The document contains information about different members of a group along with their names and roll numbers. It then provides details about various types of renewable energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy and biomass. It discusses solar energy and wind energy in more depth, providing statistics on installed capacity in India and key solar parks and wind farms. The document also summarizes information on geothermal energy, including its uses, types of geothermal power plants and top geothermal power stations worldwide.

2. Ritesh
Harsh
Parikshit
Piyush
Tanmay
Ronit
GROUP MEMBERS
Hi, I am Parikshit
Pohane
My roll no. is 42
Hi, I am Ronit
Pokharna
My roll no. is 44
Hi, I am Harsh
Poddar
My roll no. is 41
Hi, I am Ritesh
Pokarne
My roll no. is 43
Hi, I am Piyush
Sonar
My roll no. is 40
Hi, I am Tanmay
Pol
My roll no. is 45

3. Basic Renewable Energy
Defining
Renewable
Energy
 Energy obtained from continuous or repetitive
currents of energy recurring in the natural
environment.
Or
 Energy flows which are replenished at the same rate
they are used.
Or
 Renewable energy is energy that is collected
from renewable sources, which are naturally
replenished on a human timescale, such
as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal
heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in five
important areas: electricity generation, air and water,
heating/cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid)
energy services.

4. Renewable Resources
• Solar energy
• Wind energy
• Hydropower
• Geothermal Energy
• Biomass
• There are many sources of
renewable energy, but all of
them, except geothermal
energy, are more or less directly
related to the sun: the main
source of clean and sustainable
energy for the earth.

5. Why Renewable
Energy?
• Because of the desire and necessity to
avert irreversible climate damage
• Because of increasing oil prices
• In view of all these and other factors,
governments worldwide support renewables with
various incentives.
• Fossil fuels are non-renewable, that is, they
draw on finite resources that will eventually
dwindle, becoming too expensive or too
environmentally damaging to retrieve.
• Many types of renewable energy resources-
such as wind and solar energy-are constantly
replenished and will never run out.
• Abundant sunshine
Energy Consumption
Trend

6. Basic Renewable Energy
Uses of
Renewable
Energy
 Direct uses
• Direct: Converted directly into useful energy
• Absorbed in solar collectors providing space heating or hot
water
• Concentrated by mirrors to provide high heat for electrical
production
• Converted directly into electricity using PV module
 Indirect uses
• Converted into useful energy indirectly through other
energy forms
• Hydropower: Energy extracted from dams and turbines
• Wind: Energy extracted from air movement
• Wave: Wind moving over long stretches of the ocean
creating waves
• Bioenergy: Through photosynthesis in plants
 Non Solar Renewables
• These are renewable, not depending on solar radiation.
• Tidal: This is not wave energy; the power of tides is
harnessed.
• Geothermal: Heat from within the earth

7. SOLAR
ENERGY

8. Solar power is the technology of
obtaining usable energy from the light of
the sun.
Solar power energy has come into use
where other power supplies are
absent, such as in places off from the
national electrical grid and in space.
As of 30 June 2017, India’s solar grid had a
cumulative capacity of
13.11 GW
Solar energy is currently used in a number of
applications:
• Heat (hot water, building heat, solar
cooking)
• Electricity generation (photovoltaics and
solar thermal, Stirling and
other heat engines)
• Desalination of seawater (taking the
salt out so it can be used for drinking
or growing crops).
• Lightning

9. Conversion to Solar Energy
Photovoltaic (PV devices) or
“solar cells” – change sunlight
directly into electricity.
Solar Power Plants - indirectly
generates electricity when the heat
from solar thermal collectors is
used to heat a fluid which
produces steam that is used to
power a generator.

