Powerpoint of Day 7 Speaker : Nanda Mohan Shenoy( Contact Samskritham21@gmail.com) छन्दस् known as meter plays a very important role both in the Vedic language as well as Sanskrit Literature or Kavyas.
In this the ganas are discussed
3. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
वृत्तः
समम् अर्िसमम् ववषमम्
Syllable
s Equal?
Matra
Equal?
No
No
Matra Vrittam
Yes
Gana
Equal?
Varna Vrittam
Yes Aksharam or
ardha samam
No
Flowchart
Yes
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4. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
• Matra- morae in English -Blink
• In this matra is counted
• The same logic as laghu & guru
• To distinguish between lagu guru, we will use matra 1 and
2
• Two step test to be conducted on a sloka as per flow chart
Let us take a simple example of. Refer to previous day slide
Bhaja govindam
Introduction
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5. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 (16) 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 (14)
म स स
भज गोववन्दं भज गोववन्दं, गोववन्दं भज मूढ़मते।
2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1(16) 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 12(15)
म भ य
संप्राप्ते सन्न्नहिते काले, न हि न हि रक्षतत डुकृ ञ् करणे॥१॥
मात्रा
Test 1 -वर्ण Test 1 a Optional Test 2-
मात्रा
Pada-1 10 16
Pada-2 9 म स स 14
Pada-3 9 म भ य 16
Pada-4 12 15
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6. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
Poll 1 :
1. अर्रं मर्ुरं वदनं मर्ुरं नयनं मर्ुरं िससतं मर्ुरम् । हृदयं मर्ुरं
गमनं मर्ुरं मर्ुरार्र्पतेरखखलं मर्ुरम् ॥ १॥ Which of the following is
true regarding the above sloka ? ( Multiple Choice)
1: Syllable 12 in each padam
2: Matra 12 in each padam
3: Syllable 13 in each padam
4: Matra 16 in each padam
2. वेणुमिर्ुरो रेणुमिर्ुरः पाखणमिर्ुरः पादौ मर्ुरौ । नृत्यं मर्ुरं सख्यं मर्ुरं
मर्ुरार्र्पतेरखखलं मर्ुरम् ॥ ३॥ Which of the following is true
regarding the above sloka ? ( Multiple Choice)
1: Syllables in Pada 1 ,2 and 3 is 10 each
2: Syllables in Pada 1, 2 and 3 is 11 each
3: Matra in each pada is 16
4: Syllables in Pada 4 is 12
मात्रा
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7. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2
वेणुमिर्ुरो रेणुमिर्ुरः पाखणमिर्ुरः पादौ मर्ुरौ ।
2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 112
नृत्यं मर्ुरं सख्यं मर्ुरं, मर्ुरार्र्पतेरखखलं मर्ुरम् ॥ ३॥
Points to note
1. Need to go through the complete
stotra before coming into conclusion
2. This cannot be classified as a mixture
it will be treated as मात्रा only
Test
1-वर्ण
Test 2
मात्रा
Pada-1 10 16
Pada-2 10 16
Pada-3 10 16
Pada-4 12 16
मात्रा
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8. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
Advantages
• It is very appealing/Catchy and can be used even for
humming
• Simple
• Flexible
Decoding
• Different approaches
• Pada by Pada the earlier two examples
• One full sloka compared with another sloka
मात्रा
भज गोववन्दं Test 1 -वर्ण Test 2-
मात्रा
Pada-1 10 16
Pada-2 9 14
Pada-3 9 16
Pada-4 12 14
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9. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
This does not mean that varna vrittha is not that friendly.
There are few cases where we could see the beauty
• तोटकम्
• कु सुम मञ्जरी
• सम्मता Gopika Geetham – flexibility to add Krishna in
between like Keshava in Pralaya Payodhi Jale
• तूणका
मात्रा
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11. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
Poll 2
1. असलकु लसङ्कु लकु वलयमण्डलमौसलसमलद्धभकु लासलकु ले जय
जय िे महिषासुरमहदितन रम्यकपहदितन शैलसुते .In this sloka (
Multiple Choice)
Answer 1: असलकु ल... कु ले has 24 syllables
Answer 2: जय जय....सुते has 23 syllables
Answer 3: pada1 and pada 2 together has 30 matras
Answer 4: pada2 and pada 4 together has 30 matras
12. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
I I I I S I I S I I S I I S I I S I I S I I S
अयय गगरिनन्न्दयन नन्न्दतमेददयन ववश्वववनोददयन नन्न्दनुते
गगरिविववन््यशििोऽगियनवाशसयन ववष्र्ुववलाशसयन न्जष्र्ुनुते ।
भगवयत हे शियतकण्ठकु टुन्बियन भूरिकु टुन्बियन भूरिकृ ते
जय जय हे मदहषासुिमददणयन िबयकपददणयन िैलसुते ॥ १ ॥
I dont know why this is classified as matra chandas?
