An essay converted into a powerpoint on Egypt vs South Africa in terms of growth towards a knowledge society

1. Egypt: Knowledge Society Indicators

2. Egypt a Main Regional Hub… cultural perspective … Egypt has a solid culture & language proximity across the whole Arab world Egypt has always been acknowledged as a regional leader in the field of Arabic Content traditional production Egyptian writers, novelists, artists, publishers and producers have gained regional recognition and acceptance for centuries

3. Egypt a Main Regional Hub… economic perspective … Source: GAFI Egypt by far is the largest Arab country in population Egypt is the heart of the Middle East and hosts well-educated labor force in different areas, especially those needed for the Content industry Egypt experienced a noticeable economic growth lately, as GoE took serious steps toward executing an aggressive economic reform program GoE introduced variety of legislations that facilitated the private sector activities & better enabled the multinationals to expand in the local market

4. EGYPT KS Graphic Maps.com Egypt is progressing towards the knowledge economy Egypt is targeting an annual economic growth of at least 8-9% to sustain its development Egypt considers Science & Technology as a vehicle to transform economy Need to apply complete cycle of Innovation (The Innovation Cycle includes many activities in the process that is involved in taking an innovative product to the marketplace.) to impact economy

5. Egypt's Location A regional hub Linking the Mediterranean, Europe, Asia and the Arab World. From North-to-South: A gateway to Africa. From East-to-West: A crossroad of shipping lines and optical fiber cables. Strong and balanced diplomatic relations with all neighbouring countries

6. Basic Scorecard (KAM 2007)

7. Egypt (Arab Rep.)

9. Comparison: Egypt and South Africa

10. Egypt a Main Regional Hub… ICT infrastructure perspective … Solid infrastructure ICT sector growth of ~ 35% It’s a clear vote of confidence by the private sector in GoE’s act in this strategic sector Source: MCIT

11. ICT Middle East and Egypt relatively low on information infrastructure indices: Only 1.2% of the population uses a PC in Region; Only 0.6% of the population uses the Internet in Region. In Egypt only 22 PCs per 1000 people. In Egypt 4,522 Internet hosts in 2000.

12. Advancing 37 points in the global ranking from 136th in 2004 to 99th in 2005, which considered by the UN as “one of the greatest advances among all countries of the world in 2005”.

13. Mobile users Penetration is at 38% One of the highest growth rates in the world The number of subscribers almost quadrupled in 3 years reaching 28 million subscribers Over 1 million subscribers are being added monthly Internet penetration at 11% Telecom Companies Revenues: The reform resulted in growth of the revenues by 30% annually

14. No. Scientists The human resources in S&T in Egypt consists of 98000 scientists working in S&T 70000 are working in Universities and its research facilities representing 73.5% of the total scientific human resources. 15000 working in Industry representing 14.7%, 13000 working in Research Institutions representing 12.7%. This actually represents a sizable scientific base that we intend to strengthen.

15. Arab States in UNESCO Science Report 2005

16. Percentage of Scientists* for each million citizen Developing Countries Developed Countries Egypt Poor Countries * Scientists are PhD holders & Experts working in Scientific Research

17. Spending R&D Percentage of assigned budget for Scientific research against National Income

18. Produce and Export High Technology Developing State-of-the-art communications infrastructure and services 􀂾 Integrating Egypt in the global infrastructure • Licensing of new international submarine cables to consortiums of national and regional players • Licensing of new International gateways for voice and data • Licensing of a new second fixed operator to be online in 2009 􀂾 Broadband and Converged services throughout Egypt • Licensing of 3.5G services for ETISALAT, Vodafone, and Mobinil in Egypt • Consultation for licensing of Wi-Max spectrum • Developing a new framework for licensing new triple play services for voice data and video

19. Flowing out of Egypt Orascom Telecom Mobile operator in Africa, Middle East and Europe Internet Operator Telecom Egypt, Jordan, Algeria Exceed Quick-Tel Exports of hardware NTC Saudi license

20. No. Patents In Egypt and Morocco, strong patents, trademarks and copyright protection legal system was set up to encourage innovation by attracting foreign direct investment and joint venture. Egypt : 410 patents registered per year since 1951 with 43 from Egyptians (10.5%)

22. Scholarly articles Published

23. Bibliography A.T. Kearney Global Services Location Index, 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.atkearney.com/res/shared/pdf/GSLI_2007.pdf(Accessed 5 April 2008) Dickson, D. 2005. Can Egypt join the knowledge? SciDev. [Online] <http://www.scidev.net/en/editorials/can-egypt-join-the-knowledge-economy.html> (26 March 2008) Egypt Government [Online]. Available: http://www.egypt.gov.eg. (Accessed 25 March 2008) El-Mikawy, Noha and Ghoneim, Ahmed. 2005. Information Base, Knowledge Creation and Knowledge Dissemination in Egypt. Zef Project. [Online]. Available: http://www.zef.de/fileadmin/webfiles/downloads/projects/politicalreform/The_Information_Base.pdf. (Accessed 29 March 2008) Gaillard, J etal. 2005. Africa. In “UNESCO Science Report, 2005.” Paris, UNESCO Publications. p.177-201. [Online] . Available: http://www.unesco.org/science/psd/publications/africa.pdf (Accessed 27 March. 2008). General Authority for Investment and Free Zones. (GAFI) [Online]. Available: http://www.gafinet.org/ (Accessed 5 April 2008) JCR Science Edition. 2006. ISI Web of Knowledge. [Online] <http://admin-apps.isiknowledge.com/JCR/JCR?RQ=LIST_SUMMARY_JOURNAL/.>. (Accessed 29 March. 2008). Ministry of Communication and Information technology.2008. [Online]. Available: www.mcit.gov.eg Accessed 5 April 2008 and 15 April 2008) The Evolution of Internet Services in Egypt: Towards Empowering Electronic Commerce [Online]. Available: <http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/ecommerce/books/newopportunities/hashem.pdf> (Accessed 25 March. 2008).

24. Bibliography The Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM). 2007. The World Bank. [Online]. Available: http://www.worldbank.org/kam. (Accessed 26 March. 2008). UNESCO Science Report. 2005. Paris, UNESCO Publications. [Online]. Available: http://www.unesco.org/science/psd/publications/ (Accessed 28 March 2008) Westholm,G; Tchatchoua, Bertrand and Tindemans, Peter . 2004. The Great Global R&D Divide. The Multinational Monitor. 25 (7 & 8).

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