Sequential batch reactor (SBR)

A PRE-THESIS PRESENTATION ON
Presented By: PRASHANT SRIVASTAVA
Scholar No: 162111302
“ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING ”
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHOPAL
DEC 2017

LIST OF CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Working principles of SBR
 Phases/Stages in SBR
 Objective of the study
 Need of study
 Differences between ASP & SBR
 Operational parameters
 Efficiency of Removal
 Standards for Dairy Industry
 Literature Review
 Advantages
 Limitations
 Expected Outcomes
 Benefits to Society
 Proposed Methodology
 Work plan
 References

DAIRY WASTE WATER
 High nitrogen load and chemical oxygen demand
(COD), BOD in comparison to other food industry.
 According to CPHEEO manual 3 liters of
wastewater generated for 1 liter milk production.
 EFEECTS OF DAIRY WASTE WATER:-
1. Environmental effect
2. Effects on water
3. Effects on soil

Sequential Batch Reactor
 In a conventional activated sludge system, unit processes
would be accomplished by using separate tanks.
 Sequential batch reactor is a modification of activated
sludge process which has been successfully used to treat
municipal and industrial wastewater.
 The difference between the two technologies is that the
SBR performs equalization, biological treatment, and
secondary clarification in a single tank using a timed
control sequence.

SBR Working Principles
 SBR technology is a method of wastewater treatment in which
all phases of the treatment process occur sequentially within
the same tank.
 The sequencing batch reactor is a fill and draw activated
sludge system. In this system, wastewater is added to a single
“batch” reactor, treated to remove undesirable components,
and then discharged.

Diagram showing SBR operating principles
SOURCE: pvs.at

Various phases in a typical SBR process

Fill Phase
 During the fill phase, the basin receives influent wastewater. The
influent brings food to the microbes in the activated sludge, creating an
environment for biochemical reactions to take place.

Types of fill phase
Static fill
Mixed fill
Aerated fill

React Phase
 During this phase, no wastewater enters the basin and
the mechanical mixing and aeration units are on.
 This phase allows for further reduction of wastewater
parameters

Settle Phase
 During this phase, activated sludge is allowed to
settle under quiescent condition . The activated
sludge tends to settle as a flocculent mass.

Decant Phase
 Clarified treated effluent (supernatant) is removed
from the tank.
 No surface foam or scum is decanted.

Idle Phase
 This step occurs between the decant and the fill phases.
 The idle period is used when the system is waiting for
enough effluent to process.

Objectives of the Study
 To study the problem related to the conventional
methods of treatment of wastewater.
 To find the best alternative technology possible.
 To study the treatment of dairy wastewater using
SBR technology by obtaining COD, TSS, Ph, TKN.

Need of Study
 It is provided mainly in urban region where
less area is available.
 Basic requirement for SBR is basin only so old
treatment plants units can be upgraded to SBR
easily.
 ASP is not able to treat nitrogen and phosphorous
load.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ASP & SBR
 SBR system has oxygen dissolving capacity higher
than ASP.
 SBR provides Higher Fecal coliform removal
efficiencies with less cost and space.
 As the effluent quality is better in case of SBR system
than in ASP system, it helps in maintaining quality of
water body in which its effluent is being disposed.
 SBR system is flexible in nature, it can be expanded in
future while in ASP its not an easy task.

OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS (ASP)
 Design Parameters for activated sludge systems for sewage
(CPHEEO manual)
 Sr.no Parameters Units Conventional Complete mix Extended
 1 Flow Regime Plug Flow Complete mix Complete mix
 2 F/M ratio 1/d 0.3 – 0.4 0.3 – 0.5 0.1 – 0.18
 3 Өc D 5 – 8 5 – 8 10 – 25
 4 MLSS mg/l 1500 – 3000 3000 - 4000 3000 – 5000
 5 MLVSS/MLSS Ratio 0.8 0.8 0.6
 6 HRT Hrs 4 – 6 4 – 5 12 – 24
 7 BOD Removal % 85 – 92 85 – 92 95 – 98

OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS (SBR)
 Design Parameters for SBR systems for sewage (CPHEEO manual)
 Sr.no Parameters Units Continuous& Intermittent Decant Intermittent
Flow &Decant
 1 F/M ratio 1/d 0.05-0.08 0.05-0.3
 2 Sludge age D 15-20 4-20
 3 MLSS mg/l 3000-4000 3500-5000
 4 Cycle Time H 4-8 2.5-6
 5 Settling Time H >0.5 >0.5
 6 Decant Depth M 1.5 2.5
 7 Process oxygen
BOD Kg O2/kg BOD 1.1 1.1

