A tropical storm is a common natural disaster in the USA and India. However, it's interesting to see the difference in the way these two countries deal with their management. The following presentation talks about measures taken by these two countries while disaster management. All the references are mentioned in the slides on the go so for more information you can check them out as well.

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT OF
TROPICAL STORMS
COMPARISON OF USA’S AND INDIA’S STRATEGIES
MRINMAYI ALANDKAR

2. DISASTER
TYPE
EVENTS
PERCENT
FREQUENCY
PERCENT OF
TOTAL COSTS
DEATHS DEATHS/YEAR
Drought 29 9.4% 13.1% 4,139 99
Flooding 35 11.4% 7.8% 624 15
Freeze 9 2.9% 1.5% 162 4
Severe Storm 141 45.8% 15.3% 1,786 43
Tropical Storm 56 18.2% 53.6% 6,697 159
Wildfire 19 6.2% 5.2% 399 10
Winter Storm 19 6.2% 3.6% 1,223 29
All Disasters 308 100.0 100.0% 15,030 358
MOST
COMMON

3. WHAT STORMS AND HURRICANES
Tropical storms are tropical cyclones that have maximum
sustained winds of 39-73 mph.
Hurricanes are tropical cyclones with maximum sustained
winds of 74 mph or more.
The intensity of damage caused by hurricanes is way more
than the tropical storm.
HURRICANE OR CYCLONE?
Hurricanes are tropical storms that form over the North
Atlantic Ocean and Northeast Pacific.
Cyclones are formed over the South Pacific and Indian
Ocean.

4. WHAT CATEGORY OF HURRICANES
CATEGORY 1 TO CATEGORY 5

5. HOW
1. The warm ocean heats up the air above it.
2. The rising hot air evaporates and starts to spin.
3. The air as it rises up cools down and thus condenses
to form towering cumulonimbus clouds.
4. Intense low pressure sucks in air forming intense
strong winds.
Direction of rotation:
For both hurricanes and
cyclones, anti clockwise in
northern hemisphere and
clockwise in southern.

6. USA
INDIA
CYCLONE
2-4 PER YEAR
MEDIUM
INDIAN, PACIFIC
84 PER YEAR
MAY-JUN, OCT-NOV
ANTI CLOCKWISE
HURRICANE
5-7 PER YEAR
HIGH
PACIFIC, ATLANTIC
159 PER YEAR
AUG TO SEP
ANTI CLOCKWISE
TYPE
FREQUENCY
SEVERITY
OCEANS
AVG DEATHS
PERIOD
DIRECTION OF
ROTATION
BASIC COMPARISON OF THE DISASTER

7. TROPICAL STORM PRONE ZONES

8. USA
North Carolina
55 Hurricanes
Florida
120 Hurricanes
Alabama
24 Hurricanes
Georgia
22 Hurricanes
South Carolina
30 Hurricanes
Texas
64 Hurricanes
Louisiana
54 Hurricanes
Mississippi
19 Hurricanes
New York
15 Hurricanes
ATLANTIC OCEAN
PACIFIC OCEAN
Atlantic Hurricane season- June 1 to November 30, in the U.S. in August or September

9. Atlantic Hurricane season- June 1 to November 30, in the U.S. in August or September
INDIAN OCEAN
Gujrat
Daman
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Kerala
INDIA
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Odisha
West Bengal

10. 5 Steps of Disaster Management
1. Prevention: Actions taken to avoid an incident.
2. Mitigation: Actions taken to reduce the
seriousness or emergency if at all the disaster
occurs.
3. Preparedness: It includes community
involvement and initiatives to avoid or be
prepared for the disaster.
4. Response: Actions carried out immediately
before, during, and immediately after a hazard
impact, which are aimed at saving lives,
reducing economic losses, and alleviating
suffering.
5. Recovery: Actions taken to return a
community to normal or near-normal
conditions, including the restoration of basic
services and the repair of physical, social and
economic damages.
https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/public-safety/emergency-management/about/Steps-of-Emergency-Management.cfm

11. PREVENTION

12. USA TECHNOLOGY
US Government has several websites and pages dedicated for awareness and warning for
citizens. Some of the prominent websites are:
1. Federal Emergency Management
Agency (https://www.fema.gov/) is
a government organization working
for helping citizens pre, during and
post disasters.
2. This site includes Hurricane
Planning and Response which talks
about National Hurricane Program
(NHP).
(https://www.fema.gov/emergency
-managers/risk-management/hurric
anes)
3. The National Hurricane Program is
a partnership between FEMA, the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and
the NOAA National Hurricane
Center.

13. USA TECHNOLOGY
1. NOAA National Hurricane Center:
(https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/) is a
website which give live report of if
any tropical depression, storm or
hurricane is forming.
2. It gives data from central pacific
ocean, eastern pacific ocean and
atlantic ocean.
3. This website is open for all the
citizens to watch and helps
government to assess the
situation.
4. Data here comes from
meteorological department of
USA.

