The Battle to Preserve Protestant Liberty Part 4

1. THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
“Our duty to God obliges us
to protect the Protestant
religion…Therefore
gentlemen…and fellow
Protestants welcome to my
camp…it is our principle to
die in a good cause than die
in a bad one ”
King William,
Prince of Orange

2. THE BATTLE TO PRESERVE
OUR PROTESTANT LIBERTIES
Queen Elizabeth 1st – King William 3rd
1558 - 1690

3. THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
William Prince of Orange
1688

4. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

5. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

6. THE COMMITTEE OF SAFETY
• Richard Cromwell resigned the Protectorate.
• The committee invited Charles Stuart to return as
King.
• Arrived in Dover on 26th May 1660.
“He knew how to bewail the sins of his
father’s house, and could talk of the power
of godliness as if he had been a Puritan”

7. A CANDID SCOTTISH
ASSESSEMENT
.
“…that they were bringing God’s
heavy wrath to Britain”
• Rev John Livingstone.
• One of the Scottish delegation sent to
accompany the King to England.

8. THE IMMEDIATE IMPACT
• The Bishops were returned to their former pomp
and authority.
• Private meetings and unlicensed preachers were
suppressed.

9. A FAMOUS PRISONER
• John Bunyan.
• Bedford County Gaol
1660 – 1672
• Inspiration for Pilgrim’s
Progress, Holy War and
other writings.

10. THE GREAT EJECTION
.
• The refusal of the Puritans to
compromise their Presbyterian
convictions
• Required to accept the Book of
Common Prayer and renounce the
Solemn League and Covenant and
swear an oath of unconditional
allegiance.
• On 24th August 1662; 2,000 Ministers
surrendered their charges.

11. BISHOP BURNET
“It raised a grievous cry over the nation for
here were many men valued and
distinguished for their abilities and zeal, cast
out ignominously, reduced to great poverty
and provoked by spiteful useage,”

12. THE AMBITIONS OF CHARLES
“What Charles mainly aimed at was
absolute power; while the deeper plotters
around him sought to compass was the
restoration of the Romish Faith”
Wylie, History of Protestantism

13. ACT OF UNIFORMTY
1662
“I do swear I will not endeavour any
alteration in the government of this
Kingdom in Church or State, as it is by law
established”

14. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

15. William the Silent
• A German by birth.
• Inherited the Principality
of Orange in Southern
France.
• The Founder of The
Netherlands as an
independent nation.

16. THE FAITH OF THE NETHELANDS
• The Reformed Faith
readily received.
• Charles 2nd established
the Spanish Inquisition.
• 5,000 Protestants were
martyred.

17. UNDER PHILIP 2ND
• All subjects required to
accept the Council of
Trent..
• Those who refused
delivered to the Inquisition
• “Now we shall see the
beginning of a fine tragedy”
(William the Silent).

18. THE BACKLASH
• William led the revolt
against the Catholic
Army.
• The Navy (“Sea Beggars)
Gained supremacy.
• The flooding of the land
proved a powerful
weapon.

19. THE REPUBLIC
• 25,000 Gold Crowns;
reward for William’s
head.
• Assassinated in 1584.
• In 1609 the six years
truce marked the
beginning of the
Republic.

20. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

21. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

22. A NEW ALLIANCE
• Charles 2nd decides to
form a league with France
• War is declared on
Holland.
• England breaks her
alliance with Protestant
Holland and Sweden.LOUIS 14TH

23. THE STRATEGY
• France would invade by
land.
• England would attack
from sea.
• Louis’ intention to
destroy the might of the
two greatest naval powers
in Europe.
LOUIS 14TH

24. THE ATTACK
• 17th March 1672.
• 150,000 soldiers invaded the United Provinces.
• The English Navy had limited success.
• The fall of Holland as an independent Protestant
State looked certain.
• Was Protestantism on the brink of collapsing in
Europe?

25. THE RETURN OF THE HOUSE OF
ORANGE
• Appointed Captain and
Admiral General of the
United Provinces.
• The war turned against
the aggressors.
• William, great grandson
of William the Silent
became the leader of
Protestant Europe.
THE YOUNG PRINCE
OF ORANGE

26. A PROVIDENTIAL UNION
• 1677
• The Duke of York
consents to the marriage
between his daughter and
William
• “The Duke had given his
daughter to the greatest
enemy he had in the
world” (Louis 14th)
William of Orange
and Mary Stuart

27. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

28. A VIRTUAL RULER
• Younger Brother of
Charles 2nd
• Strong leanings toward
Catholicism.
• Governed the nation in
Charles’ final years.
James
Duke of York

29. MARY OF MODENA
• 1673
• Selected by Louis 14th for
James, Duke of York.
• Mass was said in the
Queen’s Chapel.
• The number of Priests and
Jesuits increased
dramatically.
“ I have brought you
a new play fellow”

30. THE TEST ACT OF 1673
“That all persons
bearing any office or
place of trust and
profit, shall take the
oaths of Supremacy
and Allegiance in
public and open court,
and shall receive the
Sacrament of the
Lord’s Supper
according to the usage
of the Church of
England”
• James laid down his offices
of state.
• There were demands to have
him excluded from the
throne.
• All hope of Romanism being
established by law was gone.
• There were fears that the
Court would use the army
against Parliament.

31. THE TITUS OATES AFFAIR
• 1678-1681
• 15 people were executed
on the strength of his
information regarding a
“Popish Plot”
• Pardoned by King
William 3rd.“Titus the Liar” by
his enemies.

