Challenges & issues in way to 6g wireless communication

Challenges and Issues in Way to 6G Wireless Network
Nikhil Soni (2020IS-06)
ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior,
Morena Link Road, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, INDIA - 474010.
November 20, 2021
Nikhil Soni (2020IS-06) (mtis202006@iiitm.ac.in) November 20, 2021 1 / 18

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Literature Reviews & Surveys
3 Limitations Of 5G
4 Requirements in 6G
5 Potential Challenges of 6G
6 Conclusion
7 References

Introduction
The commercialization of 5g network is in its final stage. Deployment of 5g network
for common people will revolutionize the digital word.
Researchers now have started exploring the next generation network 6G which will
overcome the limitations of 5g network and provides a road map towards better
world.
After pointing out the limitations of current 5G wireless communication networks A
vision, enabling technologies, new paradigm shifts, and future research directions of
6G wireless communication networks have been proposed.

Introduction
New performance metrics and application scenarios of 6G have been introduced,
e.g., to provide global coverage, enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency, better
intelligence level, security and resilience, etc[1].
FIG 1.
Evolution of Mobile Networks from 0G to 6G [2]

Introduction
The pre-cellphone era before the 1980s is marked as the zeroth-generation (0G) of
mobile communication networks that provided simple radio communication
functionality with devices such as walkie talkies.
The first-generation (1G) introduced publicly and commercially available cellular
networks in the 1980s. These networks provided voice communication using analog
mobile technology.
The Second Generation (2G) of mobile communication networks marked the
transition of mobile networks from analog to digital. It supported basic data services
such as short message services in addition to voice communication.

Introduction
The third-generation (3G) introduced improved mobile broadband services and
enabled new applications such as multimedia message services, video calls, and
mobile TV.
Further improved mobile broadband services, all-IP communication, Voice Over IP
(VoIP), ultra high definition video streaming, and online gaming were introduced in
the fourth-generation(4G).
5G supports enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) to deliver peak data rates up to
10 Gbps. Furthermore, ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (uRLLC)
minimizes the delays up to 1 ms while massive Machine Type Communication
(mMTC) supports over 100x more devices per unit area compared to 4G.

Literature Reviews & Surveys
6 G network will fulfill the requirements of individual and industries in practice.
Paper proposes a framework ofthe 6 G network and conducts a state-of-the-art
survey of the extant and upcoming research on 6G [3].
Designing of consensus lightweight algorithms can overrule the challenges to adopt
blockchain technology in 6G. Quantum communication can also be added to 6G core
architecture[2].
Inspiration for future research into 6G has been explored which includes core
services, use cases, KPIs, enabling technologies, architectures, typical scenarios,
existing challenges, possible solutions, opportunities, and research directions [4].

Literature Reviews & Surveys
New frequency bands and changes in fundamental architecture of 5G network is
required which will definitely carry out the opportunities for AI and ML in
networking[5].
Cognitive service architecture is an upgraded version of 5G service based
architecture. It includes AI Reasoning and Real Time Perception which are
interconnected to the basic module and inspired by the nervous system of
Octopus[6].
6G can accommodate the various use cases and applications which are introduced in
5G such as IoT, virtual reality, Industry 4.0, and automatic driving with better quality
of experience in a more energy-efficient, cost-efficient, and resource-efficient ways[7].

Limitations of 5G
Poor Coverage: High deployment cost and technology limitations makes it
impossible to cover everywhere. At present, about 80% of the land area and more
than 94% of the sea area on the earth are not within the coverage of terrestrial
mobile communication networks.
Not Capable of Internet of Everything: 5G has made much progress in achieving
the goal of Internet of Things, especially in the three typical scenarios, i.e., eMBB,
mMTC, and uRLLC. It still fails to provide service for data-rate intensive
applications with ultra low latency.
Lacking in Intelligence and Flexibility: 5G lacks real-time perception and adaptive
cognition of scenario changes. It is difficult to deal with changeable network
scenarios with high demand on short latency.[6]

Comparison with 5G
To show the 6G capabilities, Table 1 tries to give a comparison between 6G and 5G.
TABLE 1. Possible capabilities of 6G in comparison with 5G [8]

Requirements in 6G
Peak Data Rate: Peak data rate is the highest data rate under ideal conditions, in
which all available radio resources are totally assigned to a single mobile station.
Driven by both user demand and technological advances, it is expected to reach up
to 1 Tbps, tens of times that of 5G.
Latency: Latency can be differentiated into user plane and control plane latency.In
5G, the minimum requirement for user plane latency is 4 ms for eMBB and 1 ms for
URLLC. This value is envisioned to be further reduced to 100 µs or even 10 µs.The
minimum latency for control plane should be 10 ms in 5G and is expected to be also
remarkably improved in 6G.
Mobility: Mobility means the highest moving speed of a mobile station supported by
a network with the provisioning of acceptable Quality of Experience (QoE). To
support the deployment scenario of high-speed trains, the highest mobility supported
by 5G is 500 km/h. In 6G, the maximal speed of 1000 km/h is targeted if
commercial airline systems are considered.[7]

Requirements in 6G
Connection Density: the minimal number of devices with a relaxed Quality of
Service (QoS) per square kilometer is 106 in 5G, which is envisioned to be further
improved 10 times to 107 per square kilometer.
Energy Efficiency: In 6G networks, this KPI would be 10 - 100 times better over
that of 5G so as to improve the energy efficiency per bit while reducing the overall
power consumption of the mobile industry.
Area Traffic Capacity: Area traffic capacity is a measurement of the total mobile
traffic that a network can accommodate per unit area. The minimal requirement for
5G is 10 Mbps per square meter, which is expected to reach 1 Gbps per square
meter.