Test 1 Test 2
Pada-1 23 (16+14)
Pada-2 23 (16+14)
Pada-3 23 (16+14)
Pada-4 23 16+14)
य I S S
ि S I S
त S S I
भ S I I
ज I S I
स I I S
न I I I
म S S S
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14. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
S I S I I I S I S I I I S I S I I I S I S
के शपाशर्ृतवपन्ञ्छकाववतततसञ्चलन्मकरकु ण्डलं
ि न ि न ि न ि
िारजालवनमासलकालसलतमङ्गरागघनसौरभम् ।
पीतचेलर्ृतकान्ञ्चकान्ञ्चतमुदञ्चदंशुमखणनूपुरं
रासके सलपररभूवषतं तव हि रूपमीश कलयामिे ॥१॥
Audio
Not seen in vritth ratnakaram
वृत्तः -18
D Sloka Raga
69 11 DES
242
21- प्रकृ तत
य I S S
ि S I S
त S S I
भ S I I
ज I S I
स I I S
न I I I
म S S S
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15. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
I I I I I I S S S I S S I S S
प्रकृ ततमिदिङ्काराश्च मात्राश्च भूता-
न न म य य
न्यवप हृदवप दशाक्षी ,पूरुष: पञ्चववंश: ।
इतत ववहदतववभागो, मुच्यतेऽसौ प्रकृ त्या
कवपलतनुररतत त्वं ,देविूत्यै न्यगादी: ॥15-२॥
ननमयययुतेयं मासलनी भोर्गलोकै ः ॥ ३.८७ ॥
वृत्तः -19
छन्दस् -
15-
अततश्वरी
वृत्तः
मासलनी
36-3.48%
D Sloka Raga
15 10 BIHAG
45 10 KANADA
58 10 DWIJAVANTHY
63 2-5 (4) SARANGA
64 10(1) AMRITAVARSHINI
90 1(1) MOHANAM
य I S S
ि S I S
त S S I
भ S I I
ज I S I
स I I S
न I I I
म S S S
ननमयययुतेयं मासलनी भोर्गलोकै ः ॥ ३.८७ ॥
8+7
156
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16. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
Homework
Three Questions
based on Audio
Dr. Madhukar Pai
छन्दस् in Vedas
छन्दस्
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17. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
• Let us go back to more than 2000 BCE
backwards.
• They had no papers.
• How can we store the information.
• Its only by memorizing.
• We can memorize a poem easily.
• Why?
• Damage with time is lesser for a poem
than an essay.
• Processing controls like metre matra etc
makes it self balancing
Karna Parampara
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18. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
All are akshara chandas depending on total ‘aksharas’ in each
verse (ऋचा)
Swara soul hraswa (1) deergha (2) plutha (3)
Vyanjana (hal, visarga, anuswara…) body
Hal before and after padanta / samyogadi
Visarga, anuswara.. Always after
That comes after gives hraswa one more matra
आ तू न इन्र क्षुमन्तम ्=आ तू न इन् रक् षु मन् तम्
छन्दस्
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19. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
# The major Vedic
meters
Metre Syllable
1 Gāyatrī 8 8 8 24
2 Uṣṇih 8 8 12 28
3 Anuṣṭubh 8 8 8 8 32
4 Bṛhatī 8 8 12 8 36
5 Pankti 8 8 8 8 +8 40
6 Triṣṭubh 11 11 11 11 44
7 Jagatī 12 12 12 12 48
Virāj: 4 lines of 10 syllables
The Gāyatrī meter makes up about 25% of the entire
Rigveda , second only to Triṣṭubh
गायत्री
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20. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
For the betterment of the society (growth सन्तान) they found
knowledge packed in verses and sutras were more important
This 'tool' for us was a form of goddess Saraswathi for them.
गायन्तम ् त्रायते इतत गायत्री
When was the transition? Why Gayatri superseded other 6? Or
Gayatri meant all 7? Or related to male god गायतृ ? is not known
गायत्री
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21. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
Question 1 :Is it always 2 footed?
Is it always equal footed?
1. त्रत्रपदा 8+8+8 = 24
आ तू न इन्र क्षुमन्तं ? र्चत्रं ग्राभं सं गृभाय । मिािस्ती दक्षक्षणेन ॥
८.८१.००१
2. चतुष्पदा गायत्री 6*4
इन्र: शचीपतत: बलेन वीसलत:l
दुश्च्यवनो वृषा लमत्सु मामहि:Il
6*4 = 24
अपैतु मृत्युममृतं मऽआगाद्ध, वैवस्वतो नो ऽ अभयं कृ णोतु
The way sung is also important
Is it always 24?
# Types
1 द्धववपदा (2*12)
2 त्रत्रपदा (3*8)
3 चतुष्पदा (4*6)
गायत्री
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23. Mr Nanda Mohan Shenoy
CISA CAIIB
Classification-1
1 दैवी (1), 5 आसुरी(15),
2 याजुषी (6), 6 आची(18),
3 प्राजापत्या(8), 7 ब्राह्मी (mixture
of )
4 साम्नी(12), 8
Classification 2
यनचृद् (7+8+8),
पादयनचृद् (7+7+7)
भुररक् (8+8+9)
Classification-3
यवम्या ( 7+10+7),
वपपीसलका(10+4+10),
वर्िमाना (6+7+8),
प्रततष्ठा (8+7+6)
Ushiggarbha Gayatri. 6 + 7 + 10
12+12+8, 8+12+12, 12+8, 11*3
गायत्री
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To Summarise
• 1 to 26, 33 to 36 are
Classified as Gayatri
• ऋवष has the right to
decide.
• We need to know the
complications as we have
to recite the mantras
properly
