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08 types of tree
- 2. Chapter 8 Types of Tree
- 3. Trees – 2 groups • Coniferous • Softwood • Needle-like leaves • Deciduous • Hardwood • Broad leaves
- 4. Deciduous trees (hardwoods) • • • • • • • • • Produce hardwood timber Lose their leaves in autumn (except holly) Trunk divides to develop large branches Branches are larger and more irregular Broad leaves Seeds borne in nuts/berries Slow growing Wood is more valuable Wood is harder and more durable
- 5. Coniferous trees (softwoods) • • • • • • • • • • Produce softwood timber Evergreen (except larch) Straight trunk Smaller branches Needle-like leaves Seeds borne in pine cones Symmetrical in shape Grow quickly Wood is usually cheaper Wood is usually softer and less durable
- 7. Tree type Outstanding features Timber uses Oak •Hard, durable wood •Finishes well •Silver grain when cut radially Elm •Attractive grain •Resists splitting •Moisture resistant Birch •Not a large tree •Common in Ireland •Light-coloured wood •Making plywood •Furniture •Flooring Ash •Very common tree •Grows quickly •Hard, durable wood •Wood is light-coloured •Distinctive grain •Elastic properties •Hurleys •Furniture •Tool handles •Laminating •Furniture •Doors •Flooring •Boats •Barrels •Woodturning •Garden furniture •Outdoor projects
- 8. Oak (hardwood) • • • • • Seed called an acorn Hard, durable wood Finishes well Silver grain when cut radially Corrosive to steel – use brass fittings • Uses − − − − − Furniture Doors Flooring Boats Barrels
- 9. Ash (hardwood) • • • • • • Very common tree Grows quickly Hard, durable wood Wood is light-coloured Distinctive grain Elastic properties • Uses − Hurleys − Furniture − Tool handles − Laminating
- 10. Beech (hardwood) • Common slow growing tree with smooth grey bark • Light-coloured wood • Close-grained • Durable and hard-wearing • Uses − Furniture and flooring − Mallets, bench hooks, gauges − Kitchen utensils
- 11. Birch (hardwood) • Not a large tree • Common in Ireland • Light-coloured wood • Uses − Making plywood − Furniture − Flooring
- 12. Horse chestnut (hardwood) • Seeds – conkers • Light-coloured wood • Not durable • Uses − Packing cases − Wood pulp
- 13. Other hardwood tree’s •Elm •Spanish chestnut •Lime •Cherry •Sycamore •Maple
- 14. Elm (hardwood) Attractive grain • Resists splitting • Moisture resistant • Uses − Woodturning − Garden furniture − Outdoor projects
- 15. Spanish chestnut (hardwood) • Wood similar to oak • Light brown colour • Uses − Flooring − Kitchen units − Furniture
- 16. Lime (hardwood) • • • • Fast growing tree Absorbs air pollution Pale cream-coloured wood Easy to work with • Uses − Carving − Musical instruments
- 17. Cherry (hardwood) • Small decorative tree • Expensive wood • Rich brown colour • Uses − High-quality furniture − Flooring − Cabinets − Veneers
- 18. Sycamore (hardwood) • Very common in Ireland • Winged seeds – helicopters • Light-coloured wood • Uses − Carving − Veneering − Woodturning − Violin making
- 19. Maple (hardwood) • Hard-wearing wood • Light-coloured • Durable • Uses − Kitchen units − Maple flooring − Veneers − Furniture making
- 20. Coniferous trees
- 21. Scots pine (softwood) • Tall tree – few branches • Wood is light-coloured with a distinct grain • Wood is called red deal • Easy to work with • Finishes well • Uses − School project work − Construction timber − Doors and furniture
- 22. Douglas fir (softwood) • Needles grow all the way around the twig • Wood is reddish brown • Decorative grain • Light-weight and strong • Tough, durable wood • Resistant to decay • Uses − Outdoor furniture − Gates − Railway sleepers
- 23. Sitka spruce (softwood) • Most common in Irish forestry – likes wet soil • Strong wood • Straight-grained • Uses − Structural timber − Paper-making − Flooring − Fibreboard and chipboard manufacture
- 24. Larch (softwood) • Only conifer to lose needles in winter • Fast-growing, attractive tree • Wood is reddish colour • Wood tends to warp • Uses − Boat building − Light furniture − Exterior joinery − Fence posts
- 25. Lodgepole pine (softwood) • Needles in pairs and densely grouped • Attractive wood – reddish brown colour • Wood tends to have a lot of knots • Uses − Internal joinery − Chipboard and fibreboard manufacture
- 26. Timber regions of the world
- 27. Tropical Rainforests Climate has high rainfall and high temperature This area runs around the equator As there are no seasons growth occurs all year round Examples: Mahogany Balsa Ebony Teak
- 28. Quiz Do you know your trees?
- 29. Name the trees pictured below − Ash − Beech
- 30. Name the trees pictured below − Scots pine − Oak
- 31. What tree is shown on the Canadian flag? − Maple tree
- 32. Which conifer tree is the most common in Irish forestry plantations? − Sitka spruce
- 33. Name a conifer tree that is deciduous − The larch tree loses its leaves in winter
- 34. What type of trees grow in Zone A on the map? ZONE A − Coniferous trees