Efficiency of Removal
 The avg. performance data values(CPHEEO manual)
 Parameters SBR ASP
 BOD 89-98% 85-95%
 TSS 85-97% 85-90%
 Total Nitrogen Removal >75% No treatment
 Phosphorus removal 57-69% No treatment
 Total Coliforms 99% 90-96%

Objective Methodology Results
1. This paper aims
to study the
characteristics &
treatment of Dairy
Industry
Wastewater.
1) Collection of sample from a
dairy and analyzing the
parameters.
2) Preparation of model of Down
flow Fixed Bed reactor (anaerobic
process )
3) Acclimatization by Digested
piggery sludge.
4) Treatment of dairy industry
wastewater by DFBR.
5) Analyzing the effluent
characteristics of treated
Wastewater.
1) BOD removal efficiencies with respect
to HRT of 0.5 day, 1 day, 2 day ,4 day
are 7.86%, 22.34%, 53%, 95.48% .
2) The pollutants like nitrogen and
phosphorous also can be removed.
3) Dairy Industry Waste water treatment
plants are required to be designed to
achieve nutrient removal in order to
protect aquatic ecosystem.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Ashish Tikariha, Omprakash Sahu

1. This paper aims
to study the
Degradation of
phenol using SBR.
1) Preparation of sample in lab.
2) Preparation of model of
Sequential Batch Reactor
(column type).
3) Acclimatization by garden soil
bacteria + cow dung.
4) Treatment of sample by SBR.
Sample.
1) The phenol removal efficiency of 94%,
94%, 95%, 97% and 92% is obtained with
initial phenol concentration of 50 ppm, 100
ppm, 150 ppm, 200 ppm and 250ppm is
respectively. It is found that the maximum
percentage of removal of phenol is 97%
with 200 ppm of initial phenol
concentration.
2) Variation of aeration rate also affects the
removal efficiency (increase in aeration
rate, the SBR efficiency increases).
LITERATURE REVIEW
Rajkumar V. Raikar, Rekha Patil, Arjun Virupakshi

1. This paper aims
to study the
Aerobic treatment
of dairy
wastewater with
sequencing
batch reactor
systems.
1) They collected the sample
from a dairy research farm.
2) Preparation of lab scale model
of Sequential Batch Reactor with
diffused oxygen for aeration.
3) Acclimatization by activated
sludge filtrate.
4) Treatment of sample by SBR.
Sample.
1) The COD removal efficiency for 1 day, 2
day , 3 day HRT are as 80.2%, 84.2%,
85.3%.
2) TKN removal efficiency for 1day, 2 day,
3 day HRT are as 75%, 76.3%, 78.8%.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Xiujin Li, Ruihong Zhang

1. This paper aims
to study Effective
Method of Treating
Wastewater from Meat
Processing Industry
Using Sequencing
Batch Reactor.
1) Collection of sample.
2) Preparation of model of SBR
with air diffuser at the bottom.
3) Acclimatization by activated
sludge.
4) Treatment of sample by SBR
model.
Wastewater.
1) BOD& COD level was reduced up
to 90% – 95%.
2) The final effluent was a clear,
odorless,and yellowish liquid with a
reduction in turbidity by 90%.
LITERATURE REVIEW
M Baskar, Dr. B. Sukumaran

1. This paper aims
to study the
Sequential batch
reactor for dairy
wastewater
treatment:
Parametric
optimization,
kinetics and waste
sludge disposal.
1) SDW was prepared in the
laboratory by dissolving 4 g of milk
powder of Amulya brand per litre of
distilled water.
2) Preparation of lab scale model
of Sequential Batch Reactor with
air diffuser and mixer, rotameter.
3) Acclimatization by AS collected
from Haridwar sewage treatment
plant.
4) Treatment of sample by SBR
model.
Sample.
1) COD removal efficiency for 15hour, 17.14
hour, 20 hour , 24 hour , 30 hour are as
92.69%, 93.46%, 93.85%, 96.54%, 97.05%
2) TKN removal efficiency for 15hour,
17.14 hour, 20 hour , 24 hour , 30 hour
are as 49.85%, 56.57%, 61.29%,
64.61%.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Jai Prakash Kushwaha, Vimal Chandra Srivastava , Indra Deo Mall

Advantages of SBR
 Equalization, primary clarification, biological treatment
and secondary clarification can be achieved in a single
reactor vessel.
 SBR requires small space.
 SBR has controllable react time and quiescent settling.
 Minimal footprint.
 High nutrient removal capabilities.
 The BOD removal efficiency is generally 85 to 90%
 Filamentous growth elimination

