OECD COP 27 Virtual event on the International collaboration for financing green hydrogen development, 16 November 2022

1. GREEN HYDROGEN
OPPORTUNITIES
1
November 2022
Joseph Cordonnier
Industry
Programme Analyst
Identifying success factors for market development and building enabling
conditions
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/green-hydrogen-opportunities-
for-emerging-and-developing-economies_53ad9f22-en

2. • Currently industry main consumer of
hydrogen.
• Green hydrogen has a large potential to
transform and decarbonise industry, transport
and power sectors.
2
Hydrogen is a key solution for a net-zero transition
Framework for industry’s net-
zero transition
(September 2022)
2022-2024 implementation in
Indonesia and Thailand
Green Hydrogen
opportunities for emerging
and developing economies
(November 2022)
• Self-assessment questionnaire
• Case studies
• Synthesis of policy toolboxes
Approach of the Working Paper
• Understanding the value chain and overall
country potential.
• Understanding the business cases and economics
factors
• Identifying suitable policies to bridge the viability
gap and develop the market.

3. 0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120 Share of TFC
EJ Scenarios of global hydrogen demand in 2050
Hydrogen in TFC (EJ) % of TFC
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
IEA Net-Zero Scenario IRENA WETO
Cumulative emissions reduction by mitigation
measure to reach Net Zero emissions by 2050
Reduced energy demand Renewables Electrification
Low-carbon hydrogen CCUS Other fuel shifts
3
Growing Hydrogen contribution to the global energy mix
to achieve net zero emissions by 2050
CCUS includes both Biomass-based and Fossil-Fuel based projects.
Energy Efficiency includes Technology performance, Behaviour and avoided demand.
Sources: IEA (2021), Net Zero by 2050 & IRENA (2022), World Energy Transitions Outlook: 1.5°C Pathway
TFC: Total Final Energy Consumption
➢ Green hydrogen may contribute to around 10% of the cumulative emissions reductions required to achieve net-zero.

4. 4
Several industrial subsectors are often considered as “no-regret”
when prioritizing potential usages of green hydrogen
➢ Green hydrogen should be prioritised for applications where other decarbonisation options are limited.

5. 5
Hydrogen is today consumed mainly by the manufacturing industry
and the industry sector demand may triple by 2050
Hydrogen demand for 2020 excludes hydrogen as part of the mix of off-gases for steel production. DRI = direct
reduced iron; HVC = high-value chemicals; Int = international; NG = natural gas
Source: IRENA (2022), Global hydrogen trade to meet the 1.5°C climate goal: Part I – Trade outlook for 2050 and way forward
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT
POWER

6. 6
Addressing the value chain of green hydrogen is crucial
in developing national strategies
➢ Hydrogen is currently mainly produced and consumed at the same location, in industrial facilities. By 2050, net zero
scenarios estimate that 25% of hydrogen could be globally traded by 2050.

7. 7
Upcoming OECD study provides a toolbox comprising of 3 elements
to help countries build an enabling environment

8. • Illustrative business case for a co-located project
of a greenfield steel plant of 1 Mtpa capacity.
• The breakdown is sensitive to parameters such as:
• the access to renewable electricity sources
• the electricity storage needs;
• the availability of geological storage.
• High investment costs along the value chain
require to share risks between stakeholders, via
policy instruments, enabling conditions,
governance scheme and financing conditions.
8
Illustrative green steel business case (CAPEX)
Illustrative calculation based on 50% solar and 50% onshore wind in a favourable
location (LCOE USD 30/MWh), USD 550/kW electrolyser costs, 50% capacity utilisation
rate for the electrolyser, and availability of geological storage for H2.

9. 9
Illustrative green steel business case (annualised costs).
Actions along the value chain can lower the final cost of green steel.
Electrolyser CAPEX
contributes of green H2
landed cost
OPEX of DRI-EAF driven
by the cost of the raw
materials and operational
excellence
How to make projects
investable if production
costs remain higher than
conventional steel?
Competitive advantage
of locations with
abundant renewable
energy sources.

10. Example of case study
HIF Global – e-fuels – Chile
Demonstration plant (FID 2021)
• 3.4 MW onshore wind turbine
• 1.2 MW electrolyser
• 143 tonnes of green hydrogen annually
• Direct Air Capture of CO2
• 130 000 litres of e-gasoline annually
HIF Cabo Negro (construction from 2023)
• 325 MW onshore wind turbine
• 240 MW electrolyser
• 66 000 000 litres of e-gasoline annually
Business rationale
• Green electricity below USD 2 cents/kWh
• Synthetic fuels can be sold at a premium
Financing
• The demonstration project HIF Haru Oni has
raised over USD 60 million in total
• USD 260 million capital increase in April 2022
FID: Final Investment Decision
Source: HIF Global, 2022

11. 11
Lessons learnt from case studies
➢ As the market matures, the OECD plans to complement its case studies analysis to identify the regulations, market
conditions and financing schemes of green hydrogen projects.

12. 12
Possible measures for policy makers to facilitate
market creation and market growth
➢ Various schemes have been identified in policy toolboxes; international co-operation and dialogue could help
assessing the cost/benefits of regulations (to be) implemented in various geographies to develop green hydrogen.

13. • Technical assistance and sharing best practices
➢ Help identify suitable technologies, business cases, knowledge gaps, and successful projects for replication.
➢ Design suitable training and technical assistance to support capacity building, skills development, knowledge-
transfer and innovation required for local value chain development.
• Regulations, Codes, Standards
➢ Track the production and consumption of hydrogen
➢ Define low-carbon hydrogen, based on system boundaries and emission intensity thresholds.
• International Dialogue
➢ Foster alignment of environmental regulations, industrial policies, trade rules.
➢ Analyse impact of carbon prices, for instance carbon border adjustment mechanism of the EU to avoid carbon
leakage.
• Financing platforms, such as Investment matching platforms
➢ Develop tools like blended finance facilities to mobilise climate finance.
➢ Track financial flows and projects.
13
International organisations can play a role to foster international
collaboration and create an enabling environment for investment

14. GREEN HYDROGEN
OPPORTUNITIES
14
November 2022
Joseph Cordonnier
Industry
Programme Analyst
Identifying success factors for market development and building enabling
conditions
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/green-hydrogen-opportunities-
for-emerging-and-developing-economies_53ad9f22-en