challenges faced by today's world and how to ensure better food security in world

1. PRAMOD S A
Jr. MSc.
PALB-9304
Submitted to: Dr. K.M. HARINI KUMAR
DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
GKVK,UAS, BENGALURU.
FOOD SECURITY IN WORLD(2050)

4. FOOD SECURITY
Food security is defined as the availability of food and
one's access to it. A household is considered food secure
when its occupants do not live in hunger or fear of
starvation.

6. Why is food security such a major global
challenge?
 Everybody needs food.
 We require a substantial increase of global food production of
70 percent by 2050

7. Hunger in numbers
 The latest available estimates indicate that about 821 million people in the
world were undernourished in 2018.
 One in nine people do not get enough food to be healthy and lead an active
life.
 It is estimated that over 2 billion people do not have regular access to safe,
nutritious and sufficient food.
 Hunger and malnutrition are biggest risks to health worldwide greater than
AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined.

9. What causes it?

10.  The world population is projected to grow by 34
percent from 7.8 billion today to 9.1 billion in 2050.
 By 2050 more than 70 percent of the world's
population is expected to be urban.
 Currently, one billion people cannot even satisfy
their basic needs in terms of food energy.
Rising Population

13. Rising incomes, changing diets
 Today, with incomes rising fast in emerging economies,
there are at least 3 billion people moving up the food
chain toward Westernized diets.
 As people become more affluent they start eating food
that is richer in processed foods, meat and dairy.
 They consume more grain-intensive livestock and
poultry products.

15. Climate change
 Currently, 40% of the world’s landmass is arid, and rising
temperatures will turn yet more of it into desert.
 At current rates, the amount of food we’re growing today will
feed only half of the population by 2050.
 The generation of farmers now on the land is the first to face
manmade climate change.
 Australia’s bush fire burned 11 million hectare of forest and
park area across Australian states and territories.

18. More foodless days
 The world is in transition from an era dominated by
surpluses to one defined by scarcity.
 In Nigeria, 27% of families experience foodless days. In
India, it is 24%; in Peru, 14%.
 Not eating at all on some days is how the world’s poorest
are coping with the doubling of world grain prices since
2006.

19. Water scarcity
 In India some 190 million people are being fed with grain
produced by over pumping groundwater.
 Water supply is now the principal constraint on efforts to
expand world food production.
 28% of agriculture lies in water-stressed regions.
¾ world’s water consumption is used for irrigation and
agriculture.
 UN predicts irrigation demands will increase 50-100% by 2025.
 In 2050, we’ll need twice as much water.

21. Increasing soil erosion
 Nearly a third of the world’s cropland is losing topsoil
faster than new soil is forming.
 This reduces the land’s inherent fertility.
 Future food production is also threatened by soil erosion.

22. Flattening yields
 After several decades of raising grain yields, farmers in
the more agriculturally advanced countries are facing a
plateauing of yields.
 Yields of wheat, the world’s other food staple, are also
plateauing in the more agriculturally advanced countries.
 Having maximized productivity, farmers ran into the
inherent limits of photosynthesis and could no longer
increase the amount they could harvest from a given plot.

23. What can we do to better Ensure food
security??
With the global population expected to
reach 9+ billion by 2050, people are asking
how we can best address the nature and
scale of the challenges that lie ahead.

24. Close the yield gap
 By 2050, 120 million hectares of natural habitats will
be converted to farming in developing countries, the
World Wildlife Fund estimates.
 Closing the gap between what is being produced and
what could be produced would both reduce the need to
clear land for agriculture and feed 850 million people.
 It clearly says that we need to improve our productivity
than our production.

26. Raise low water productivity
 Improving irrigation systems and planting crops that use
less water would be an effective way to tackle this.
 For example, rice and sugarcane are among the crops that
need the most water. But it’s not simple to change the
types of crops grown since farmers make decisions of
what to grow based on market values.
 One way to encourage change would be to provide
economic incentives.