10.  Process of converting solar energy from the sun into
electrical energy
 On a clear day, the amount of sunlight striking a
square meter of earth is approximately equal to 1000
Watts.
 It does depend on location and time of day.
 There are no moving parts, so it can operate for an
indefinite amount of time without wearing out
 The output of
electricity is the
most useful form
of C.energy.
 PV cells produce
DC, not A

11. ive solar heating – Utilizes energy from
sun and relies on mechanical and
ctrical means to transfer heat
ecially designed collectors absorb solar
ergy and fan/pump distributes energy
parts of a building to meet space/water
ting needs.

12. sive solar heating – Captures sunlight
ectly with a structure and converts it to
-temperature heat for space heating.
izes energy from sun without the use of
ctrical or mechanical devices

13. Plant – Sunlight is collected and
-filled pipes that run through the
ved solar collectors.
ges
nerate temperatures high enough
rial processes
pply back-up electricity
r than nuclear plants.

14. Locations of Solar parks
Envisaged Solar Parks
S.No. State No. of Solar Park & Capacity
1 Andhra Pradesh Ananthapur Solar Park -1500 MW
2 Andhra Pradesh Kurnool Solar Park-1000 MW
3 Andhra Pradesh Kadapa Solar Park-1000 MW
4 Andhra Pradesh Ananthapuramu Solar Park-500 MW
5 A&N Island 100 MW at South Andaman
6 Arunachal Pradesh 100 MW at Tezu
7 Assam 69 MW at Amguri in Sibsagar district
8 Chhatishgarh 500 MW at Rajnanadgaon and Janjgir Champa
9 Gujarat 700 MW at Banaskantha
10 Haryana 500 MW at Hisar, Bhiwani & Mahindergarh districts
11 Himachal Pradesh 1000 MW at Spiti Valley of Lahaul & Spiti
12 Jammu & Kashmir 100 MW at Jammu
13 Karnataka 2000 MW at Pavagada Taluk in Tumkur Distt
14 Kerala 200 MW at Kasargode
15 Madhya Pradesh 750 MW at Rewa
16 Madhya Pradesh 1000 MW at Neemuch, Agar, Mandsaur
17 Madhya Pradesh 500 MW at , Shajapur- Rajgarh
18 Madhya Pradesh 500 MW at Chhatarpur and Morena
19 Maharashtra 500 MW at Sakri, Dhule
20 Maharashtra 500 MW at Dondalcha, Dhule
21 Maharashtra 500 MW at Patoda, Beed
22 Meghalaya 20 MW at Thamar, West Jaintia Hills & Suchen, East Jaintia Hills
23 Nagaland 60 MW at Dimapur, Kohima and New Peren
24 Odisha 1000 MW at Multiple locations of Odisha
25 Rajasthan Bhadla Ph-II Solar Park: 680 MW
26 Rajasthan Bhadla Ph-III Solar Park: 1000 MW in distt.Jodhpur
27 Rajasthan Bhadla Ph-IV Solar Park: 500 MW in distt.Jodhpur
28 Rajasthan 750MW at Jodhpur(450MW) & Jaisalmer (300MW)
29 Rajasthan 321MW at Fatehgarh & Pokaran in Jaisalmer district
30 Tamil Nadu 500MW at Ramanathapuram
31 Telangana 500 MW at Gattu, Mahabubnagar
32 Uttar Pradesh 600 MW at Jalaun, Kanpur dehat, Allahabad & Mirzapur
33 Uttarakhand 50 MW at Sitarganj & Kashipur
34 West Bengal 500 MW at East Mednapur, West Midnapur and Bankura
Total-20 GW

15. TamilNadu
• Tamil Nadu is on the 1st
spot in production of
solar power.
• Total installed capacity
is 1,577 MW.
• Under development plants
are of 485 MW.
• Tamil Nadu has one
major that is
RAMANANTHPURAM
solar park it’s capacity is
500 MW.

16. Rajasthan
• Rajasthan spot the 2nd
place in the solar power
production.
• Total installed capacity
is 1,324.
• Under development
plant are of 1,205.
• Rajasthan has 5 major
solar park .
• BHADLA PHASE III
has capacity of 1000
MW.

