This document provides an introduction to ethnobotany, including definitions from various scholars, a history of the field dating back thousands of years, and the aims and scope of ethnobotany research. It notes that ethnobotany studies the relationship between plants and traditional people and their various uses of botanicals. The history section outlines important early contributors to herbal medicine from ancient China, India, Greece and the modern development of the field. It also gives examples of ethnobotanical research conducted in Pakistan. The aims are to document indigenous plant knowledge, support conservation efforts, and increase research and economic opportunities. The scope has expanded to include areas like ethnomedicine, ethnopharmacology and the study of various

2. ETHNOBOTANY

3. Introduction, history,
aim, scope and
application of
Ethnobotany
Kainat 15
Mobeen 20
Ghazia 11
Hamza 30
Iqra 12

4. Introduction to Ethnobotany
 Branch of Ethnobiology
 Use by different people for different
purposes( botanicals)
 indegenous knowledge.

5. Definition of ethnobotany
 John Harshberge 1896
 Ethnobotanist give definition from time to time
 Cotton 1996
 Ethnobotany is considered to encompasses all
studies which concern mutual relationship b/w
plants and traditional people
 Balix and Cox 1996
 Encapsulated two major parts of ethnobotany
 Martin 1995
 Ethnobotany is part of ethnobiology which
concern plants

6. History of Ethnobotany
 Ethanobotany word coined by John
William Harshberger (1895).
 As back as 4000 B.C the medicinal
plants were using by primitive Chinese.
 earliest documented applications are
found in Babylon circa 1770 B.C.
 Hippocrates called as the father of
medicine.
 AD 77, the Greek surgeon Dioscorides
published "De Materia Medica“(600
plants).

7. History of Ethnobotany
 Ayurveda is a pioneer of earlier
medical science in our country.
It is the largest and oldest source of the
knowledge.
 Siddha and Unani are other
traditional systems of medicine in
India.
 Rigveda, written between 3500-1600
B.C.
 Atharva-veda, describes uses of
large number of drugs.

8. History of Ethnobotany
 In ancient India two important Granthas
(700 mediinal plants)
Charaka-Samhita
Susruta-Samhita
• Parasara wrote a book “Vrikshayurveda”
the science of medicinal plants.
 John Ray (1686-1704) first definition of
"species" in his "Historia Plantarum“.
 1753 Carl Linnaeus wrote "Species
Plantarum“5,900 plants.
binomial method of nomenclature of plants.

9. History of Ethnobotany
 19th century saw the peak of botanical
exploration.
 Stephan Powers, (1875) invented the
word “aboriginal botany.
Study of all forms of the vegetable world
which aboriginal peoples use for food,
medicine, textiles, ornaments.
 In India, it was Dr. S. K. Jain (1986)
from NBRI, Lucknow Father of Indian
Ethnobotany.

10. History of Ethnobotany
 1992, Goodman Ghafoor, report114 species
Baluchistan.
 1993, Haq, Hussein report 70 spp, of
Mansehara.
 1996, Shah report 171 sp. of Baluchistan.
 2002-03, Shinwaire report Ayubia national park,
swat.
 2003, Shaniwaire and Gilani report nothern areas
plants.
 2004, Athar and Siddiqui report 95 spp.
 2006 Shaniwaire report pictorial guid of medicinal
plants of Pakistan. 500 spp of flowering plants.

11. Aims and Objectives of
Ethnobotany:
Proper documentation of indigenous
knowlegde about medicinal plants.
Preservation of unwritten traditional
knwoledge about herbal plants.
Conservation of our national heritage before
its extinction.
To create awareness about its role in cultural
social and health of people.
To train people or students for utilization
and conservation of medicinal plants.

13. Aims and Objectives of
Ethnobotany:
To increase in manufacture of herbal
drugs.
Research and job oppurtunities.
Job oppurtunities

14. SCOPE OF ETHNOBOTANY
 Its scope was much eloborated by
Ford(1978) and Faulk(1958).
 In recent years much work in this science
has been done in the many countries e.g.
India, Africa ,America , France, Mexico,
U.S.A. etc.
 Ethnobotany has attracted attention during
last three decades.

15. SCOPE OF ETHNOBOTANY
The scope of Ethnobotany in recent time and failure has
been established with the problem of :-
•rural health
•drugs are abuses,
•social customs,
•cottage industries,
•conservation of ecosystems
•nutrition
•and energy

16. SCOPE OF ETHNOBOTANY
Recent researches on Ethnobotany have today
established linkage between man y special areas like
•Ethnomedicine
•Ethnopharmacology
•Ethnoveterinary
• Ethnonarcotics
•Ethnobryology
•Ethnocosmetic etc

17. APPLICATION OF
ETHNOBOTANY

18. Family: Alliaceae
Botanical name:
Allium cepa
Vernacular name:
Piyaaz
Medicinal
imporatance
• Antipyretic
• Skin infection

19. Family name:
Alliaceae
Botanical name:
Allium sativum
Vernacular name:
Ugga
Medicinal
imporatance:
• blood disorders
• gastrointestinal

20. Family name:
Rutaceae
Botanical name:
Citrus sinensis
Vernacular name:
Malta
Medicinal
importance:
• Gastrointestinal

21. Family name:
Papilionaceae
Botanical name:
Dalbegia sissoo
Vernacular name:
Shawa
Medicinal
importance:
• Piles
• Jaundice

22. Family name:
Punicaceae
Botanical name:
Punica granatum
Vernacular name:
Anar
Medicial
importance:
• Gastrointestinal
• Chest infection
• Blood purifier

23. Family name:
Rosaseae
Botanical name:
Eriyobotrya
japanica
Vernacular name:
Lokat
Medicinal
importance:
• Chest problem

24. Family
name:Umbellifereae
Botancal
name:Foeniculum
vulgare
Vernacular name:
Soonphff
Medicinal
importance :
• Gastrointestinal

25. Family name:
Arecaceae
Botanical
name:Phoenix
dactylifera
Vernacular name:
Khajoor
Medicinal
importance:
• Gastrointestinal
• Sex power

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