27. Balance food and nutritional security.
 Until recently, attention has been focused on investment in
research of the traditional staple crops — maize, rice and
wheat — to tackle hunger.
 But it is now widely accepted that we must go beyond
calorie intake and look at the nutritional balance of the crops
grown and consumed.
 A better balance between the research and development of
staple crops and horticultural crops — fruit, legumes and
vegetables — is the obvious key to alleviating malnutrition.

28.  Support farmers in growing new varieties and different
crop mixes.
 Animals, fish and poultry are also valuable sources of
protein, vitamins and fatty acids.
 Help farmers improve soil health, are also crucial, since
better quality seeds and soil lead to better quality produce.

29. Stop the spread of non-native invasive species.
 The spread of non-native invasive species has been largely
positioned as a threat to biodiversity, and has received
relatively little attention in relation to food production.
 The introduction of invasives poses a threat to agriculture.
 Invasive species cost the world economy around $1 trillion
every year and must be tackled at an international level if
we are to address food security effectively.

30. Fall armyworm has the ability to destroy hundreds of acres of cultivation
overnight.

31. Create careers in agriculture for young people
and women.
 Supporting young people and women in agriculture is not a
new challenge, but does need refreshed attention.
 Nurturing young people’s careers in agriculture so that they
become part of an effective, efficient and sustainable food
production system is a much needed part of safeguarding
long-term food security.
 Creating an environment that lets them put information into
practice and establish livelihoods in agriculture is important.

33. Reduce food waste
 Globally, 30-50 percent of food production goes to waste
because of inefficient preparation or inadequate storage
facilities.
 Reducing food waste in the United States, India and China
could feed 413 million people per year.
 Food waste isn’t just expensive, it’s also damaging the
environment.
 If food waste was a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases behind the USA and China.

35. UN agencies working for food security
World Food Programme
 world’s largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger
and promoting food security.
 The WFP strives to eradicate hunger and malnutrition.
 Reduce under-nutrition and break the inter-generational cycle
of hunger.
 Zero Hunger in 2030.
 Support food security and nutrition and (re)build livelihoods
in fragile settings and following emergencies.
 https://youtu.be/waBOB4Fjvh8

36. Zero Hunger Programme(2030)
 Zero Hunger – pledges to end hunger, achieve food security,
improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030,
and is the priority of the World Food Programme.
 Every day too many men and women across the globe struggle to
feed their children a nutritious meal.
 One in nine still go to bed on an empty stomach each night, one in
three suffer from some form of malnutrition.
 Not enough or the wrong food cause suffering and poor health,
they also slow progress in many other areas of development like
education and employment.

37.  In India this programme is in support with India's Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) to end hunger by the year 2030 and also the
government's plan to deal with issue of malnutrition through various other
initiatives under its goal to make India malnutrition free by the year 2022.
 The Zero Hunger Programme includes many farming organizations that
will be focusing on nutrition, setting up genetic gardens for biofortified
plants and initiation of 'Zero Hunger' training.
 The genetic garden will help grow biofortified plants containing
germplasm of naturally biofortified crops through plant breeding with
extra nutritional values.
 These crops and plants will be vital for India to supplement micro-nutrient
deficiencies, including iron, zinc, vitamin A and iodine among many
others.

38. Five steps towards ZERO HUNGER
 Put the furthest behind first - To realize the full potential of our globalized
economy, national governments must expand social protection schemes for the
most vulnerable.
 Pave the road from farm to market - Access to affordable, nutritious food for
everyone all 7 billion of us is vital. We must innovate and invest in making our
supply chains more efficient by developing sustainable durable markets.
 Reduce food waste - About one third of the food we produce each year is lost or
wasted, costing the global economy nearly US$ 1 trillion annually.
 Encourage a sustainable variety of crops - Today across the globe, four crops
(rice, wheat, corn and soy) represent 60 percent of all calories consumed.
Addressing the challenges of climate change, and food availability and food
access will require helping farmers explore and identify a more diverse range of
crops.

39.  Make nutrition a priority, starting with a child’s first 1000 days -
Nothing is more important to the development of a child than good
health and nutrition, particularly in the first 1000 days (from
conception through to the age of two). To prevent stunting and to
promote healthy development, we must ensure that children and
nursing mothers have access to the required nutritious foods.

