1. Rights-based Participatory Risk Assessment and Planning (RiPRAP) Cross examining the human and children’s rights violated by the existing and the potential risks….

4. Speed of onset : rapidity of arrival and impact. We can distinguish between hazards that occur without almost any warning (earthquake), and hazards that can be predicted three to four days in advance (typhoon) to very slow-onset hazards like drought and famine. Frequency : does hazard occur seasonally, yearly, once every 10 years, once in a lifetime, etc. When :does hazard occur at a particularly time of the year (wet or dry season; in November to December Duration : how long is hazard felt (earthquake and aftershocks; days/week/months that area is flooded; length of period of military operations

5. NATURE and BEHAVIOR of HAZARD Force : wind, water (rain, flood, overflow, run-off, flashflood tidal wave, storm surge,epidemic) land (slides, deposits by river, lahar, mudflow) fire (forest fire, settlement fire), seismic (earthquake, tsunami, liquefaction), conflicts (civil war, insurgency, other actions leading to displacement and refugees), industrial/technological (pollution, radio-activity, explosions), other human-related (famine, drought, pests, etc.) Warning signs and signals : scientific and indigenous indicators that hazard is likely to happen Forewarning : time between warning and impact

10. VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT = A participatory process to identify what elements are at risk per hazard type, and to analyze the causes why these elements are at risk Daily cost of living Poverty

12. Why will they be damaged? L ocation Type of building materials Lack of information in preparedness Other weaknesses and causes

14. Human Practice Check Social Cultural Political Economic Impact to Children and Communities Impacts to Environment Common Practices – posing potential risks

19. THE PROGRESSION OF VULNERABILITY 1 Underlying Causes Poverty Limited access to - power structures - resources Ideologies Economic systems General pre-conditioning factors 2 Dynamic Pressures Lack of - local institutions - education - training - appropriate skills - local investment - local markets - press freedom Macro-forces - population expansion - environmental degradation 3 Unsafe conditions Fragile physical environment - dangerous locations - dangerous buildings and infrastructure Fragile local economy - livelihoods at risk - low income levels Public actions DISASTER VULNERABILITY + HAZARD HAZARD Trigger events Earthquake High winds Flooding Volcanic eruption Landslide Drought War, civil conflict Technological accident THE DISASTER CRUNCH MODEL