17. Gujarat
• Gujarat is on 3rd spot in production of solar
energy.
• Total installed capacity is 1,100 MW.
• Under development plants are of 300 MW.
• Gujarat has only one that is
RADHANESDA solar park, it’s capacity is
700MW.
• Controlled by GPCL.

18. Telangana
• Telangana is on the 5th
in production of solar
power.
• Total installed capacity
is 1,006 MW.
• Under development
plants are of 2,418
MW.
• Telangana has one
major that is GATTU
solar park it’s capacity

19. Pros and cons of Solar Energy
PROS
1. Clean Energy Source
2. Renewable and Sustainable
3. Power Remote Areas
4. Can be Installed on Rooftops
5. Reduce Electricity Bills
6. Availability
7. Low Maintenance
8. Silent
CONS
1. Initial Cost (Rs. 90-120 per watt)
2. Produce Power During Day
3. Solar Cells Effectiveness (14%-
17%)
4. Large Area for Setup (10
sqm/kw)
5. Expensive Storage ( batteries )

20. WIND
ENERGY

21. The terms "wind energy" or "wind
power" describe the process by
which the wind is used to
generate mechanical power or
electricity.
Wind turbine is a device that
converts kinetic energy from the
wind into electric power.
The first windmill used to
produce electric energy was
created in 1888 by Charles F.
Brush

22. The first practical windmills were in use in Sistan, a region in Iran and
bordering Afghanistan
The wind power programme in India was started during 1983-84 with the
efforts of the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources.
The first commercial wind energy converters entered service back in the
1985.
Four German companies are counted among the world’s major
manufacturers, and the German component industry supplies gearboxes,
clutches and other assemblies to numerous producers in other countries.
HISTORY

23. STATISTICS IN INDIA & BY OTHERS
• In 2015, China installed close to half the world's added wind power
capacity.: than half of all the countries of the world.
• Several countries have achieved high levels of wind power
penetration, such as 41% of stationary electricity production
in Denmark, 28% in Ireland, 24% in Portugal, 21% in Germany and
19% in Spain
• India's wind power installations accounted for a 6.6 percent share
of the global market .
• India committed to installing 60 GW of wind and 100 GW of
solar by 2022

24. COPE IN INDIA
India has the 4th largest installed capacity in wind
power after China, U.S and Germany. The total
installed capacity of wind power in India as on
March 2017 is around 32 GW
Wind energy has bright future and we can expect
30% contribution of wind energy in the total
generation mix of electricity in India by 2050.
Demand for energy is bound to increase with the
increased economic development in the country.
Indian economy is reviving (7.4% in 2014) after
sluggish growth in the last three years (6.6%, 5.1%
and 6.9% for 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively)

25. WORKING
• Wind energy is created when the atmosphere is heated unevenly by the
Sun, some patches of air become warmer than others. These warm
patches of air rise, other air rushes in to replace them thus, wind blows.
• To convert wind to electricity, the blades of a wind turbine turn into a shaft
which is attached to a gear transmission box. That transmission box
increases the turning speed in the shaft which connects to the generator
that creates electricity. .
• Wind Energy is an indirect form of solar energy which can be used
continuously unlike solar energy. Wind energy classified in two types.
• 1.- Planetary winds
• 2.- Local winds.

26. Pros and cons of Wind Energy
PROS
 No pollution.
 Don’t produce
atmospheric emissions
that cause acid rains
and green house effects
 Wind energy is a free
 renewable resource
• Prediction of wind is
difficult i.e wind speed
varies.
• Threat to wild life as it kills
birds.
• Produce allot less
electricity fossil fuelled
power station.
• High Initial cost.
• Large requirement of land
for wind farm.
CONS

27. GEOTHERMAL
ENERGY

28. WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?
Geothermal is the heat from the
Earth. It is clean and
sustainable. Resources of
geothermal energy range from
the shallow ground to hot water
and hot rock found few miles
beneath the Earths surface, and
down even deeper to the
extremely high temperatures of
molten rock called magma .