14. USA GOVERNMENT’S ACTION
Goals of NHP:
1. Provide data, resources, and technical assistance to support hurricane evacuation and
response planning.
2. Deliver comprehensive hurricane preparedness training to emergency managers and
partners.
3. Provide operation tools, information, and technical assistance to emergency managers to
support their hurricane evacuation and response decisions during hurricane threats.
Prevention plan includes:
1. Planning
2. Public information and warning
3. Operational coordination
4. Forensics and attribution
5. Intelligence and information sharing
6. Screen, Search and Detection
USA’s disaster management is carried out in accordance with the National Preparedness
Goals, which elaborately but broadly talks about the government’s policy.

15. INDIA TECHNOLOGY
1. National Disaster Management
Authority
(https://ndma.gov.in/Natural-H
azards/Cyclone) is a central
government website that
handles information regarding
all the disasters including
cyclones.
2. Certain building strategies are
suggested for cyclone prone
regions to have lesser impact of
cyclones.
3. It also includes NCRMP-
National cyclone risk
management project conducted
by government of India.
4. Several stations are established
to record or analyse upcoming
cyclones.

16. MITIGATION

17. USA TRAINING
1. There are up to 25 HURREVAC
trainings scheduled for
completion by 30 September
2021.
2. There are currently eight states
with active Hurricane Evacuation
Studies including: New Jersey,
Delaware, South Carolina,
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi,
SW Louisiana and Hawaii.
3. These studies include evacuation,
transportation and recovery during
and post hurricane.
BUDGET:
● FPMS funding $800,000
● FEMA funding $1,505,000
● FY2020 Completed Work: 27 in-person and
virtual HURREVAC trainings held (1,500+
users trained)
● FY2021 Scheduled Work: Up to 25
HURREVAC trainings (in-person and virtual)

18. INDIA TRAINING
Flood Risk Mitigation Scheme (FRMS)
The Scheme covers activities like
a) Pilot Projects for development of model Multi-Purpose Flood Shelters
b) Development of River Basin specific Flood Early Warning System and Digital
Elevation Maps for preparation of Inundation Models for giving early warning to
the villagers for evacuation in case of flood.
There is no mitigation policy or training policy directly mentioned for cyclone
response but similar program is included in army training and police/special
forces training.
FRMS is a scheme which covers activities for mitigation of floods which is an
often an after effect of cyclone.

19. PREPAREDNESS

20. USA COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
1. Special training programs and
awareness programs are runned for the
citizen to know about their part of
responsibility during the disaster.
2. Websites like
https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/features/hur
ricanepreparedness/ talks about various
steps that should be taken by citizens at
different level like family, community,
service towards senior citizens and pets
as well.
3. PREPAREDNESS AND SAFETY
MESSAGING FOR HURRICANES,
FLOODING, AND SIMILAR DISASTERS is
the manual for complete guidance from
start to end of the hurricanes.

21. INDIA COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
1. Elaborate list of do’s and don’ts
is provided on the NDMA
website for the citizens to refer
living in cyclone prone zone.
2. A user friendly website is built
that can be easily accessible by
all.
3. However as the literacy rate of
india is way less than the USA
its difficult to training people for
such situations.
4. People are very emotionally
attached to homes and
evacuation pre disaster
becomes difficult was studied
in research. .

22. RESPONSE

23. USA CASE STUDY- MARIA HURRICANE
After the hurricane arrived at 17th september the
work of federal government started immediately and
was quick to make most recovery in first 10 days

24. INDIA
● Prior to the landfall, 22,468 people
have been evacuated and
accommodated in 621 relief camps in
Odisha and 512 people have been
evacuated and accommodated in 16
relief camps in Srikakulam district in
Andhra Pradesh. According to media
reports, approximately three people
have died.
● As gulab cyclone wasn’t as intense, it
didn’t cause any big damages,
however evacuation helped a lot.
● The damage due to landfall was
reduced due to early response.
CASE STUDY- GULAB CYCLONE

25. RECOVERY

26. USA CASE STUDY- MARIA HURRICANE
After hurricane
4 years later
1. Puerto rico was affected by the
hurricane maria.
2. No matter how good the preparation
looks recovery of the area is very
slow.
3. Response helped in saving the area a
little but even 4 years later the
hurricane puerto rico hasn’t recovered
as expected.
4. The recovery policies of USA include
estimation plan, releasing fund and
recovery missions.
5. A good aspect of recovery seen in
USA is community involvement and
that helps in speedy recovery.

27. INDIA CASE STUDY- GULAB CYCLONE
1. The gulab cyclone happened very
recently and the recovery might take
time.
2. On an average India takes 5 years to
be completely recovered from a
cyclone.
3. The cyclones can cause damage at
varying levels.
4. Government has a provision to issue
funds for the affected area for its
recovery.
5. Building of roads and houses take
place under the recovery mission.
6. India has a very slow rate of recovery
than USA.

28. USA
INDIA
Elaborate, user friendly
data available
Not enough policies
Not community
involvement
Late response
Avg 5 years, Slow
Extensive yet confusing
data available
Good and enough
policies available
Community
involvement seen
Quick Response
Avg 2 year, Not bad
Prevention
BASIC COMPARISON OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery