1. Dr Neeta Gupta
Associate Professor
Department of psychology
Certified Practitioner of EFT &
REBT (London) & CBT
(Scotland)
DAV PG College
Dehradun
Counselling: Goals &
Process
2. Counselling is:
1.The process that occurs when a client and
counsellor set aside time to explore difficulties which
may include the stressful or emotional feelings of the
client.
2.The act of helping the client to see things more
clearly, possibly from a different view-point. This can
enable the client to focus on feelings, experiences or
behaviour, with a goal of facilitating positive change.
3. A relationship of trust. Confidentiality is paramount
to successful counselling. Professional counsellors
will usually explain their policy on confidentiality.
They may, however, be required by law to disclose
information if they believe that there is a risk to life.
4. Counselling is a type of talking therapy that
allows a person to talk about their problems and
feelings in a confidential and dependable
environment.The counsellor helps you to
address your problems in a positive way by
helping you to clarify the issues,
explore options, develop
Strategies and increase
Self awareness. For
some people, just the
process of telling their story to a counsellor, and
being listened to, is helpful.”
5. What should we not consider as counselling?
• Giving advice
• Pass on own judgement.
• Attempting to sort out the problems of the
client
• Expecting or encouraging a client to behave in
a way in which the counsellor may have
behaved when confronted with a similar
problem in their own life
• Getting emotionally involved with the client
• Looking at a client's problems from your own
perspective, based on your own value system.
6.
7. Why people seek counselling :
• communication and relationships issues
• stress, anxiety and depression
• life transitions such as
the birth of a new baby,
separation, divorce or
thedeath of a family
memberor friend
• parenting
• addiction & abuse
• psychological
trauma
9. 1.Enhancing Coping Skills
Most of us do not completely achieve all of our
developmental tasks within a lifetime. All of the
unique expectations and requirements imposed on us
by others will eventually lead to problems. Learned
coping patterns, however,
maynot always work. New
interpersonal demands
may create an overload
and produce excessive
anxiety and difficulty for
the individual.
10. Ways to enhance Coping
1.Relaxation. Engaging in relaxing activities, or
practicing calming techniques, can help to
manage stress and improve overall coping.
2.Physical recreation. Regular exercise, such as
running, or team sports,
is a good way to handle
the stress of given
situation.
3. Stay in your time zone.
4. Re-label what’s happening.
5.Fact-check your thoughts.
11. 6. Follow the 3-3-3 rule.
Look around you and name three things you see. Then, name
three sounds you hear. Finally, move three parts of your body
-- your ankle, fingers, or arm. According to Chansky whenever
you feel your brain going 100 miles per hour, this mental trick
can help center your mind, bringing you back to the present
moment.
12. 7.Just do something.
Stand up, take a walk, throw
away a piece of trash from
your desk -- any action that
interrupts your train of
thoughthelps you regain
a sense ofcontrol, Chansky
suggests.
8. Ask for a second opinion.
9. Watch a funny video.
13. 2.Improving Relationships
Inadequate social skills cause individuals to act
defensively in relationships. Typical social difficulties
can be observed in family, marital and peer group
interaction (e.g., the troubled elementary school
child).
14. REBOOT PLEASE
R=Respectful
E=Empathetic,
B=Be Appreciative
O=Okay to disagree,
O=Open(Share)
T=Thankful(Gratitude)
P=Put Ur Phone away
L=Listen,
E=Establish boundaries showing others what you stand for and what you will and won’t allow in your
A=Avoid Assumptions & Presumption
S=Sincere
E=Eye Contact
People will forget what you said. People will forget what you did.
People will never forget how you made them feel. One of the deepest
human desires is to feel understood.
life
15. What are the three C's in a healthy relationship?
1.Communication
2.Compromise and
3.Commitment
16. 3.Promoting Decision-Making
The goal of counselling is to enable the individual to
make critical decisions regarding alternative courses
of action without outside influence. Counselling will
help individuals obtain information, and to clarify
emotional concerns that may interfere with or be
related to the decisions involved.
17. Ways to improve Decision-Making:
3 C’s of decision making:
1.CLARIFY what decision do you need to
make.
2. CONSIDER the possible alternatives
and the consequences of choosing each
alternative; collect any additional
information needed.
3.CHOOSE the best alternative for you
and take the necessary action.
18. 4.Facilitating Client Potential
Counsellors will work to help people learn how
to overcome, for example, excessive substance
use and to better take care of their bodies.