29. ses of geothermal energy
Direct use
Space heating in homes
Desalination
Industrial processes
Food dehydration plants
Greenhouse heating
Agriculture(crop drying & milk
pasteurization)
resorts and pools
melting snow
Electricity production
Flash steam power plant
Dry steam power plant
Binary cycle power plant

30.  Ancient people used it for heating and bathing
through hot springs.
 Using geothermal energy to produce electricity is a
new industry.
 A group of Italians first used it in 1911. The
Italians used the natural steam erupting from the
earth to power a turbine generator.
First Geothermalpower plant in Larderello, Italy 1
9
1
1

31.  Flash steam power plants use naturally occurring sources of
underground hot water and steam. Water that is hotter than 182°c is
pumped into a low pressure area. Some of the water flashes or
evaporates rapidly into steam, and is funnelled out to power a turbine
and generate electricity. Any remaining water can be flashed in a
separate tank to extract more energy . Flash steam power plants are
the most common type of geothermal power plants.


32.  Dry steam power plant take advantage of natural underground
sources of steam. The steam is piped directly to a power plant,
where it is used to fuel turbines and generate electricity . Dry steam
is the oldest type of power plant to generate electricity using
geothermal energy.

33.  Binary cycle power plants use a unique process to conserve water and
generate heat. Water is heated underground to about 107º - 182ºc. The
hot water is contained in a pipe, which cycles above the ground. The
hot water heats a liquid organic compound that has a lower boiling
point than water.
 The organic liquid creates steam, which flows through a turbine and
powers a generator to create electricity. The only emission in this
process steam. The water in the pipe is recycled back to the ground,
to be re-heated by the Earth and provide heat for the organic
compound again.

34. Top 3 biggest geothermal power plants
in the world
• The Geysers Geothermal complex, California, United States ofAmerica
The Geysers Geothermal complex located about 121 km north of San Fransisco, California, is comprised of18 power plants
making it the biggest geothermal installation in the world. The complex has an installed capacity of 1517 MW and active
production capacity of 900 MW.
• Larderello Geothermal complex,Italy
Larderello Geothermal complex, comprising of 34 plants with a total net capacity of769MW, is the second biggest
geothermal power plants in the world. The power produced from the geothermal field, located inTuscany, Central Italy,
accounts for ten percent of all geothermal energy produced worldwide and caters for 26.5% of regional power needs.
• Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station, Mexico
At 720MW, Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power station in south Mexicali, Baja California in north Mexico, is th third geothermal
plant in the world.
The power plant, like all other geothermal fields in Mexico, is owned and operated by the Commission Federal de
Electricidad (CFE).

35. India has a huge potential to become a leading contributor in generating eco friendly
and cost effective geothermal power. Around 6.5 percent of electricity generation in the
world would be done with the help of geothermal energy in India and would have to
play a bigger role in the coming years in this direction. In India studies for locating
geothermal energy source were undertaken by the geological survey of India over the
last three decades after which around 340 hot springs were traced .
Chattisgharh government has decided to establish the first geothermal power plant
of the country in the newly formed state Balrampur. State government has granted
permission for the installation of geothermal power plant at Tattapani area of Balrampur
district to the NTPC. The Tattapani geothermal field is the most promising geothermal
resource in central India.
The MoU(memorandum of understanding) was signed by director Shailendra
Shukla and NTPC executive director Ajit Kumar in the presence of secretary energy
Aman Singh regional executive director NTPC N Ganguly and MDs of electricity
companies of Chattisgharh.
Thus India has set a foot in producing green and renewable energy.
INDIA AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

