depends much on the temperature.
The chemical conditions of water such as dissolved gases, PH,
inorganic compounds etc. are also very important in the
productivity of a pond.
Alkaline or natural water is more productive than acid water. (PH
between 6.5 to 9)
Plants are essential for a fish farm, but is necessary to check
their growth and speeding beyond a limit.
Care should be taken against carnivorous fishes and water
beetles in fish farms.
Water pollution should be controlled.
6. CLASSIFICATION
Fish Culture is classified in several ways, depending upon the
different aspects and situations involved in the culture practice.
On the basis of Water bodies
Pond fish culture
Culturing of fishes occur in water bodies i.e. Ponds
Brackish water culture
Brackish water is a mixture of seawater and freshwater with a salinity less than
30ppt like estuaries, backwaters etc.
Reservoir fish culture
Fish farming in man made lakes
Coastal fish culture
Fish farming occur in coastal water body areas 6
7. On the basis of Management
Extensive fish farming system
Least managed form of farming system
Large ponds ranging 1 to 5 ha in area are used for farming
Production:- 1 -2 tons /ha/yr
Semi-intensive fish farming system
Involves rather small ponds (0.5 to 1 hectare in area)
Harvest – 2500 to 10000 kgs (Fish)
Production:- 10 tons/ha/yr
Intensive fish farming system
Intensive fish farming system is the well-managed form of fish farming
To achieve maximum production of fish from a minimum quantity of water
Production:- 20-200 tons/ha/yr
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8. On the basis of species stocked for farming
Monoculture
Only one fish species is reared in a culture system
Trout, tilapia, catfishes, carps, shrimp
Polyculture
Two or more different fish species are farmed
Polyculture practices give higher yield than monoculture
The principal requirements of different species for polyculture are
Different feeding habits
Should occupy different columns in a pond system
Should attain marketable size at same time
Should be non predatory in behaviour 8
9. On the basis of enclosures
(a) Cage culture
Rearing of fish from juvenile stage to commercial size in a volume of water
enclosed on all sides
Cage culture is suitable to water areas which cannot be drained
Merits of Cage Culture
Effective use of existing water bodies
Lower capital cost
High density stocking is possible
Prevents predators and competitors
Demerits of Cage Culture
It does not work where water current is very strong
It requires regular inspection for diseased or dead fishes 9
10. Criteria for selecting fish for use
in enclosures:
Value of fish and market demand
Hardiness (in terms of ability to adjust to
high density culture, disease and handling).
Ready availability of fish seed or juvenile
fish for stocking
Fast growth in confined waters
Availability of suitable feeds
13. PEN CULTURE
Pen culture is defined as raising of fish in a volume of water
enclosed on all sides except bottom
Pens are made with metal wire mesh or nilon nets
Merits of Pen Culture
High production is ensured
It generates employment
Requires relatively low investment
Rich food and oxygen supply are brought in pens
Demerits of Pen Culture
Harvesting is harder than cage culture
Unfavourable weather conditions can damage the pens
Rapid spread of diseases
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14.
15. On the basis of climatic conditions
(a) Warm water fish culture
It utilizes water bodies of tropical regions
(b) Cold water fish culture
It uses water masses of temperate regions and hills
16. CONCLUSION
The culturing and rearing of fish and shell fish is known as
pisciculture.
Indian has a vast area of natural and artificial water bodies as
paddy fields, lakes, ponds, rivers, swamps, irrigation channels
and reservoirs.
Fish faming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or
enclosers, usually for food.
The most important fish species used in fish farming are carp,
salmon, tilapia and cat fish.
There is an increasing demand for fish and fish protein, which
has resulted in widespread overfishing in wild fisheries.
Fish meal and fish oil are of greater economic importance. So
psiciculture has greater economic importance,