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Accounting and 
Financial Statements 101 
For everyone but bean counters 
(especially rogue startup badasses) 
Peter Kos 
@peterkosjr 
linkedin.com/in/peterkosjr 
! 
! 
#DENStartupWeek 
1
2
Discussion 
• Financial Statements 
• Forecasting, Business Planning & Cash Flow 
• Capex and Depreciation 
• Accounting Software and Charts of Accounts 
• Other considerations 
• Valuation and cost of capital 
4
Broad Arcs 
• You as the CEO are where Finance, Operations, 
Planning/Forecasting, and Marketing converge 
• All business plans are always wrong. 
Per io d! 
• Have some idea of your exit before hiring a CFO 
• Be candid about your skills in these areas 
• Plan top-down and bottom-up 
• It’s about execution, not an idea - focus on the hard 
stuff
Financial Statements 
• Income Statement 
• Balance Sheet 
• Statement of Cash Flows 
• Statement of Shareholder’s Equity 
6
7
8
Balance Sheet 
September 30, 2014 
9
Balance Sheet 
September 30, 2014 
10
Chart of Accounts 
• Income Statement Accounts 
• Balance Sheet Accounts 
• Trial Balance 
11
Working Capital 
Current Assets - Current Liabilities 
Current: within 12 months 
(Is this accessible money?) 
12
Working Capital 
Current Assets - Current Liabilities 
Inventory Tax Payments Payable 
Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable 
Note Receivable Note Payable 
Cash !
Cash Flow Statement 
14
Real Cash Flow Statement
Forecasting 
• All forecasts are always wrong 
• Tests fundamental 
assumptions about the 
business model 
• Consider your revenue model 
- if you are buying every 
customer, you’re dead 
• Balance Sheet Forecasts 
essential, but painful 
16
Breakeven Analysis 
• The break-even number is 
less important than the 
“minimum viable business” 
• Manufacturing business often 
think in terms of “cost plus” 
and then attempt to minimize 
costs / improve margin 
• Cost base (fixed costs) 
divided by gross margin = 
break-even sales 
• Caution: this is not = cash 
flow positive 
17
Capex 
Capex = Capital Expenditure = 
Fixed Asset 
Depreciation = Cost of fixed 
asset / life expectancy 
Depreciation Expense = not a 
cash outlay 
Makerbot Replicator 
Cost 
$2,950 
Life Expectancy (Useful 
Life) 
in Months 
36 
Monthly Depreciation 
Expense 
81.94
Capex Risk / Return 
Cost: $10,000 
Profit: 2,500 yearly 
Cost: 
$5,000 
Profit: 
$1,250 
yearly 
Cost: 
$5,000 
Profit: 
$1,250 
yearly 
19
Debt vs. Equity 
The cost of capital 
$ $$$$ 
Debt Equity 
20
Read this book before 
looking for equity money: 
Venture Capital 
Private Equity 
ESOPs
Valuation 
22
Pitfalls 
• Don’t plan “downhill, with a tailwind” 
• Growth is rarely exponential or even 
linear after the “honeymoon” 
• Beware step costs 
• Manufacturing, service, software, and 
distribution businesses all have 
different growth drivers 
• Selling more to your customers vs 
selling to more customers 
• Plan for availability of capital before 
you need it 
• Factoring = Bad 
23
A/B testing 
CPM Churn 
COA 
Ratios 
Competitive Moat 
Conversion Rate 
Sales Pipeline 
Channel KPIs 
24
Accounting Software 
• Xero 
• Zoho Books 
• Freshbooks.com 
• Account Edge 
• Quickbooks 
• Peachtree / Sage 
• Less Accounting 
• Intaact, NetSuite, etc. 
25
A Shameless Plug 
Come spend the weekend with me 
! 
No, I didn’t mean it that way 
! 
Well, ok…if you really want to 
! 
@peterkosjr 
pkos@netpositiveco.org 
26
Thanks Swiftpage ! 
slideshare.net/PeterKosJr/acct101denstartupweek2014 
! 