36. dvantages ofGeothermal
nergy
Renewable:.
EnvironmentFriendly:
No Fuel:AbundantSupply:
Significant Saving for Home Owners:
Smallest Land Footprint:
nnovation inTechnology:
Disadvantages ofGeothermal
Energy
Suitable to Particular Region:
High InitialCosts:
Surface Instability:
Environment concerns:
High temperatures Needed:

37. HYDRO
ENERGY

38. • Water flows downwards with
gravity to spin a turbine.
• More reliable than solar and
wind power.
• Hydroelectric dams are very
expensive and can harm
wildlife.
• 17% electricity from
hydroelectric schemes in the
INDIA.
• Hydroelectric power harnesses
the kinetic energy of running
water.

39. ACCORDING TO AVAILABILITY OF WATER HEAD
1. Low head plant
Head – upto 30m.
A sideway stream diverges from the river at the dam.
Vertical shaft Francis or Kaplan turbine are used commonly.
2. Medium head plant
Head -30-70 m
Uses Francis Turbine.
Water is carried in open canals from main reservoir to forebay then
to powerhouse through penstock.
3. High head plants
Head- 71-500 m
Water is stored in the lake over the mountain during high rainy
season or when snow melts.
Pelton Wheel turbine is used.

40. How hydroelectric energy works
Hydropower plants create energy by using the force of
water to turn turbines. They operate similarly to how a
coal-powered plant is run.
For example, when coal is burned in a coal plant, the
steam that is created powers turbines that then create
electricity. With hydropower, the energy source that
generates power is water.
The most popular form of hydropower, also known as
hydroelectric power, is a large dam that holds water in a
reservoir, like the picture below. When electricity is
needed, water is released from the reservoir, which then
propels turbines to produce electricity.

41. Site Selection Factors considered
for selecting the site for
hydroelectric power plant
1. Availability of water
2. Water storage capacity
3. Availability of water head
4. Accessibility of the site
5. Distance from the load centre
6. Types of the land of site

42. Analysis of Hydro Power Plant

43. Pros and cons of HYDRO
Energy
PROS
1) No fuel required
2) Cost of electricity is constant
3) No air-pollution is created
4) Long life
5) Cost of generation of electricity
6) Can easily work during high
peak daily loads
7) Irrigation of farms
8) Water sports and gardens
9) Prevents floods
1) Disrupts the aquatic ecosystems
2) Disruption in the surrounding
areas
3) Requires large areas
4) Large scale human
displacement
5) Very high capital cost or
investment
6) High quality construction
7) Site specific
8) Effects on environment
9) Safety of the dams
CONS

44. BIOGAS
Biomass is fuel that is developed from
organic materials, a renewable and
sustainable source of energy used to
create electricity or other forms of power
Biomass is renewable organic material
that comes from plants and animals.
Biomass can be burned directly for heat
or converted to renewable liquid and
gaseous fuels through various
processes.
Examples of biomass include wood,
crops, seaweed and animal waste.
Biomass gets its energy from the Sun
and is a renewable energy source.

45. Biomass has been used as a source
of heat energy since man first
discovered fire. It was used as lamp
fuel in the United States in the
1800s.
A biomass system created by Danish
inventor Jens Dall Bentzen greatly
increases the types of biomass fuels
that can be used, while further
reducing associated emissions and
increasing overall energy efficiency.
HISTORY

46. What is biomass power?
Biomass power is carbon neutral electricity generated from renewable
organic waste that would otherwise be dumped in landfills, openly
burned, or left as fodder for forest fires.
When burned, the energy in biomass is released as heat. If you have a
fireplace, you already are participating in the use of biomass as the
wood you burn in it is a biomass fuel.
In biomass power plants, wood waste or other waste is burned to produce
steam that runs a turbine to make electricity, or that provides heat to
industries and homes

47. Working
The fresh organic waste is stored in a collection tank before its processing to
the homogenization tank which is equipped with a mixer to facilitate
homogenization of the waste stream. The uniformly mixed waste is passed
through a macerator to obtain uniform particle size of 5-10 mm and pumped
into suitable-capacity anaerobic digester where stabilization of organic waste
takes place.
.
In anaerobic digestion, organic material is converted to biogas by a series of
bacteria groups into methane and carbon dioxide. The majority of
commercially operating digesters are plug flow and complete-mix reactors
operating at mesophilic temperatures. The type of digester used varies with
the consistency and solids content of the feedstock, with capital investment
factors and with the primary purpose of digestion.