Limitations of SBR
 A higher level of sophistication is required especially for larger
systems, of timing units and controls.
 Higher level of maintenance associated with more sophisticated
controls, automated switches, and automated valves.
 FBBR enables better removal of biological nutrients without
excessive usage of chemicals. SBR also uses coagulants
(generally lime or alum) to remove phosphate from sewage
which potentially increases the sludge volume.
 Potential plugging of aeration devices during selected operating
cycles, depending on the aeration system used by the
manufacturer.
 Fluidized Bed Bio Reactor is a continuous flow reactor (CFR)
with enhanced bacterial activity through the introduction of
special bio media, The core process advantage of FBBR is the
availability of high specific area for micro organisms.

Expected Outcomes
 The pollutant removal efficiency of SBR system is
higher for nitrogen and phosphate.
 SBRs combine all of the treatment steps and
processes it will result in low land area requirement.
 High BOD removal efficiency is expected.
 It can also remove heavy metal such as Zn, Cu, Pb.

Benefits to Society
 Highly efficient and economic technology in
comparison to present methods of treatment (ASP)
 As nitrogen removal is also possible, it will help
against Blue baby syndrome.
 As Nutrient removal is possible (N&P), it will help
against Algal bloom maintaining quality of water
body in which its effluent is being disposed.

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
TREATMENT OF SAMPLE WITH VARYING
HRTs & DETERMINATION OF ITS EFFECT ON
COD, TSS, Ph, TKN
COLLECTION OF RESULTS
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS
Identification of the problem related to the conventional
methods of treatment of wastewater
Finding the best alternative possible
(SBR)
CONSTRUCTION OFA
LAB SCALE SBR MODEL
ACCLIMATIZATION OF WASTEWATER
BY AS WITH MILK POWDER FOR 15-20
DAYS
Collection of data and literature
COLLECTION OF SAMPLE
OF DAIRY WASTEWATER
FROM HABIBGANJ
ACCLIMATIZATION OF WASTEWATER

Work Plan
31
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Detailed Study of
Literature
Laboratory work Analysis of laboratory test
results
Final Thesis report
Preparation
Months
Activities

32
S.
No.
Activity Sub activities Time
(months)
Schedule
1. Detailed study
of literature
Detailed study of the existing literature
on Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR),
Dairy industry wastewater & its
characteristics, Effects of dairy
effluents, etc
4 August
2017–
November
2017
2. Laboratory
work
Treatment of collected sample with
model SBR, acclimatization &
variation in characteristics with
different HRTs.
4 December
2017 –
March 2018
3. Analysis of
Results
Collection of results like COD, TSS,
Ph, TKN.
1 April 2018
4. Final Thesis
report
Preparation
Final thesis report preparation. 1 May 2018
Work Plan

REFERENCES
 Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment,
Disposal, Reuse. 4th edition. New York: McGraw Hill.
 Ashish Tikariha, Omprakash Sahu,Study of Characteristics and
Treatments of Dairy Industry Waste Water, DOI:10.12691/jaem-2-
1-4, Journal of Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2014, Vol.
2, No. 1, 16-22
 Rajkumar V. Raikar, Rekha Patil, Arjun Virupakshi, Degradation of
phenol using Sequential batch reactor, IJRET: International Journal
of Research in Engineering and Technology, eISSN: 2319-1163,
Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr-2015
 SBR manual by NEW ENGLAND INTERSTATE WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL COMMISSION, 2005
 Xiujin Li, Ruihong Zhang, Aerobic treatment of dairy wastewater
with sequencing batch reactor systems, DOI 10.1007/s00449-002-
0286-9,Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 25 (2002) 103–109

 M Baskar, Dr. B. Sukumaran, Effective Method of Treating
Wastewater from Meat Processing Industry Using
Sequencing Batch Reactor, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN: 2395-0056
,Volume 2 Issue 2 , May-2015
 Bharati S. Shete ,N. P. Shinkar, Dairy Industry Wastewater
Sources, Characteristics & its Effects on Environment ,
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology
,ISSN 2277 – 4106, Vol.3, No.5 (December 2013)
 CPHEEO manual , published 2013
 Jai Prakash Kushwaha, Vimal Chandra Srivastava , Indra
Deo Mall, Sequential batch reactor for dairy wastewater
treatment:Parametric optimization; kinetics and waste sludge
disposal, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 1
(2013) 1036–1043, 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
REFERENCES

Sequential batch reactor (SBR)

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