Why, What, How of Open Education
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Intro to and overview of Open Educaiton with an empnasis on the Why, from philosophical to economic arguments. Practicing what we preach - this is a mash-up using openly licensed presentations from other open education advocates along with original ones (and lots of pics). All licenses (except screenshots) are attached to the relvant slides. Any questions, just contact us at feedback@oeconsortium.org.
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Why, What, How of Open Education
- 1. Unless otherwise indicated, this presentation is licensed CC-BY 4.0
- 2. The Why, What and How of Open Education Mary Lou Forward Open Education Consortium October 3, 2014 Unless otherwise indicated, this presentation is licensed CC-BY 4.0
- 3. Why: philosophical & practical underpinnings What: definitions & examples How: national and international case studies Discussion
- 4. the common sense argument Education Is Sharing
- 5. Teachers Share With Students knowledge and skills feedback and criticism encouragement
- 6. Students Share With Teachers questions assignments tests
- 7. If There Is No Sharing there is no education
- 8. Successful Educators share most completely with the most students
- 9. Knowledge is Magical can be given without being given away
- 10. Physical Expressions Are Not to give a book you must give it away
- 11. When Expressions Are Digital they also become magical
- 13. Open Stax Biology Textbook, online, PDF, epub or print on demand
- 14. Both Knowledge and Expressions can be given without being given away
- 15. Unprecedented Capacity we can share as never before
- 16. Unprecedented Capacity we can educate as never before
- 17. What Does “Share” Mean? online it means copy and distribute
- 18. Cost of “Copy” For one 250 page book: • Copy by hand - $1,000 • Copy by print on demand - $4.90 • Copy by computer - $0.00084
- 19. Cost of “Distribute” For one 250 page book: • Distribute by mail - $5.20 • Distribute by Internet - $0.00072
- 20. Digital Copy and Distribute are essentially “Free” this changes everything
- 21. Educational Sharing also means adapting or editing
- 22. Sense-making, Meaning-making connecting to prior knowledge relating to past experience (in an appropriate language for learners)
- 23. Digital Makes Editing “Free” editing a printed book or magazine is difficult and expensive editing a digital item is not
- 24. “Free” Copy, Distribute, Edit we can share as never before
- 25. “Free” Copy, Distribute, Edit we can educate as never before Slides 6-11, 14-25 & 56 taken or modified from TJ Bliss, John Hilton & David Wiley http://www.slideshare.net/tjbliss/introduction-to-oer-workshop CC-BY 3.0
- 26. Today’s reality the economic argument
- 28. while tuition and fees increased by 89 percent and overall consumer prices grew by 28 percent. Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012 Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368 8
- 29. $1,207 Average student budget for books and supplies 2013-2014 academic year Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets- 2013-14
- 30. Macroeconomics (5th Edition) by Stephen D. Williamson
- 32. Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-williamson/dp/9780132992787
- 33. Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/
- 34. 2 in 3 Students say they didn’t buy the textbook because the cost is too high Source http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/fixing-broken-textbook-market
- 35. 1 in 2 Students say they have taken fewer courses due to the cost of textbooks Source http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
- 36. Students can’t learn from materials they can’t afford
- 37. Normal Market Producer Consumer
- 38. Textbook Market
- 39. Textbook Market Slides 27-41 taken or modified from Nicole Allen http://www.slideshare.net/txtbks/keynote-nercomp
- 40. Selects what to publish, when to update, what to include or exclude Doesn’t have the option to customize materials to their teaching Pedagogy & the Textbook Market No choice, required purchase, limited feedback
- 41. Selects what to publish, when to update, what to include or exclude Doesn’t have the option to customize materials to their teaching Pedagogy & the Textbook Market No choice, required purchase, limited feedback
- 42. Demand & Access Last leg of the philosophical and practical stool
- 43. World Bank, The State of Education, 2011 18.1 20.0 22.5 24.0 25.9 27.1 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Gross Enrolment Rate. Tertiary (ISCED 5 & 6). Total (%) EAP ECA LAC MNA SAS SSA WLD Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, July 2011 Note: SAS 2009 is 2008 data.
- 45. Percentage of population <15
- 46. Q. How many UMass sized universities can we build in the next 5-10 years? http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html
- 47. “Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years. By: COL http://www.col.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/John Daniel_2008_3x5.jpg 1 ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures 2 British Council and IDP Australia projections Slide from http://www.slideshare.net/cgreen/open-education-the-business-andpolicy-case-for-oer
- 48. Q. How many UMass sized universities can we build in the next 5-10 years? http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html
- 49. Q. How many UMass sized universities can we build in the next 5-10 years? A. Not enough http://library.umassmed.edu/omha/american_archives2009/more_photos.html
- 50. The time is right for new approaches
- 51. What is Open Education? Open Education encompasses resources, tools and practices that employ a framework of open sharing to improve educational access and effectiveness worldwide. Open Education combines the traditions of knowledge sharing and creation with 21st century technology to create a vast pool of openly shared educational resources while harnessing today’s collaborative spirit to develop educational approaches that are more responsive to learner’s needs.
- 52. Open Education Allows Higher Education to reconsider approaches to teaching and learning
- 53. Open Education Terms • Open Educational Resources • OpenCourseWare • Open Educational Practice • Open Textbooks = Free and Open
- 54. OER are teaching, learning, and research materials that permit their free use and re-purposing by others
- 55. Free no cost Open No cost + permission to modify By Adam Bartlett http://www.flickr.com/photos/atbartlett/2432704579/ By Sean MacEntee http://www.flickr.com/photos/smemon/4518528819/
- 56. Internet Enables OER Allows sharing and educating at unprecedented scale
- 58. What does OER look like?
- 67. How is OER being used?
- 69. http://CC-BY-NC-SA by USAID images www.flickr.com/photos/usaid_images/6462458071/
- 72. Goal: Save students $5 Million in 5 Years
- 74. Promoting OER with Students
- 75. Promoting OER with Students
- 80. Thank you!
Notes de l'éditeur
- In regions where the percentage is still very low, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, the growth rate is among the highest in the world.
- To meet this demand would require a furious pace of building physical infrastructure, which carries a similarly burdensome financial investment. Alternatively, we can seek non traditional solutions, in which OER can play an important role.
- And the world needs this dream to come true … and quickly… if we are to meet the global demand for higher / tertiary education. Sir John Daniel, President & DEO of the Commonwealth of Learning notes: What do you think the odds are the world will build four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years?
- Free = no cost Open = no cost and openly licensed, at least including the right to modify
- Another interesting activity being undertaken in Indonesia is the use of OER in formal educational program. The University of Bandun wanted to develop programs in water management. As you know, developing new courses and programs requires a significant financial and time commitment. Rather than investing in faculty developing theoretical lectures, they decided to use these lectures freely and openly offered by Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, and focus their development efforts on contextualizing theoretical and practical approaches in Indonesian environments and society.
- Students benefit from this approach by having more hands on opportunities to explore the application of theory and approach in their local situations. Faculty become engaged in producing locally relevant activities and content, which is then put back as OER so that the rest of the world can benefit from their experience and begin to understand how theoretical concepts can be interpreted and operationalized in different contexts around the world.