48. • The biogas plant is a brick and cement structure having the following five
sections:
• Mixing tank ; it is present above the ground level.
• Inlet tank: The mixing tank opens underground into a sloping inlet
chamber.
• Digester: The inlet chamber opens from below into the digester which is a
huge tank with a dome like ceiling. The ceiling of the digester has an outlet
with a valve for the supply of biogas.
• Outlet tank: The digester opens from below into an outlet chamber.
• Overflow tank: The outlet chamber opens from the top into a small over
flow tank.

49. SCOPE IN INDIA
India is implementing one of the World's largest programme in renewable
energy. The country ranks second in biogas utilization. ...
Biogas plants provide three-in-one solution of gaseous fuel generation,
organic manure production and wet biomass waste disposal/management.
Currently, there are only 56 operational biogas based power plants in India,
the majority of them are located in three states, Maharashtra, Kerala, and
Karnataka
The average calorific value of biogas is about 21-23.5 MJ/m³, meaning that 1
m³
of biogas corresponds to 0.5-0.6 l diesel fuel or an energy content of about 6
kWh. However, due to conversion losses, 1m³ of biogas can be converted
only to around 1.7 kWhel

50. Pros and cons of BIOGAS
PROS
1. Economic development
opportunities in rural areas
2. Commercial use of biomass
3. Improve fertility of soil
4. Renewable resource
5. Reduces landfills
6. Healthy Cooking Alternative For
Developing Areas
7. Biogas Generation Produces
Organic Fertilizer Biogas
Generation Reduces Soil and Water
Pollution Biogas is Eco-Friendly
1) Few Technological
Advancements Contains
Impurities
2) Effect of Temperature on Biogas
Production Less Suitable For
Dense Metropolitan Areas
CONS

51.  Wind Power:
 Development of wind power in
India has begun since the
1990s
 India has set a target to
generate 60,000 MW of
electricity from wind power by
2022.
 Indian government has issued
various policies regarding the
application of wind power
FUTURE SCOPE

52.  Hydroelectric Power:
 India has been ranked 5th
across the globe for
installed hydroelectric power
capacity.
 There are additional small
power units with total capacity
of 4380 MW
 It can be used for base load
power supply for its ultimate
energy needs.
FUTURE SCOPE

53.  SOLAR POWER:
 High Insolation available
 India has set a target to reach
100GW by 2022.
 The mission has an aim to
achieve Grid Parity.
FUTURE SCOPE

54.  Geothermal Energy
 India has a good potential for
geothermal energy
 340 zones with remarkable
temperature.
 Himalaya, West Coast and
Godavari are identified as
major potential areas
FUTURE SCOPE

55. REFERENCES
[1]. Nuttall, W. J. &Manz, D. L. (2008). “A new energy security
paradigm for the twenty-first centuryTechnological
Forecasting and Social Change”, Vol. 75, 2002, pp. 1247-
59.[2]. Leif G, Pal B, Bengt J, Per S. “Reducing CO2 emission
by substituting biomass for fossil fuels”.Energy 1995, 1097 –
1113.[3]. N.L. Panwaram S.C. Kaushikb, SurendraKotharia
“Role of renewable energy sources in
environmentalprotection: A review” (page-6).[4]. Kanwardeep
Singh, M.E. Thesis, “Study of Solar/Biogas Hybrid Power
Generation” ThaparUnivercity,Patiala, July 2010.