32. THE RYE HOUSE PLOT
1683
• Rye House leased by a prominent republican.
• Supported by prominent Protestant leaders
such as the Earl of Essex and Lord Russell.
• Took issue with an absolute monarchy.
• Believed that armed resistance was allowable.
• Discovered and the leaders executed.

33. JUDGE JEFFRIES
• Drunken and Foul
Tempered
• Hated the non conformists.
• Hanged about 600 people.
• “England had never known
anything like it”

34. JUDGE JEFFRIES
• Drunken and Foul
Tempered
• Hated the non conformists.
• Hanged about 600 people.
• “England had never known
anything like it”

35. DEATH OF CHARLES 2ND
1684
“Departed without being desired”

36. MONMOUTH
• Charles 2nd illegitimate
son.
• Gained the support of
several thousand.
• Landing at Dorset.
• Defeated by the King’s
Army
• Supported by the Duke
of Argyle.
• Invaded the Highlands
with 4,000 troops.
• Overthrown at the
Clyde.

37. DARK DAYS
• Judge Jeffries continued his bloody work.
• The King suspended Parliament when they
refused him an army.
• His army would have Roman Catholic officers.
• In France the Edict of Nantes was revoked.

38. MANIPULATING THE JUDICIARY
• James appointed senior judges.
• They gave the opinion that he was a sovereign
prince
• He began appointing Roman Catholic Bishops.
• Roman seminaries and Jesuit colleges sprang up
in London.

39. THE BATTLE FOR HEARTS

40. AN ENGLISH INQUISITION
• To silence the Protestant Champions.
• The King’s Army assembled at Hounslow Heath.
• King was opposed in Oxford and Cambridge.
• The Papal Nuncio paraded through London in
open daylight.
• The King’s wife bore a son

41. AN APPEAL TO THE ARMY
“Will you be aiding and assisting to set up mass-
houses, to erect that Kingdom of Darkness and
desolation among us, and train up all our children
to Popery? What service can you do for your
country by being under the command of French
and Irish Papists, and by bringing the nation
under a foreign yoke?...Will you exchange your
birth-right of English laws and liberties for martial
and club law, and help to destroy all others, only
at last to be eaten up yourselves”
(Rev Samuel Johnston)

42. THE GREAT CRISIS
• “Gracious Declaration for
the Liberty of Conscience”
• Bishop’s in the Tower
• Papal Nuncio in London
• Bishops Acquitted
• 30th June 1688

43. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

44. EYES TURN TO HOLLAND
The Catholic powers
pursuaded that Louis
14th was on a policy
of Imperialism
Protestant Leaders from
Europe, notably
Germany, pledged to
support the Prince of
Orange

45. WILLIAM’S DECARATION
“His expedition intended for no other design but
to have a free and lawful Parliament assembled to
which all questions might be referred touching the
establishment of the Protestant religion and the
peace honour and happiness of these nations
upon lasting foundations.”
10th October 1688

46. • 52 War Ships, 25 Frigates.
• 3,660 horses, 10,692 infantry.
• Apparently inadequate for capturing a nation?
“FOR THE PROTESTANT
RELIGION AND LIBERTIES
OF ENGLAND”
“I WILL MAINTAIN”

47. APPEAL TO THE
ENGLISH NAVY AND ARMY
“We are come...to secure these nations from
Popery and slavery…you are only made use of as
instruments to enslave the nation and ruin your
Protestant religion…you will in the first place
consider what you owe to Almighty God, and next
to your country, yourselves, and to your posterity”

48. APPEAL TO THE
ENGLISH NAVY AND ARMY
“We are come...to secure these nations from
Popery and slavery…you are only made use of as
instruments to enslave the nation and ruin your
Protestant religion…you will in the first place
consider what you owe to Almighty God, and next
to your country, yourselves, and to your posterity”

49. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

50. 5th November 1688

51. APPEAL TO THE MEN OF
ENGLAND
“Our duty to God obliges
us to protect the Protestant
religion…Therefore
gentlemen…and fellow
Protestants welcome to my
camp…it is our principle to
die in a good cause than die
in a bad one ”

52. VACATING THE CROWN
• James 2nd fled to France.
• Convention established
• William and Orange and Mary were
crowned as only Joint Heads of State in
English and British History.

53. The Glorious Revolution
1: The Restoration of the Monarchy
2: The Rise of the Prince of Orange in
the Netherlands
3: The War with the Netherlands
4: James 2nd and Resurgent Romanism
5: The Call to the House of Orange
6: The Protestant Winds
7: A New Constitution

54. “An Act declaring the Rights and Liberties
of the Subject, and settling the Succession
of the Crown.”

55. PROVISIONS OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS
• Law must have the consent of Parliament.
• Only Parliament can raise taxes.
• Subjects may petition the monarch without
prosecution.
• A Standing Army must have Parliaments’ Approval.
• Parliamentary Elections must be free.
• Parliamentary Speech and Proceedings are free.
• Parliaments should be convened frequently.
• “It is inconsistent with the freedom and welfare of
this Protestant Kingdom to be governed by a Papist
Prince.”

56. THE INFLUENCE OF THE
BILL OF RIGHTS
• Most of it is retained in the Republic of Ireland.
• Parts of it was contained in the consitition of
various commonwealth countries such as
Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
• A model for the American Bill of Rights in 1789
• Parliamentary Elections must be free.
• Influenced international agreements:
- European Convention of Human Rights and The
United Nations Declaration of Human Rights.

57. THE SASH MY FATHER WORE
Derry, Aughrim, Enniskillen and the Boyne