Potential challenges of 6G
TABLE 2. Challenges of 6 G achievement.[3]
Terahertz Waves:
From a system perspective, the connection of the terahertz communication system
seems to be highly intermittent, so a fast-adaptive mechanism is needed to overcome
this rapidly changing intermittent connection problem.
The large bandwidth and huge antennas in the terahertz band require high resolution
quantization; implementing low-power and low-cost devices will be a huge challenge.

Peak Rate: Index that people must first consider is the peak rate. Free space
optical communications and quantum communications are the hopefuls for 6G
backhaul to meet the requirements. However, those technologies have a number of
challenges to meet before realistic deployment.
Higher Energy Efficiency: 6 G networks will have ultra-high throughput, ultrawide
bandwidth, and ultra-large-scale ubiquitous wireless nodes, which will pose a huge
challenge to energy consumption.
Connection Flexibility: In order to truly achieve the system’s connection and
interaction needs anytime and everywhere, it will be necessary to establish a
ubiquitous Internet of Everything, a universal recognition system, and universal
networks.

Self-Aggregating communications fabric: 6 G should be able to dynamically
integrate multiple technology systems and have the ability to intelligently and
dynamically aggregate different types of networks (technology).
Non-technical Challenges:
The inherent behavior or benefits of some traditional industries will directly or
indirectly set up industry barriers to the entry of 6G.
Using the 6G terahertz frequency will require coordinated allocation from different
countries and regions in the world.
At present, several major countries and some commercial entities are actively
constructing satellite communication systems. How to coordinate the relationship
between these satellite communication systems deployed independently of each other
will be a complex issue.[10pt]

Conclusion
6G network will fulfill the requirements of individual and industries in practice.
There will be significant challenges and design trade offs to achieve,the introduction
of a new network architecture for the 6G core network.
It is envisioned that 6G will take unprecedented transformations that will make it
dramatically distinguishing with the previous generations.

References I
[1] X. You, C.-X. Wang, J. Huang, X. Gao, Z. Zhang, M. Wang, Y. Huang, C. Zhang, Y. Jiang, J. Wang, M. Zhu, B. Sheng,
D. Wang, Z. Pan, P. Zhu, Y. Yang, Z. Liu, P. Zhang, X. Tao, S. Li, Z. Chen, X. Ma, C.-L. I, S. Han, K. Li, C. Pan, Z. Zheng,
L. Hanzo, X. S. Shen, Y. J. Guo, Z. Ding, H. Haas, W. Tong, P. Zhu, G. Yang, J. Wang, E. G. Larsson, H. Q. Ngo,
W. Hong, H. Wang, D. Hou, J. Chen, Z. Chen, Z. Hao, G. Y. Li, R. Tafazolli, Y. Gao, H. V. Poor, G. P. Fettweis, and Y.-C.
Liang, “Towards 6g wireless communication networks: vision, enabling technologies, and new paradigm shifts,” Science China
Information Sciences, vol. 64, no. 1, p. 110301, Nov 2020. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-2955-6
[2] C. D. Alwis, A. Kalla, Q.-V. Pham, P. Kumar, K. Dev, W.-J. Hwang, and M. Liyanage, “Survey on 6g frontiers: Trends,
applications, requirements, technologies and future research,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, vol. 2, pp.
836–886, 2021.
[3] Y. Lu and X. Zheng, “6g: A survey on technologies, scenarios, challenges, and the related issues,” Journal of Industrial
Information Integration, vol. 19, p. 100158, 2020. [Online]. Available:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452414X20300339
[4] G. Gui, M. Liu, F. Tang, N. Kato, and F. Adachi, “6g: Opening new horizons for integration of comfort, security, and
intelligence,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 126–132, 2020.
[5] H. Tataria, M. Shafi, A. F. Molisch, M. Dohler, H. Sjöland, and F. Tufvesson, “6g wireless systems: Vision, requirements,
challenges, insights, and opportunities,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 109, no. 7, pp. 1166–1199, 2021.
[6] Y. Li, J. Huang, Q. Sun, T. Sun, and S. Wang, “Cognitive service architecture for 6g core network,” IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 7193–7203, 2021.
[7] W. Jiang, B. Han, M. A. Habibi, and H. D. Schotten, “The road towards 6g: A comprehensive survey,” IEEE Open Journal
of the Communications Society, vol. 2, pp. 334–366, 2021.
[8] S. Chen, Y.-C. Liang, S. Sun, S. Kang, W. Cheng, and M. Peng, “Vision, requirements, and technology trend of 6g: How to
tackle the challenges of system coverage, capacity, user data-rate and movement speed,” IEEE Wireless Communications,
vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 218–228, 2020.

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