! 
@peterkosjr 
! 
linkedin.com/in/peterkosjr 
! 
peterkosjr@gmail.com 
! 
! 
27

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Accounting 101 for Entrepreneurs - Denver Startup Week 2014

  • 1. Accounting and Financial Statements 101 For everyone but bean counters (especially rogue startup badasses) Peter Kos @peterkosjr linkedin.com/in/peterkosjr ! ! #DENStartupWeek 1
  • 2. 2
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  • 4. Discussion • Financial Statements • Forecasting, Business Planning & Cash Flow • Capex and Depreciation • Accounting Software and Charts of Accounts • Other considerations • Valuation and cost of capital 4
  • 5. Broad Arcs • You as the CEO are where Finance, Operations, Planning/Forecasting, and Marketing converge • All business plans are always wrong. Per io d! • Have some idea of your exit before hiring a CFO • Be candid about your skills in these areas • Plan top-down and bottom-up • It’s about execution, not an idea - focus on the hard stuff
  • 6. Financial Statements • Income Statement • Balance Sheet • Statement of Cash Flows • Statement of Shareholder’s Equity 6
  • 7. 7
  • 8. 8
  • 10. Balance Sheet September 30, 2014 10
  • 11. Chart of Accounts • Income Statement Accounts • Balance Sheet Accounts • Trial Balance 11
  • 12. Working Capital Current Assets - Current Liabilities Current: within 12 months (Is this accessible money?) 12
  • 13. Working Capital Current Assets - Current Liabilities Inventory Tax Payments Payable Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable Note Receivable Note Payable Cash !
  • 15. Real Cash Flow Statement
  • 16. Forecasting • All forecasts are always wrong • Tests fundamental assumptions about the business model • Consider your revenue model - if you are buying every customer, you’re dead • Balance Sheet Forecasts essential, but painful 16
  • 17. Breakeven Analysis • The break-even number is less important than the “minimum viable business” • Manufacturing business often think in terms of “cost plus” and then attempt to minimize costs / improve margin • Cost base (fixed costs) divided by gross margin = break-even sales • Caution: this is not = cash flow positive 17
  • 18. Capex Capex = Capital Expenditure = Fixed Asset Depreciation = Cost of fixed asset / life expectancy Depreciation Expense = not a cash outlay Makerbot Replicator Cost $2,950 Life Expectancy (Useful Life) in Months 36 Monthly Depreciation Expense 81.94
  • 19. Capex Risk / Return Cost: $10,000 Profit: 2,500 yearly Cost: $5,000 Profit: $1,250 yearly Cost: $5,000 Profit: $1,250 yearly 19
  • 20. Debt vs. Equity The cost of capital $ $$$$ Debt Equity 20
  • 21. Read this book before looking for equity money: Venture Capital Private Equity ESOPs
  • 23. Pitfalls • Don’t plan “downhill, with a tailwind” • Growth is rarely exponential or even linear after the “honeymoon” • Beware step costs • Manufacturing, service, software, and distribution businesses all have different growth drivers • Selling more to your customers vs selling to more customers • Plan for availability of capital before you need it • Factoring = Bad 23
  • 24. A/B testing CPM Churn COA Ratios Competitive Moat Conversion Rate Sales Pipeline Channel KPIs 24
  • 25. Accounting Software • Xero • Zoho Books • Freshbooks.com • Account Edge • Quickbooks • Peachtree / Sage • Less Accounting • Intaact, NetSuite, etc. 25
  • 26. A Shameless Plug Come spend the weekend with me ! No, I didn’t mean it that way ! Well, ok…if you really want to ! @peterkosjr pkos@netpositiveco.org 26
  • 27. Thanks Swiftpage ! slideshare.net/PeterKosJr/acct101denstartupweek2014 ! ! @peterkosjr ! linkedin.com/in/peterkosjr ! peterkosjr@gmail.com ! ! 27