40. World Bank
 Investment in agriculture and rural development to boost food
production and nutrition is a priority for the World Bank Group.
 The World Bank Group works with partners to improve food
security and build a food system that can feed everyone,
everywhere, every day.
 Activities include encouraging climate-smart farming techniques
and restoring degraded farmland, breeding more resilient and
nutritious crops and improving storage and supply chains for
reducing food losses.
 https://youtu.be/xTH4WjHJvXE?t=19

41. The Food and Agriculture Organization
 Achieving food security for all is at the heart of the efforts of
the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
 Its main purpose is to make sure people have regular access to
enough high-quality food to lead active, healthy lives.
 Its three main goals:
1. The eradication of hunger.
2. Food insecurity and malnutrition.
3. The elimination of poverty and the driving forward of
economic and social progress for all.
 https://youtu.be/wYxMwaTB_AQ

42. International Fund for Agricultural
Development
 Has focused exclusively on rural poverty reduction.
 IFAD helps developing countries to eliminate poverty, hunger
and malnutrition, raise their productivity and incomes, and
improve the quality of their lives.
 IFAD has supported about 483 million poor rural people over the
past four decades.
 https://youtu.be/QunPvPhsyvQ

43. Impact of COVID-19 on food
security

44.  To contain the spread of COVID-19, countries around the globe have enforced
lockdowns or shelter in place.
 In such a critical situation, human beings try their best that they do not run out
of food supplies.
 They rush to grocery stores to secure as much food supply as possible, which
puts the food and agriculture industry under enormous pressure.
 While lockdowns have led to a collapse in demand for durable goods and
discretionary services, the opposite is true of food. In cities around the world,
reports of panic buying and food hoarding have proliferated since the
pandemic began.
Covid might have the world staring at a
major food crisis

45.  Covid-19 is amplifying the risk of a worldwide food-price spike, which
would trigger outright crises in many developing countries.
 A jump in food prices would drive a bigger wedge between the rich and
poor.
 The pandemic is disturbing the food market equilibrium by disrupting
the supply chain.
 It is affecting both the supply side and the demand side.
 On the demand side, the impact of COVID-19 on global food security is
even worse. The factors which are mainly contributing to worsening the
situation are individuals’ behaviour and loss of purchasing power.
 “Today, the problem is not a problem of food availability, the problem
today is of food access,”

47.  Even before the pandemic, there were signs that global food prices could soon
surge.
 More recently, the worst locust blight in 70 years has destroyed crops in East Africa.
In Kenya, the price of maize, a staple food, has risen by over 60% since 2019.
 India Suffers Biggest Locust Attack in 25 Years, With estimations saying crops were
affected in more than 3.5 lakh hectares in various districts of Rajasthan and Gujarat,
the damage caused by locust attacks in 2019-20 is believed to be one of the worst
in India.

50. References
R. Quentin Grafton & Carsten Daugbjerg & M. Ejaz
Qureshi, Towards food security by 2050, Food Sec.
(2015) 7:179–183 DOI 10.1007/s12571-015-0445-x
www.fao.org/.../How_to_Feed_the_World_in_2050
www.ifpri.org/publication/food-security-farming
https://www.treehugger.com/sustainable-
agriculture/5-ways-improve-global-food-
security.html
https://www.theglobalist.com/global-food-security-
10-challenges/

51. YOUTUBE VIDEO LINKS
 https://www.youtube.com/redirect?v=gjtIl5B1zXI&event=vide
o_description&redir_token=ywGE16FXt6WVoZ6BaPGTXuk
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V8MTU4OTQ0NTYyOEAxNTg5MzU5MjI4&q=http%3A%2
F%2Fccafs.cgiar.org%2Fcommission%2Freports%2F
 https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=k1eQpWCql-
Dv3MN03G_ylc7rMmZ8MTU4OTQ0NjMxOUAxNTg5MzU5
OTE5&event=video_description&v=raSHAqV8K9c&q=http
%3A%2F%2Fwww.feedingninebillion.com
 www.wur.eu/foodsecurity

52. THANK YOU