Counsellors will also assist in overcoming drug
addiction, compulsive gambling and obesity, as
well as anxiety, shyness and depression.
19. How to facilitate Client potential:
Brainstorming – generating ideas, expanding
new possibilities, or developing strategies.
Example: “Let's come up with all the ways you
can have fun while getting the results you
want.” ... It usually results in the clients'
stepping into more than they originally thought
possible.
20. 5.Facilitating Behaviour Change
Most theorists indicate that the goal of
counselling is to bring about change in
behaviour that will enable the client to be
more productive as they define their life
within society’s limitations.
21. Ways to facilitate Behaviour Change :
1.Instruction provision (teaching the behaviour),
2.self-monitoring (recording behaviour, e.g. writing a
food diary), and
3.relapse prevention (problem solving and identifying
coping strategies),
4.Prompting (to stimulate behaviour, e.g. telephone
reminder),
5.Personalised messages (tailored to stage of change,
resources and context),
6.Goal-setting (e.g. step-goals monitored with
pedometer)
22. 8.Express empathy (through reflective listening)
9.Develop discrepancy (between the individual's goals
and their current behaviour)
10.Roll with resistance (acknowledge and explore the
individual's resistance to change, rather than
opposing it)
11.Support self-efficacy.
Readiness to change: Do you have the resources and
knowledge to make a lasting change successfully?
Barriers to change: Is there anything preventing you
from changing?
Likelihood of relapse: What might trigger a return to
a former behavior?
23. Counselling Process:
The counselling process is a planned, structured dialogue
between a counsellor and a client. It is a
cooperative process in which a trained professional helps a
person called the client to identify sources of difficulties or
concerns that he or she is experiencing.
Initial
Disclosure
In-Depth
Exploration
Goal Setting
Counselling
Intervention
Evaluation,
Termination
24. 1.Initial Disclosure-Relationship
Building
The Counsellor should win over
the client with his strategic
convincing communication
skills. Communication
skills play a vital role
in this initial
disclosure stage.
Rapport formation.
25. Some Non helpful behaviour
Advice giving
Lecturing
Excessive questioning
Storytelling
Asking why?
26. 2.In-depth Exploration: Problem
Assessment
While the counsellor and the client are in the
process of establishing a relationship, a second.
process is taking place, i.e. problem
assessment. This step involves the collection
and classification of information
about the client's life situation
and reasons for seeking
counselling.
27. 3.Commitment to Action: Goal Setting
Goal setting is an extension of the diagnosis or
assessment process. During the assessment process,
the goal is to determine what problems or concerns
the client wants to work
on in counseling. In goal
setting, the clinician and
client identify specific
areas they want to
work on in the
counseling process.
28. Steps of Goal Setting:
1. Start by identifying broad motives,
hopes, and dreams.
2. Choose a theme to focus on.
You might come to therapy feeling like your
life is a total disaster. Where do you even
begin? Your bad habits are affecting your
health, your finances, and your
relationships. You're having trouble getting
on track with anything.
29. 4. Narrow your theme into one or more
specific goals eg
I want to cope with stress and get my
normal life and energy back.“
5. Make your goals
concrete, measurable,
and SMART.
Specific,Measurable
Achievable,
Relevant,
Time-bound
30. 4.Counselling Intervention:
The intervention process is about choosing the
appropriate counselling techniques that will
encourage growth within your client. It is about
empowering them, with your
counseling skills, to find
their own solutions.
The purpose of the
intervention counseling
is to get the addict into
treatment or help of
Some sort.
31. 5.Evaluation,Termination,Follow up or Referrals
Evaluating means to review how the counselee has
taken the action in order to achieve the goal and in
view of the plans how far the client is progressing.
Assessment or evaluation of client’s progress is an
ongoing process which begins
right in the first stage.
Counselling should never
be abruptly terminated.
The termination of
counselling is
Systematically done
after following a
series of steps.
32. The counsellor during the evaluation and
termination stage ensures the followings:
1. Evaluating readiness for termination of counselling
process;
2. Letting the client know in advance about the
termination of counselling;
3. Discuss with client the readiness for termination
4. Review the course of action plan;
33. 5. Emphasis the client’s role in effecting change;
6. Warning against the danger of ‘flight into
health’;
7.Discussion of follow up sessions; and
8. Assuring the availability of counsellor in case
of relapse into dysfunction.
